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A Hybrid Technique Based on Combining Fuzzy Kmeans Clustering and Region Growing for Improving
Gray Matter and White Matter Segmentation
Ashraf Afifi
Computer Engineering Dept.,
Faculty of Computers and Information Technology
Taif University
Taif, KSA
I.
INTRODUCTION
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ki1 vi X
vi v j , ij
Start
III.
Stop
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i 1
j 1
J uijm d ij
(1)
u
i 1
ij
1,
(2)
j 1,......., N .
1
1
k
1
(3)
uij (dij ) m 1 ( ) m 1
i 1 d ij
positive number.
3) Compute the center for each cluster using Eq.(4) to
obtain a new set of cluster representatives SC p1 ,
N
c j( p)
u
i 1
N
m
ij
u
i 1
xi
Gn Gx Gy
2
/ kGmax
Such that 0 Gn 1
Where Gx is the horizontal gradient component, Gy is the
vertical gradient component; k is the constant parameter which
controls the region grow, and Gmax is the largest gradient
magnitude present in the image.
(4)
m
ij
Such that
If
C j ( P) C j ( p 1) for j 1 to k ,
then
stop,
where
C j ( P) C j ( p 1) for j 1 to k , 0
is a very small positive number.
0 Gm 1
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Pop location
Mark location as region
(5)
(6)
Ri , i 1,2,3,....., k
For i=1 to k
For j=2 to k
End
x,y-1
x,y
x,y+1
x+1,y-1
x+1,y
x+1,y+1
End For
End;
Numerical results
For example, if one has a 7x7 discrete image F on the
square grid (see Figure 3(a)). We can apply our algorithm as
the following:
Step1:According to the fuzzy k-means clustering algorithm,
we can divide the image F into six clusters with centers
(1,32,53,29,77,2) as shown in figure (3(b,c,d,e,f,g)).
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(a)
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(d)
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(e)
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(f)
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(g)
obtain six regions R1,R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 as shown in figure
(4(a,b,c,d,e,f)).
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(a)
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R
2,1
2,3
2,4
2,5
2,6
SENS
0
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SPEC
0.31
1
0.93
0.51
0.25
R
5,1
5,2
5,3
5,4
5,6
SENS
0
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(a)
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4,1
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SPEC
0.5
0.574
1
0.58
0.31
R
3,1
3,2
3,4
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SENS
0
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SPEC
0.58
0.58
0.92
0.51
0.966
R
6,1
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SENS
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(b)
SENS
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SPEC
0.57
0.574
0.93
0.92
0.93
(c)
(e)
SPEC
1
0.31
0.93
0.25
0.966
(f)
(f)
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(d)
IV.
(b)
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SPEC
0.5
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0.31
0.58
1
Figure 3.The fuzzy k-means clustering, (a) Original image, and (c-g)
clusters
1
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SENS
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(c)
(b)
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EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
A Aref
A Aref
(7)
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V.
A. Experiment on MRIs
The original image size is 129 129 pixels, as shown in
Fig. 7 obtained from the classical simulated brain. We apply
our technique to segment images generated at various noise
levels (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%).We generate various
inhomogeneities and boundary weakness by controlling noise
and RF levels (0% and 20%) respectively.
Table I shows the score S of WM using our technique at
various noise and RF levels. These results show that our
algorithm is very robust to noise and intensity; homogeneities
and inhomogeneities. The best S is achieved for low noise and
low RF, for which values of S are higher than 0.97.
TABLE I
Noise/RF
0%
1%
3%
5%
7%
9%
THE SCORE S OF WM
0
0.97
0.96
0.94
0.90
0.88
0.85
20%
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.84
0.80
B. Comparative results
In this section, we compare the performance of our
technique with two recent methods: Del-Fresno et al. [19] and
Yu et al. [20] techniques which gave good results in brain
segmentation. The segmentation results of these algorithms are
presented in Figs.(6a), (6b), and (6c) respectively. The
performance of each segmentation method on this dataset is
reported in Table 2.
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[6]
Noise
RF
Proposed method
Del-Fresno et al.[3]
Yu et al.[6]
3%
0%
0.94
0.94
0.90
20%
0.93
0.89
0.90
CONCLUSION
6%
0%
0.92
0.91
0.88
20%
0.85
0.84
0.83
[4]
[5]
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