LAPORAN INDUSTRI PROSES

Lab Report (Conductometry Titration)

Oleh:
Fitri Nafisa (151424013)
Nurlailatush Sholihah(151424021)

PROGRAM STUDI DIV-TEKNIK KIMIA PRODUKSI BERSIH

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA
POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG
2016

I.

Introduction
Titration is the a method of determining the concentration of an unknown solution
(the analyte) by reacting it completely with a standardized reagent that is a solution of
known concentration (the titrant).
Conductometry titration is one of various types of titration. The different between
conductometry titration and volumetric titration is how to determine the equivalence point
of the solution. If using volumetric titration, the equivalence point is known when it
changes color when the substance is in equilibrium. Indicators are used to make it easier to
see the substance has reached the equivalence, while equivalence point of conductometry
titration can be determined from the conductivity of solution that measured and this
titration not use indicators.

II.

Aims
Do conductometry titration
To determine equivalence point
To determine concentrations of solution

III.

Principle / Theory of Conductometry Titration

3.1
Conductometry
Conductance (G) ease with which current flows per unit area of conductor per unit
potential applied & is reciprocal to resistance (R).
G = 1/R
Specific conductance (K): conductance of the body of uniform length(l) & uniform area
cross section(A)
III.2

G =1 R = K x 1 A

Conductometry Titration
Conductometry titration is related with electrical conductivity, so will be related

with the presence of ions in solution which serves to conduct electric current in the
solution. This electric current can not be passed through a solution that is not contained
ions, so that the non-electrolyte solution can not conduct electricity. Conductometry
titration is also highly correlated with the concentration and temperature of the solution to
be determined the power supply. So that the temperature of the solution must be kept in a
state of constant, if the temperature is change, it will affect if a great concentration that

should have a great conductivity but it resulting the smaller vealue of the conductivity
because the temperature goes down. So that the ions in solution can not stir freely.
Types of conductometry titration divided into six types, they are: Acid base or
neutral titrations, Replacement or displacement titrations, Redox titrations, Precipitation
titrations, Complexometric titrations and Non-aqueous titrations.
The example of typical Acid base or neutral titrations:

Strong acis- strong base ( HCl vs NaOH )

Strong acid-weak base ( HCl vs NH4OH )

Weak acid-Strong base ( CH3COOH vs NaOH )

Weak acid- weak base ( CH3COOH vs NH4OH )

III.3

Principle of Conductometry Titration

The principle of conductometry titration is based on the fact that during the

titration, one of the ions is replaced by the other and invariably these two ions differ in the
ionic conductivity with the result that conductivity of the solution varies
Tools
Materials
Conductometer 660
KCl 0,1 M of Solution
Electrode of Immersion Cell
Natrium Hydroxide 0,1 N
Beaker Glass 100 mL
Hydrochloric Acid 0,1 N
Spray Bottle
Asetic Acid 0,1 N
Magnetic Stirrer
Oxalic Acid
Burette
Hotplate Stirrer
change in conductance as a function of the volume of titrant added.
IV.

Tools and Materials

V.

Procedures & Critical Steps

during the course

of titration. The
equivalence
point

may

be

located
graphically

by

plotting

the

A. Calibrate electrode and conductometer

Press on/off bottom on the conductometer

Put immersion cell electrode into socket in back of conductometer

Set the constant cell which is appropriate with the electrode

Set the temperature coefficient at a value of 2

Set FREQ in 2 KHz, TEMP in Pt 100 , RANGE in fixed

Dip the electrode in a solution of 0.1 M KCL

SetPress
up equipment
asread
shown
in the picture
Picture
temp bottom,
the temperature
and set(the
value 1 )
Fill burette with sodium hydroxide
Set bottom COND, specify the specific conductivity which is appropriate to the temperature
Put
5 mLinof
chloride
solution
glass
Spin Course
bottom
off
positionacid
and change
the 0,1
valueNofinto
Cellbeaker
Constant
until COND
display show the value that we want (like step 8)
Dip electrode to the solution
Press Stand by bottom (electrode and conductometer have been calibrated)
Write the first the specific conductivity ( press COND bottom ) before do
the titration
Lift electrode, wash and dry it
Titrate until it is finish. ( write the conductivity types value that shown on
the device)
If the titrate have done, press stand by bottom, wash and dry the
electrode
B. Conductometry Titration
Make the curve between specific conductivity and volume of sodium
hydroxide titrant
Specify the equivalence point and then specify the concentrations of
solution
Repeat step 2 until step 9 for asetic acid 0,1 N

( Picture 1 )

VI.

Result
A. Standardization NaOH

Mass of Oxcalic
Volume
Oxalic acid concentration
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

NaOH (mL)
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5

: 0.63 gr
: 100 mL
: 0.1 N
K (mS/cm)
4.00
3.93
3.84
3.69
3.60
3.49
3.45
3.36
3.30
3.18
3.31
3.36
3.43
3.53
3.60
3.68
3.77
3.85
3.89
3.96
3.05
4.11
4.20
4.22

B. Determination concentration of HCl

NO

Volume NaOH (mL)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20

Konduktivitas
(ms/cm)
9.76
9.64
9.55
9.33
9.04
8.81
8.37
7.96
7.59
7.22

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25
25.5
26
26.5
27
27.5
28
28.5
29
29.5
30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35

8.81
6.41
5.99
3.05
3.42
3.48
3.55
4.01
4.48
4.64
4.97
5.33
5.57
5.71
5.85
6.16
6.27
6.39
6.53
6.65
6.77
6.88
6.97
7.09
7.17
7.27
7.35
7.49
7.55
7.63

C. Determination concentration of CH3COOH 0.1 N

No.

Volume NaOH (mL)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5

Konduktivitas
(mS/cm)
6.04
6.04
5.71
5.66
5.38
5.26
5.26
5.1
4.94

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5

4.86
4.76
4.57
4.43
4.23
4.03
3.87
3.67
3.49
3.35
3.28
3.28
3.33
3.4
3.48
3.55
3.65
3.72
3.81
3.84

A. Graphic determination concentration of NaOH

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
Konductivity (mS/cm)

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
6

10

12

14

Volume NaOH (mL)

16

18

20

B. Graphic determination concentration of HCl

12
10
8

konductivity (mS/cm)

6
4
2
0
10

15

20

25

30

Volume NaOH (mL)

C. Graphic determination concentration of CH3COOH

35

40

7
6
5
4
konductivity (mS/cm)

3
2
1
0
2

10

12

14

Volume NaOH (mL)

Calculation Data
a. Determination concentration of NaOH
NNaOH . VNaOH =

Nasam oksalat . Vasam oksalat

NNaOH . 11.5 mL

NNaOH

0.1739 N

0.1 N . 20 mL

b. Determination concentration of HCl

NHCl. VHCl

NNaOH . VNaOH

NHCl . 30 mL

0.1739 N . 22 mL

NHCl .

0.1275 N

c. Determination concentration of CH3COOH

NCH3COOH .VCH3COOH

NCH3COOH . 25mL
NCH3COOH

NNaOH . VNaOH
=

0.09 N

0.1739 N . 13 mL

16

18

20

VII.

Disscusion
In this practice of Conductometry titration is a method to determine the end point
of titration of a solution based on ion capabilities in delivering an electrical charge between
two electrodes (HIMATEK, POLBAN 2014). The electrode used in this experiment is an
immersion cell electrode. Each material is measured the conductivity to know its ability to
generate free ions in the material properties that are known to conduct electricity (HIMKA,
POLBAN 2012)
Before measurement , the tools must be calibrated first to set the cell constant in
accordance with electrodes that are used and to reduce the error reading to get the accuracy
result. In the calibration process is done by dipping the electrode into the KCl solution 0.1
M, because the KCl solution 0,1 M has conductivity value that are known in various
temperature, so the cell constant can be determined. From the result of calibration obtained
cell constant of 0.81 Cm-1 and conductivity of 12.58 mS/Cm in temperature 26 celcius
degree. But based on the table, relation of temperature with the conductivity type at the
temperature 260 that the value is 13.13 mS/Cm. Cell constant that already determined on
the calibrating arent changed in the experiment, because the conductivity of the solution
depend on the value of cell constant.
After calibrated, then measure the electrolyte solution which the compound capable
of ionizing on the solvent. This experiment are used few types of solution such as Oxalic
Acid 0.1 N to standardized the NaOH, solution of HCl 0.1 N and CH3COOH 0.1 N.
Standardization of NaOH with oxalic acid aims to know the sure concentration of
NaOH, because theres a possibility of NaOH being hygroscopic or easy to catch water
vapor and water if it left too long it might change the concentration. Based on the
experiment, obtained the concentration of NaOH 0,1739 N. This concentration is different
with the concentration that were on the table (0.1 N).
After standardized the solution of NaOH, then do the titration with NaOH solution
as the titrant, which the titrant was HCl solution 0.1 N. Before starting the titration first
check the conductivity type of HCl and the result is 0.82 mS/cm. In this process, mix the
solution with magnetic stirrer to get the optimal conductivity type so the ions spread
evenly.

From

the conductometric titration of NaOH HCl obtained the conductivity

solution each added 0.5 mL NaOH, after that make a graphic so the shape of the curve
seems like the V letter. This shape signify that at the first of the titration, the solution
conductivity tend to diminish and after passed the equivalent point, the conductivity tend to
increase. This because before the NaOH added, in the solution contain the H + ions and Clthat each of it has their own value of the molar conductivity. Before the equivalent point,
the amount of H+ in the solution diminish because it H2O formed by ion OH-, while the
amount of NaOH increases because of the addition. Na + has a molar conductivity value
smaller than H+ so the total conductivity value from the solution goes down. On the end
point of titration, H+ on the solution has reacted completely with OH-, by added more
NaOH will increase the total conductivity value of the solution, because the molar
conductivity of OH- are bigger. From the graphic, obtained a equivalent point on volume
22 mL, so it get the concentration of HCl solution 0.1275 N (it different with the
concentration that written in the label).
After that, do the titration on CH3COOH solution 0.1 N, the first conductivity type of
this solution is 0.51 mS/cm, write the date every 0.5 mL of NaOH added then make a curve
to know the equivalent point easily. Equivalent point happened when the volume of NaOH
hit 13 mL, so it can make easier to count the concentration of CH 3COOH solution, it is
0.09 N (the concentration is different with the concentration that has written on the label).
The difference that obtained from each solution with concentration on the label
might not right. This happened because while making the solution then there was
something wrong, resulting the difference of the concentration.
The result of measure the conductivity value, each solution has different K values,
on strong electrolyte solution (HCl) obtain a big value of K, this because HCl can be
ionized perfectly on the solvent resulting the big value on the conductivity. While on weak
electrolyte solution (CH3COOH) the ionized isnt going perfectly so resulting the
conductivity value smaller than HCL.
Conclusion :
1. Do the calibration on the device before doing the titration of conductometry

2. Conductivity value of HCl solution is bigger than the conductivity value of CH 3COOH
solution
3. Conductivity value of HCl solution and CH 3CHOOH solution are 0.82 mS/cm and 0.51
mS/cm
4. Make the curve of conductivity type against the titrant volume of NaOH to get the
equivalen point.
5. The concentration of NaOH based on the experiment is 0.1739 N on NaOH volume 11.5
mL. concentration of HCl is 0.1275 N on NaOH volume 22 mL and concentration of
CH3COOH is 0.09 N on NaOH volume 13 mL.

Sources
Aji, David Wibawa. t.t. PPT Konduktometri. https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/davidwiba
waaji/ppt-konduktometri[11 Maret 2016]
HIMATEK POLBAN. 2014. Konduktometri. https://himatekpolban-official.blogspot.co.id[18
Maret 2016]
HIMKA POLBAN. 2012. Pengukuran TDS dan Konduktometri. https://www.himka1polban.
wordpress.com/laporan/elektroanalisis/pengukuran-tds-dan-konduktometri/[18 Maret 2016]
Lestari, Listiana. t.t. Potensiometri dan Konduktometri. https://www.academia.edu/12184073/
Penentuan_konsentrasi_NaOH_HCl_dan_Ka_asam_asetat_menggunakan_metode
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http://www.vrml.k12.la.us/rpautz/documents/Chemistry/ConductometricTitration.pdf
http://www.tau.ac.il/~chemlaba/Files/conductometry-titrations.pdf
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