Main components

Refrigeration & Air conditioning

Copyright marzo de 2016 por TECSUP

Introduction
Can we install a refrigeration system?

http://bajaheatingandac.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/07/Heat-pump-repair300x200.jpg

Outcomes
Identify the main components of the system and

their respective functions

Select the main components in according the
thermal capacity of the system

ndex
Outcomes
1. Compressors

2. Expansion devices
3. Evaporators
4. Condensers
Bibliography

1- Compressor
1.1 Classification: According to its operation
principle

Positive displacement
Reciprocating compressors.

Wide range of cooling capacities (1/8 - 100 HP)

Wide range of applications
http://www.antartic.cl/media/reciprocating_download.swf

Rotary compressors.
Suitable for air conditioning

Vane compressor
Scroll

http://www.antartic.cl/media/scroll_download.swf

Classification
1.1-According to its operation principle
Screw compressor (industrial)

High capacity (100 a 700 ton)

No used for low capacity of refrigeration

Reaction compressors
Centrifugal compressors(industrial)
Turbomachinery
Continuous flow
From 80 to 8000 tons of capacity

Classification
1.2-According the assembling

Hermetic compressors
Electric motor and compressor are mounting as
a sealed unit
Wide range of applications (small and medium
capacities)
In advance, do not allow the internal
mechanical maintenance (no demountable)

Classification
1.2-According the assembling

Semi-hermethic
Electric motor and compressor are mounting as

a sealed unit
Allow internal maintenance (demountable)
Normally for medium capacities

Classification
1.2-According the assembling

Open compressors
Electrical
motor separated from the
compressor
Direct coupling of the motor or by pulley and
belt transmission
Allows internal maintenance (demountable)
Usually used in medium and high capacities
(hasta 100 HP)

Clasificacion
1.2- According the assembling

(continuacin)
Fell into disuse in small applications
Allows to change the velocity and so its
operation capacity.
Usual leakage of refrigerant in the mechanical
seal

2- Expansion devices
2.1-The expansion process

When the fluid flows through a piping it loses

pressure due to a severe constriction that

undergoes. By the first law of thermodynamics
for open processes systems: Q=H + W
If we consider that the constriction is made in a

completely insulated environment:

H=0
Then, the process is isoenthalpic

2.2-The expansion device functions

Controls the flow of refrigerant

Generates the high pressure of the cycle

Permit the cooling of refrigerant by the Joule -Thomson

principle
Permit the superheating of refrigerant

http://www.airesacondicionados.info/wpcontent/uploads/2013/09/copp
er-capillary-tube.jpg

https://www.sanhuaeurope.com/upl
oads/images/products/thermalexpansion-valves-rfka-series-1514c5efd3af283.98767611_fill_370
_250.jpg

https://lh3.googleusercontent.c
om/v1NT3oSqnMoBSsr6UiaHyn4w9N6N0v
ZawDdzHoFyQtW6avedQnLyr
cDCKySj35WRBxYYP8=s126

2.3-Thermostatic expansion
valve (TEV)

Sensor bulb location

http://machineryequipmentonline.com/hvacmachinery/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/AirConditioning-Equipment-0370_thumb.jpg

The Thermostatic expansion

valve parts

http://www.waybuilder.net/freeed/Courses/05%20Building%20and%20Contruction/05
0207%20HVAC%20Refrig/Lesson14.gif

How act the valve

Suction line

liquid
Cooled bulb

How act the valve

Suction
line
Capillary
tube

liquid

HEATED BULB

External equalizer expansion valve

Suction line
Capillary tube

Equalizer tube Installation

http://www.achrnews.com/NEWS/2004/39/Files/Images/1
12344.jpg

Refrigerant distributor

http://www.achrnews.com/NEWS/2001/26/Files/I
mages/14805.jpg

Refrigerant distributor

http://www.bcfeurope.com/images/1101_distributori_venturi.jpg

Thermostatic expansion valve

http://img.weiku.com/waterpicture/2011/10/29
/3/Thermostatic_expansion_valve_634594093
510002686_2.JPG

TEV location

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/JYNKxevBbCOVbUYDmm37aR
fgSfOkhUDp8nGOeLai3odxetHbCg6SfMltgNnIncV_oYtM=s96

Dimensioning capillary tubes

Dimensioning capillary tubes

Convertion of capillary diameters

Capilar
D.I.
0.026
Plg.

0.031

0.036

0.042

0.044

0.049

0.050

0.054

0.055

0.024 1.44
0.025 1.20
0.026 1.00

2.24

0.028 0.72

1.50

0.030 0.52

1.16

0.031 0.45

1.00

2.00

0.032

0.86

1.75

0.033

0.75

1.64

0.034

0.65

1.35

0.035

0.58

1.16

2.34

0.036

0.50

1.00

2.10

0.037

0.48

0.90

1.79

2.22

0.038

0.39

0.80

1.59

1.92

0.039

0.35

0.71

1.41

1.75

0.040

0.31

0.62

1.25

1.56

2.56

0.041

0.29

0.56

1.12

1.38

2.26

2.50

0.042

0.25

0.50

1.00

1.24

2.03

2.23

0.043

0.23

0.45

0.87

1.11

1.83

1.98

0.044

0.20

0.39

0.81

1.00

1.62

1.79

0.045

0.36

0.73

0.90

1.47

1.60

2.32

0.046

0.32

0.67

0.82

1.34

1.47

2.07

2.27

0.59

0.74

1.20

1.31

1.89

2.06

0.047

0.059

0.064

0.070

0.07

3- Evaporators and Condensers

NATURAL
CONVECTION

http://player.slideplayer.es/14/4399908/data/ima
ges/img7.jpg

3.1-Finned evaporators
Attached by pressure or welding
Cross section

TYPES OF FINNED TUBES

3.2-Types of static evaporators

INLET

OUTLET

OUTLET
OUTLET

INLET

INLET

INLET
OUTLET
PLATE EVAPORATORS

3.3-Finless evaporator

Semi flooded evaporator

3-4-Dry evaporator

Finless coils

3.5-Submerged evaporator

http://www.precisionspindleinc.com/images/
space_saving_design.gif

3.6-Flooded type evaporator

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/rhqMYBq5JkBHSon0
S4G1cOEuFcnfP_ErwLV5ZcsUBfOQZ6302EFUQM0Glpl
bQ3N_6ckk=s110

3.7-Shell and tube type evaporator

https://encryptedtbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQZUKKvf9hp4
_FqjZFMuwfI0G-uCJG6Bkb9B_4kDKbPaxOB_T6dGQ

3.8-Fan coil evaporator

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/L4014yfbrl13
1lK92LLtJW7JGDDkFVcMFXPrVTMeb2B_LscNvPX5Wgd
AKmpTtB86e3F=s114

4-Condenser
4.1-Concentric Tube Condenser

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/CbofTEmdiNX5cT
kGLBfM82y86NaG_0cSvjL_3xHb5zY0nsdJimnYORn
5Rl6ND0pogAnVr-8=s128

4.2-Water multi tubular

condenser

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/9GBek4
eo8zLGNQTH4_YiAfdC3Z0NZ9OEnG_gbc
T1F4hrxsPrskKySIMv06yPFC5Di7View=s1
70

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/z7sLn1x9nqxIbQTuWVZWKlw8SNTMB6ya1xgXEe0
fjTulQRMbxApd8usQcDNmGIQbXkxSQ=s114

4.3- Vertical air forced convection

http://www.mokon.com/aboutmokon/releases/mokon-announces-newoutdoor-air-cooled-condensers-for-portablecentral-chillers/outdoor.jpg

Solenoids valves

https://encryptedtbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTb_
DXEyykES-WYpo0ewAhEop3OsFs9pEccGB6Gd5MLzx_90zZ

Reciprocating compressor

http://www.zoombd24.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/aircompressor.jpg

Rotary vane compressor

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c
ommons/thumb/2/2d/Rotary_vane_pum
p.svg/200pxRotary_vane_pump.svg.png

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Kn
oMYrNoEcyXU2FCypPH2leDKat2nA
TOH21IyAwMkArldbmtYeqwvV5XLkA
kMmnumaTiYe8=s85

Rotary vane compressor

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qjfmaGawmmQ/THv7
mSmdcZI/AAAAAAAAAA0/pf045IBHnaE/s1600/
Compresores4.bmp

Rotary excentric compressor

http://www.blog.simec.biz/wpcontent/uploads/2014/08/comp_2.jpg

Scroll compressor

https://lh3.googleusercontent
.com/f1NBoCYY2inNrxS6a7GR5aJX0n
PVkKbRQjQwB1bcAQ9RQMdzeJp4oGNmjb84hAO4
KYjA=s85

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_tNDQnIGR8GA/S8WO
wen6dXI/AAAAAAAAADI/yOWs0PMcdRQ/s160
0/scroll+operating+principle1.png

Hermetic compressor

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/SbEO0eqKVT
eBhn4xAcymQsbAqMzWdu6giiF8fP_iWnUwExC
mEkGrdIeh_znt6hsgNmvB=s85

https://encryptedtbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9Gc
RnMvVNuppwTWCJQgZoNWrN4IJn1JI
HKZ_87EsFSuFqi_IVXJW9F8ky

Semi-hermetic compressor

https://encryptedtbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQOMLF3PeotrkQBDqkLMkt3g0-H8Epg99MpD9-dYO3XnJP3deFsozhaM

Semi-hermetic compressor

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/_THV9TgyiIYEB_ICf6ORpn4J6M2
HgJwH_4Tdu6DOrXnJKxTM831ICFxlz_1LjV5DGr1P=s136

Open compressor

https://encryptedtbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ
vFdWRV97XiNemaLEEY3R8PbTzsSX3oj
heDJkOwyur0vHNyRasTU_2

Screw compressor

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/lt3SpYN81rcZiSG30JjFA84QLzA1Db7QV66s_Ml5mKilgVqS6wVupsIIaPhqymBmHIIdg=s121

Centrifugal compressor

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/h1JoZr7wfgW
1jZc8QG6KgV8cD5DTiEpfZeh2yLQvgbj9X0QaV
jeGOz6I62ecFetDNqCy=s136

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/oVcdc
VFPSxzvOzJK3NxEas9QzGUYthYhoh1GDdYMm6_
np148SqutG8g-B-nxx8UUnkIhq0=s85

Bibliography
Dossat, Roy (1980) Principios de refrigeracin. Mxico

D.F.: Continental S.A. (621.56/D93)

Withman, William (2003) Tecnologa de la refrigeracin y

aire acondicionado . Madrid: Paraninfo. (621.56/W54/t.1)

Withman, William (2003) Tecnologa de la refrigeracin y

aire acondicionado: refrigeracin comercial II. Madrid:

Paraninfo. (621.56/W54/t.2)