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Mohamedsheiksirajuddeen:ClassificationofOpticalfibres
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Mohamedsheiksirajuddeen
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Tuesday,December13,2011

ClassificationofOpticalfibres
Opticalfibresaregenerallyclassifiedonthebasisof
Materialcomposition
NumberofModesofpropagation
Refractiveindexprofile
MaterialComposition
Opticalfibresareavailableas1)Glassfibresand2)Plastic
fibres
1)Glassfibres:
Whenthefibresaremadebymixtureso
E.g.,fmetaloxidesandsilicaglasses,thenitisknownasglassfibre.
1.GeO2SiO2coreSiO2cladding
2.P2O5SiO2coreSiO2cladding
3.SiO2core:P2O5SiO2cladding
2)PlasticFibres:
Plasticfibresaremadeofplastics.
E.g.,1.Polystyrenecoremethymethacrylatecladding
2.Polymethymethacrylatecorepolymercladding
Numberofmodesofpropagation
Basedonthenumberofmodesoflight,fibrescan
beoftwotypes
i)Singlemodefibre
ii)Multimodefibre
i)Singlemodefibre:
Inafibre,ifonlyonemodeoflightistransmittedthen
itiscalledsinglemodefibreasshowninfigure1.

Features:
1.IthassmallerNumerical
apertureandhencesmaller
coreradius.
2.Itrequiresgenerallylasersassourcetotransmitlight.

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Mohamedsheiksirajuddeen:ClassificationofOpticalfibres

3.Ascoreradiusissmallinorderof3microns,splicingthefibresisdifficult
4.Attenuation(lossofsignal)inthistypeoffibreisminimum(nointermodaldispersion)
ii)Multimodefibres:
Inthistypeoffibre,morethanonemodeoflightistransmittedthroughthefibre.Ithasmany
advantagesoversinglemodefibre.Itisshowninfig.2.
Features:
1.Sincemanymodesaresent,thecoreradiusislarger
2.Numericalapertureofthefibreisalsolarger
3.Launchingoflightfromsourceiseasier

4.LEDcanalsobeusedassourceinthisfibre
5.Splicing(joining)twofibresiseasier
6.Attenuationduetointermodaldispersionoccursinthisfibre.

Classificationbasedon
RefractiveIndexprofile:
Theopticalfibresareclassifiedonthebasisofrefractiveindexas
i)Stepindexfibre
ii)Gradedindexfibre
i)Stepindexfibre
Itisbasedonthecomparisonofrefractiveindicesofair,cladding,andcorematerials.Instepindex
fibre,therefractiveindicesofair,cladding,andcorevaryinstepbystepfashionasshown.
Stepindexfibrecanbestepindexsinglemodeandstepindexmultimode
Stepindexsinglemode:(showninfig.3)
1.Inthisfibre,onlyonemodecanbetransmitted
2.Numericalapertureissmall
3.Bandwidthforthefibreishigh
4.Ithasnointermodaldispersion
5.Itisusedforlonghaulcommunication(longdistance)
6.Itisthemostwidelyusedfibre

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Mohamedsheiksirajuddeen:ClassificationofOpticalfibres

Application:
1.Itusedinsubmarinecablingsystems
2.Itisusedasunderseacablesandastelephonelines
StepindexMultimode:
1.Manymodesaretransmitted
2.corediameterandNAislarger
3.Bandwidthiscomparativelyless
4.Ithashighattenuation(losses)
5.Handlingandoperatingwiththefibreiseasy
Application:
Itisusedwidelyasdatalinkcables.
(referfig.2forstepindexmultimodediagramgivenabove)
i)Gradedindexfibre

Inthisfibre,therefractiveindexofthecorevariesradiallyfromtheaxisofthefibre.Therefractive
indexofthecoreismaximumalongthefibreaxisandisgraduallydecreasingtowardsthecore
claddinginterface.
Gradedindexfibreisavailableonlyasgradedindexmultimode.Atypicalfibrehascorediametere
of50200microns.Ithasindetermediatebandwidthandlessattenuation.Thereisnointermodal
dispersionduetovaryingref.indexatcoresurface.
Application:
Itisusedinmediumrangecommunications,medicalfieldandinindustries.

Postedbymohamedsheiksirajuddeenat10:38PM

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