TOPIC 2 PROPOSAL

The Comparison Of Dynamic Response Between Different Temperature

Measuring Devices
KOD KURSUS

BDA 27501

NAMA KURSUS

ENGINEERING LABORATORY IV

FAKULTI

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND

MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
1.
2.

LAW JIA YEE (AD140201)

INTAN FARISHA BINTI RAMLI
(CD140200)
3. MASRIZA BINTI MUSTAFA KAMAL
(AD140092)
4. LIM CHANG CHU (AD140215)
5. LOH HOE TING (AD140210)

NAMA PELAJAR

SEKSYEN

SEKYEN 9

NAMA PENSYARAH

Encik Hanis Bin Zakaria

TARIKH HANTAR

24-03-2016

MARKAH
TUGASAN

TOPIC 2 : THE COMPARISON OF DYNAMIC RESPONSE BETWEEN DIFFERENT

TEMPERATURE MEASURING DEVICES.

Learning Outcomes

After finish of this experiment, students will be able to:

1.) Differentiate between the different types of temperature measuring devices from each
different dynamic response by using a mercury glass thermometer as the standard
reference.
a. Resistance temperature detector
b. Thermocouple
c. Thermistor temperature indicator (up to 100C)
d. Bimetallic temperature indicator
2.) Differentiate the accuracy level and precision between difference temperature
measuring devices.
3.) Understand the basic knowledge for example limitations of some temperature
measuring devices.

Objectives

1. To determine which temperature measuring devices is more suitable and appropriate for
certain conditions.
2. To determine and compare the sensitivity for each temperature measuring devices.
3. To compare the relative accuracy and precision of each temperature measuring devices to a
standard temperature measuring instrument.

Skills

In this experiment, several numbers of equipment and common methods used in

measuring temperature will be tested. The apparatus are equipped with a variety of
temperature measuring devices such as thermocouples, resistance temperature detector,
bimetallic temperature indicator and thermistor temperature indicator.
We will use first-order models to approximate the response of a thermometer, a
thermocouple, and a thermistor to temperature inputs. Each of these temperature measuring
devices will measure temperature in different way based on different dynamic responses.
i.
ii.
iii.

iv.
v.

vi.
vii.

Thermometer should remain long enough in the water bath to ensure that it comes to
thermal equilibrium at the temperature which is being measured.
All temperature measuring devices must leave long enough in the water bath to ensure
thermal equilibrium between them and the objects.
When measuring temperature of water bath, sensor part of temperature measuring
devices must avoid touch to the wall of water bath which can direct to incorrect
results.
The sensor part of each temperature measuring devices must touch to the object when
measuring the temperature.
A thermocouple consists of two wires of different metals joined at one end (the
junction). When a voltage is applied across the free ends of the two wires, the
differing properties of the wires create an induced voltage that it proportional to the
temperature change at the junction. We must be very careful when using
thermocouple to avoid electric shock during the experiment.
A thermistor is a thermally sensitive resistor. It is respond inversely to the
temperature. For example, temperature increases as the resistance decreases.
Limitation of each temperature measuring devices need to be known to prevent
broken of the devices.

Materials
Temperature Measuring Apparatus P4810
1. Thermocouples

2. Resistance temperature detector

3. Bimetallic temperature indicator

4. Mercury Glass Thermometer

5. Cussons P4810 Temperature Measuring Apparatus

Resistance
Thermometer
Input

Resistance
Thermometer
(ohms x10 /mV)

NiCr/NiAi Type
K
Thermocouple

6.

Power
Furnace

Water Bath

Scopes

The scope of our experiment is the dynamic response of temperature measuring

devices. Dynamic response in temperature measuring devices refers to the motion of the fluid
contained in the device which is sensitive to temperature changes. In short, it is the change of
a certain output caused by a changed of a certain input.
This experiment only carry out in power generation lab. It involves Temperature
Measuring Apparatus P4810 which are thermocouples, resistance temperature detector,
bimetallic temperature indicator and thermistor temperature indicator. There are two tests for
each device which involves water bath and metal furnace block except thermistor temperature
indicator.
In this experiment. The input is heat and the output is the temperature change and
different dynamic responses of each temperature measuring devices. Thermistor temperature
indicator cannot be used in the metal furnace block because it is limited to 150C only.
Mercury Thermometers cover a wide temperature range from 37 C (34.6 F) to 356 C
(672.8 F)

Theory

Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is. In specifically, a measure

of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object, which is a type of energy
associated with motion.
All matter is made of particles which is atoms or molecules that are in constant
motion. Because the particles are in motion, they have kinetic energy. The faster the particles
are moving, the more kinetic energy they have. The more kinetic energy the particles of an
object have, the higher is the temperature of the object.

Besides that, temperature also is an average measure for a group of particles. Particles
of matter are constantly moving, but they don't all move at the same speed and in the same
direction all the time. Figure above shows the motion of the particles is random. The particles
of matter in an object move in different directions, and some particles move faster than
others. As a result, some particles have more kinetic energy than others. An object's
temperature is the best approximation of the kinetic energy of the particles. By measuring an
object's temperature, we are actually measure the average kinetic energy of the particles in
the object.
The higher the temperature, the faster the molecules of the substance move, on the
average. For example, dyes will spread more rapidly through hot water than cold water. This
is because of the increased motion of the molecules. Under given conditions, the
temperatures of 10-ml and 100-ml samples of boiling water are equal. This means that the
average kinetic energy of the molecules is the same for the two different quantities of water.
As heat is added to a substance, the molecules move more rapidly. This increased
motion causes a small increase in the volume, or amount of space, taken up by most
materials. Temperature measuring devices are using the expansion of a substance to give an
indirect measure of temperature.
Others measuring devices is detect electric resistances of an object to measuring its
temperature because increase in temperature will increase the resistances. As the temperature
increase, the kinetic energy of particles also increase, the increase of vibration between all
particles made the electric current hard to pass through it and thus increase its resistances.

Procedure
Safety Preparation before experiment
1. Please wear thick plastic glove and apron when conducting this experiment to avoid
hot water damage to our skin.

2. Make sure wearing protective glasses when reading the scale of thermometer to avoid
hot steam damage to our eyes.

3. Prepare a bowl which can used to pow out the hot water and some distilled water and
ice which can help u cool down the water.

Preparation of equipment:
1. Distilled water is used to prepare the water bath. The water is added into the tanker on
top of the machine and cover it by thermistor temperature indicator.
2. The power switch is turned on and let the machine is warmed up.
3. Turn on the water bath function on machine and the temperature of the thermistor
temperature indicator is set to 45C so the water bath will started to heat until this
temperature.
4. A NiCr/NiAi type K thermocouple is connected to the thermocouple instruments
direct input connection and then plug the resistance temperature detector into the
socket.
5. A mercury glass thermometer is gently took out from its container and make sure the
o ring rubber is on it.

Procedures (Water Bath)

1.

When the temperature of the water bath is stabled, Mercury of (-5C and 105C)
thermometer is inserted in the left hand hole in the lid while bimetallic temperature

2.

indicator is inserted in the right hand hole in the lid.

When inserted mercury thermometer taking care to position the O ring on the

3.

thermometer stem in order to achieve the correct immersion depth of 100mm.

After both the temperature measuring devices is inserted, the stopwatch is started to

4.

run.
The temperature of both temperature measuring devices are recorded every 15

5.

seconds until three continuous same temperature reading are recorded.

Both the temperature indicators are taken away and the type K thermocouple and the

6.

resistance temperature detector are inserted into the water bath.

The temperature of both temperature indicators are recorded every 15 seconds until

7.

three continuous same temperature reading are recorded.

The procedure at steps 1-6 is repeated by change the temperature setting of the

8.

thermistor temperature indicator to 65C and 85C.

The reading of resistance temperature indicator is in ohm unit, so the temperature

9.

reading of this devices is calculated in calculation part.

Every reading of temperature measuring devices for every 15 seconds are recorded in

10.

table.
Three graphs of different temperature against time and a bar chart of temperature
difference against type of devices are drawn.