Central Nervous system and Special Senses Questions

Long Answer type

1.Pyramidal tract. Differences between UMN and LMN lesion
2.Anterior spinothalamic tract
3.Lateral spinothalamic tract..thalamic syndrome
4.Dorsal column pathway.
5.Connections and functions of hypothalamus
6.Connections and functions of cerebellum. Cerebellar disorders
7.Connections and functions of basal ganglia
8.Organisation and functions of Limbic system
9.Visual pathway. Effect of lesions at different places
10.Auditory pathway. Theories of hearing.
Short Answer type
1.Sensory receptors
2.Adequate stimulus
3.Transient receptor potential(TRP)
4.Pacinian corpuscle diagram
5.Generator or receptor or graded potential
6.Generation of receptor potential
7.Differences between graded and action potential
8.Sensory Adaptation
9.Phasic and tonic sensory receptors
10.Doctrine of specific energies
11.Law of Projection
12.Phantom limb
13.Weber Fechner law
14.Sensory units
15.Receptive fields
16.reflex arc
17.Bell Magendie law
18.Monosynaptic reflex diagram + example (stretch reflex)
19.Muscle spindle diagram
20.Reaction time
21.Central delay
22.Physiologic tremor
23.- linkage

24.Jendrassiks maneuver(physiological basis)

25.Reciprocal innervations
26.Inverse stretch reflex(autogenic inhibition)
27.Muscle tone
28.Lengthening reaction X clasp knife effect
29.Clonus
30.Withdrawal reflex
31.Reverberating circuits
32.Spinal animal
33.Recruitment of motor unit
34.Local sign
35.Occlusion
36.Mass reflex
37.Dorsal column lemniscal system
38.Cross section of spinal cord showing location of various pathway
39.Properties of reflexes.
40.Sensory homunculus
41.Cortical plasticity
42.Degenerins
43.Capsaicin
44.Gate theory of pain
45.Vanilloid receptors
46.Muscle pain
47.Referred pain
48.Dermatomal rule
49.Stress analgesia
50.Hyperalgesia
51.Allodynia
52.Causalgia
53.Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
54.Anterolateral cordotomy
55.Sensationof Itch & tickle
56.Two point discrimination
57.Stereognosis
58.Glaucoma
59.Layers of retina-diagram
60.Blindspot.
61.Rods and cones-diagram ,differences
62.Scotopic vision & photopic vision
63.Duplicity theory

64.Accomodation(Emmetropic eye)
65.Accomodation reflex
66.Presbyopia
67.Near response
68.Pupillary light reflex
69.Consensual light reflex
70.Argyll Robertson pupil
71.Reduced or schematic eye
72.Nodal point or optic center of the eye
73.Hyperopia
74.Myopia
75.Astigmatism
76.Strabismus
77.Rhodopsin cycle
78.Steps involved in photo transduction in rods
79.Lateral inhibition in retina
80.Electro retinogram
81.Primary visual cortex
82.Young Helmholtz theory
83.Rayleigh match
84.Colour blindness
85.Dark adaptation
86.Light adaptation
87.Night blindness(Nyctalopia)
88.Visual acuity
89.Critical fusion frequency(CFF)
90.Diplopia
91.Effect of lesions on the optic pathway
92.Macular sparing
93.Saccades
94.Smooth pursuit movement of eye
95.Convergence of eye movements
96.Four types of eye movements
97.Suppression scotoma
98.Amblyopia exanopsia.
99.Impedance matching
100.Organ of corti diagram , functions
101.Hair cells-diagram
102.Auditory pathway
103.Masking

104.Human Audibility curve

105.Tymphanic reflex
106.Travelling waves
107.Sound localization
108.Audiometry
109.Deafness
110.Presbycusis
111.Pendreds syndrome
112.Nystagmus
113.Baranys caloric stimulation
114.VOR(vestibule ocular reflex)
115.Motion sickness
116.Vomeronasal organ
117.Taste bud-diagram
118.Taste pathway
119.Electroencephalogram(EEG)
120.Sleep patterns REM and NREM sleep
121.Thalamocortical oscillations
122.Bruxism
123.Insomnia
124.Nocturnal enuresis
125.Somnambulism
126.Corticobulbar tract
127.Corticospinal tract
128.Spinal Shock
129.Decubitus ulcers
130.Decerebrate rigidity
131.Magnet reaction
132.Decorticate rigidity
133.Tonic labrynthine reflexes
134.Vestibular placing reactions
135.Labrynthine righting reflexes
136.Functions of Basal ganglia
137.Huntingtons disease
138.Parkinsons disease(paralysis agitans)
139.Rigidity
140.Intention tremor
141.Decompostion of movement
142.Leptin
143.Thirst mechanism

144.OVLT(Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis)

145.Vasopressin
146.Oxytocin
147.SIADH(syndrome of inappropriate hyper secretion of anti diuretic hormone)
148.Diabetes insipidus
149.Nephrogenic diabetes
150.Milk ejection reflex