ALFOplus

Access Link Full Outdoor

with Adaptative Code Modulation
Full IP Radio - Point to Point Radio Link
Copyright Siae Microelettronica S.p.a.
1

ALFOPlus Connectors
LAN 2

LAN 1

(Supervision port)

(Traffic port)

Status LED

Auxiliary
cable

Auxiliary port

F03594
it can be provided poe and
aux at same time

Power Over Ethernet

only in Lan1
There are two
available versions for
ALFOPlus: Gigabit
Electrical (GE) and
Gigabit Optical (GO)
with SFP modules
(Lan1 SFP and Lan2 Rj45 with
POE).

PRx (dBm)

VRssi (Volt)
Voltage
Antenna
alignment

Aux Power Supply

48 Volt

Serial Console
(HyperTerminal)
2
115200 8-N-1-N

ODU polarisation

Use Silicon oil around O-Ring in order to avoid that the rubber is dried and water, sand, dust could enter into the waveguide.

Polarisation reference
when use the coupler

Polarisation reference
when use the coupler

Do not remove the protective film

ODU pole mounting

Tighten the 4 screws in order crossed, first on one diagonal and after on the other. Use oil ant-seizing between
the threads of nuts and bolts because often lack of lubrication could cause metal parts seized together.

1+0 Integrated Antenna

STANDARD POLE
MOUNTING KIT

1+1 Integrated Antenna

STANDARD POLE
MOUNTING KIT

2
1- In the top of Antenna, remove the tape and plug the cap.
2- In the bottom of Antenna, remove the cap to drain out
the water or Humidity.

ODU pole mounting

1+0 Not Integrated Antenna
STANDARD POLE
MOUNTING KIT

1+1 Not Integrated Antenna

STANDARD POLE
MOUNTING KIT

Configuration

User: SYSTEM
Pass: SIAEMICR

SCT distr. 4.7.4

Web Lct Console

Press Double click

HyperTerminal Connection
Press Enter
In capitol letter type
login: SYSTEM

Password: SIAEMICR

type config if you want modify or

change the BOOT parameters...

With auxiliary cable

F03594 Serial Console
115200bps 8-N-1-N
9

Rescue Connection with SCT

1 Assign a static IP address to PC (172.20.253.14/16)
ALFOPLUS RESCUE IP ADDRESS: 172.20.253.13
SUBNET MASK: 255.255.0.0
2 Connect your PC directly to ALFOplus with a LAN
direct-cable

3 With SCT, connect using Local Area

Network, press connect button, type in
equipment IP address 172.20.253.13, user:
System, Password: siaemicr and press Rescue
button

4 Follow the instruction of rescue login

5 In Rescue Connection mode it is
possible to set or to recover the values
for management normal access.

WEBLCT
SIAEMICR

Username:
RLOM
Password:
SIAEMICR

WEB Local Craft

Terminal is
similar at SCT Equipment Menu

Open WEB LCT of

Remote Link Radio

Radio Setting

Radio
Status

hide / show menu

This Web Browser manages a single terminal.

manual refresh

Alarms
11

Radio Throughput (Packet size 1518 bytes)

Table of capacity net shared by Ethernet in different bandwidths and modulations
Active
Modulation

Capacity
[Mbps] 7MHz

Capacity
Capacity
Capacity [Mbps]
[Mbps] 14MHz [Mbps] 28MHz 56MHz

4QAM

10.872

22.025

44.279

88.558

16QAM-Strong

16.225

32.870

66.081

132.161

16QAM

21.080

42.705

85.854

171.708

32QAM

24.483

49.599

99.713

199.425

64QAM

30.293

61.368

123.373

246.746

128QAM

36.102

71.137

147.034

294.068

256QAM

41.912

84.906

170.694

341.389

512QAM

47.763

96.759

194.524

389.048

1024QAM

53.572

108.529

218.185

436.369

12

Adaptive Code Modulation setting

ACM enable: fixed bandwidth
and variable modulation, at the
maximum possible
Range of dynamic
Modulation

ACM disable: fixed bandwidth

and modulation
Radio capacity:

Radio
Throughput
@28Mhz

Is Only Ethernet

Downshift (from 1024QAM to 4QAM): decrease Ethernet Capacity

Upshift (from 4QAM to 1024QAM): increase Ethernet Capacity

For each modulation profile the Ethernet throughput can be adjusted.
13

Radio Branch: Frequencies

4

3
2
Traffic ok (normal setting)
Radio only Receives with Timeout
Radio only Receives without Timeout

Local

Remote

High

Low

FTx1A=18878.5MHz
FRx1A=17868.5MHz

FTx1A=17868.5MHz
FRx1A=18878.5MHz

no modulator (no traffic)

traffic ok

Fix the Tx Frequency and

Duplex Spacing in Local and
Remote ODU and after Press
apply & confirm
14

Manual: TX Power Fixed;

Automatic: ATPC enabled
ATPC allows Ptx<PtxMAX for most of the
time; when fading occurs, Ptx is increased as
needed until the maximum is reached.
ATPC pons vs a constant Ptx:
- Less power consumption,
- higher MTBF,
- reduced interference on other links

Radio Branch: Powers

A good set of the thresholds is to put the ATPC Low Level

threshold higher (or even slightly higher) than
the threshold of the highest modulation scheme of the
ACM; this way, the ATPC start to work before than
the received signal is reduced and by consequence will
force the system to downgrade the modulation. The
behaviour of the system is to always try to increase the
PTX and so the System Gain, before than being
forced to reduce capacity a modulation.

15

Port Configuration
2

OH

Payload

RFCOH

Ip Eth

(Out of Band)

(In-Band)

!!! Remember to Enable Internal

Port to manage remote side !!!
Traffic ethernet ports can be used for
management (in a separated VLAN)

Possible Configuration of Supervisioning Traffic

LAN1

LAN2

Internal Port Description

Disable

LAO

Disable

Lan1 only payload and Lan2 only local management

Disable

OoB

Disable/OoB

Lan1 only payload and Lan2 only management

In-Band

LAO

Disable/IB

Lan1 Vlan mngt+payload and Lan2 only local management

In-Band

Drop/node Disable/IB

Lan1 Vlan mngt+payload and Lan2 management

16

Synchronisation Priority or Quality

Web LCT: Main Menu Synchronisation

SETS is a hardware circuit that select the source

interface of synch in base at priority or it can
switch the source according with quality.

2
Enable SynchE

Manual
Operation
After this period the alarm apears

1
Wait time to restore

After this period the alarm disapears

Enable SSM G.8264 (Quality of Synch)

Free Running = missing source synch, an auto Internal synch is generated by itself (PLL).
17
Holdover = degrade of Synch, trying to recover.
Locked = normal situation of STM1 synchronisation of status control

Synchronisation Source
1

Enable Source

Manual reset
Wait to Restore
Status Alarms is generated by:
- LTI (Loss of timing input)
- Drift (Bad quality)

2
Disable
High

Manual
Operation
Forced by
Operator

5
Low

6
Switching per Priority
Switching per Quality

18

802.11ad as 802.1Q adds 4 bytes in the header of

each packet, the first 2 bytes concern of Tag
Protocol IDentifier. This EtherType is fixed
0x9100 defines the new format "Vlan Stacking".

Ethernet switch
Routing based
on VLAN ID

Time to refresh the

MAC address table for
each Lan interface

Take account the value of Max Packet Size [byte] when "802.1Q
setting" is set as DISABLE or FALLBACK the switch adds 4 Bytes
for internal S_Tag. With 802.1Q setting in SECURE (that means that
packet VID must be contained in Virtual LAN table list, otherwise
the packet is discarded), no internal TAGs are added.
19

Ethernet Frame Fragmentation

QOS preserves High priority
traffic during traffic congestions
to reduce Latency and Jitter
Latency is the time taken to process a DATA (Response time in/out)
Jitter is a statistical variation delay of packets caused by internal
queues on congested routers
High pri High pri High pri High pri High pri High pri
Low priority

Low priority

High pri High pri High pri High pri High pri High pri
Low priority

Low priority

SIAE SWITCH
LAN1
Port A
LAN2

SIAE SWITCH
LAN1
Port A
LAN2

High pri High pri High pri

Low priority

High pri

High Jitter Variation for the

high priority packets
High pri High pri High pri Low pri High pri High pri Low pri

Lower Jitter Variation for

the high priority packets

fragmented
packets

The benefit of this algorithm is to minimize the Jitter variation of

the Ethernet packets with header fragmentation proprietary Siae.

20

LAN settings: Interface

Enable
Interface Lan

Used only for

SyncEthernet:
Master: OUTPUT
Slave: INPUT

Used only for

Autonegotation
1GBit/s

RJ45 Pinout MDI

1 Txp
2 Txn
3 Rxp
4
5
6 Rxn
7
8

RJ45 Pinout MDIX

1 Rxp
2 Rxn
3 Txp
4
5
6 Txn
7
8

Table of MAC
address enable

Step 10Mbps when

Speed/Duplex is set
Full-Duplex-100M

Message to determine the

maximum capacity that can
handle the Ethernet link

For 1Gbps

21

LAN settings: LAN PER PORT

Its allowed to share traffic Payload

with the other interfaces Ethernet
ALFOplus
Lan1
Lan2
External
Interfaces

PortA
Radio Port

Internal
Interface
22

LAN settings: Egress Priority Policy

Queue emptying policy

- 8421 WRR: 8 packets with
queue 3, then 4 with queue 2,
then 2 with queue 1 and then 1
with queue 0.
- Strict priority: a packet can
go out only if the upper
priority queue is empty
- Strict 3: all queue 3 packets
can go out, after them all the
other using 8421WRR policy
- Strict 3 and 2: all queue 3
and 2 packets can go out
strictly, after them all the
other using 8421WRR policy
23

LAN settings: Egress Priority Management

Priority management can be defined port

by port:
Without Priority
Uses 802.1p
Uses TOS/DSCP
Uses MPLS
Used 802.1p and rewrite with MPLS

24

VLAN Lan Configuration

VLanID (Static) is automatically insert when the value belong
at Default Vid of ingress port or value of In Band VLan Id.

Radio Port

VLAN doesnt transit through Lan2

VLAN exits Lan2 with tag
VLAN exits Lan2 without tag
VLAN exits Lan2, with the same
tag it has at input (unmodified)

Spanning Tree Protocol / Ethernet Line Protection /

Spanning Tree
Link AGgregations (LAG)
Protocol or
IEEE802.1D or
IEEE802.1W can
belong at 2 differents
group ( Bridge1,
Bridge2 )

Trunking or Link
AGgregation or
IEEE 802.3ad can
belong at 4 differents
group (trunk1, trunk2,
trunk3, trunk4)

RSTP/ELP

ELP
High

Ethernet Line
Protection can belong
at 2 differents group
(Protection1,
Protection2)

Low

LAG
Low
High

Used to determine priority of port

This interface displays and settings the port states on the feature
enabled. You can enable a single function at time per port
26

Spanning Tree
First try to use RSPT, if not
available then use standard STP
Resend BPDU
Change Status port
Life of BPDU

Parameters of packet BPDU

(Bridge Protocol Data Unit)
used for manage STP/RSTP

Example all Lan connected in a hub

Parameter used to elect the root bridge

27

Alarms groups: RADIO

Specific alarms the ODU and Radio link.

28

Alarms groups: RADIO

Alarm

Causes

Solution

Link ID

LLI Local LLI Remote

disabling LLI in both sites

Link Telemetry Fail

Telemetry remote radio lost

Wrong initialisation of Loc&Rem Radio

Reduced Capacity

Degraded radio link capacity (Actual

Tx modulation Upper modulation)

Increase Tx power

BER Sync Loss

Ber Test Fail

Active one loop or disable the BER test

Invalid Frequency set

Frequency not permitted

Change frequency channel

Rx Power Low

The Power Rx is below than Rx

threshold

Tx Power Low

The Power Tx is below than Tx

threshold

Reduce Power threshold in general

preset
Disable the Carry only or Replace ODU

RT VCO Fail

VCO fail

Replace ODU

RT IF Fail

IF fail

Replace ODU

BaseBand Rx Quality
Low

BER 10E-6

Increase fade margin 29

ACRONYMS
ACM Adaptive Code Modulation
ACO Alarm Cut-Off
ADM Add Drop Multiplexer
AF Assured Forwarding
AGC Automatic Gain Control
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
AL Access Link
ALS Access Link Series
AMI Alternate Mark Invertine
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASR Automatic Send Receiver
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Modulator
ATPC Automaric Transmit Power Control
ATU Address Translation Unit
BB BaseBand
BBER Background Block Error Radio
BCM Bit Coded Modulation
BER Bit Error Rate
BIP Bit Interleaved Parity
BPV BiPolar Violation
CC Co-Channel
CCIS Common Channel Interoffice
Signalling
CGA Carrier Group Alarm
CRC Cycle Redundancy Check
CSS Control Slip Second
CSU Channel Service Unit
CTS Clear To Send
C/I Carrier to Interference (ratio)
DACS Digital Access Cross-connect System
DCC Data Communication Channel
DCD Data Carrier Detect
DDE windows Dynamic Data Exchange
DNU Do Not Use
DRRS Digital Radio Relay Systems
DSCP Differential Service Code Point
DSP Digital Signal Processing
DSR Data Set Ready
DSU Data Service Unit
DTE Data Terminal Equipment
DTR Data Terminal Ready
DXC Digital Cross Connect

E1 2 Mbit/s
ECC Embedded Control Channel
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference
EOC Embedded Overhead Channel
ERC European Radiocommunication
Committee
ESD ElectroStatic Discharge
FDL Facility Data Link
FDX Full-DupleX
FEBE Far End Block Error
FEC Forward Error Corrector
FEM Fast Ethernet Module
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FXO Foreign eXchange Office
FXS Foreign exchange subscriber
GUI Graphical user interface
HDLC High Level Data Link Control
HDX Half-DupleX
IAD Integrated Access Device
ICSU Intelligent CSU
IDU Indoor Unit
IF Intermediate Frequency
IpToS Type Of Service IP
ISDN Integrated Service Data Network
LAN Local Area Network
LAPS Link Access Protocol SDH
LCT Local Craft Terminal
LDO Line builD-Out
LED Light Emitted Diode
LIM Line Interface Module
LLB Line LoopBack
LLF Link Loss Forwarding
LO Local Oscillator
LOF Loss Of Frame
LOS Loss Of Signal
LTI Loss of Timing Input
LTM Line Terminal Mux
MAC Media Access Control
MCU Main Controller Unit
MDI Medium Dependent Interface
MDIX Medium Dependent Interface Crossed

MIB Management Information Base

MMIC Monolitic Microwave Integrated Circuit
MSA Multiplex Section Adaptation
MSOH Multiplex Section OverHead
MSP Multiplex Section Protection
MST Multiplex Section Termination
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
NE Network Element
NMI Network Management Interface
ODU Outdoor Unit
OOF Out Of Frame
OOM Out Of Multiframe
OOF Out of frame
OOS Out of service signalling
OSI Open System Interconnection
PABX Privat automatic branching exchange
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PLB Payload loopback
PLL Phase lock loop
POH Path overhead
PPI Plesiochronous Physical Interface
PPP Point to Point Protocol
PRC Primary Reference Clock
PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence
PTOS Priority Type Of Service
QoS Quality of Service
QRSS Quasi-Random Signal Sequence
RAI Remote Alarm Indication
RAI AS Remote Alarm Indication Associated Signalling
RFC Radio Frequency Channel
RFCOH Radio Frame Complementary OverHead
RFS Ready For Sending
RIM Radio Interface Module
RPS Radio Protection Switching
RSC Receive Select Code
RSL Received Signal Level
RSOH Regenerator Section OverHead
RSPI Radio Synhronous Physical Interface
RST Regeneretion Section Termination
RTC Real Time Clock
RTS Request To Send
SCT Subnetwork Craft Terminal

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SEC SDH Equipment Clock
SETG SDH Equipment Timing Generator
SETS SDH Equipment Timing Source
SFP Small form-Factor Pluggable transceiver
SMTP Simple Mail Tranfer Protocol
SMU SDH Multiplexing Unit
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol
SOH Section OverHead
SPI Synchronous Physical Interface
SPM Subcriber Private Metering
SSM Synchronous Status Message
SSUL Synchronisation Supply Unit Local
SSUT Synchronous Supply Unit Transit
STM-0 Synchronous Transport Module Level 0 (51.84
Mbit/s)
STM-1 Synchronous Transport Module Level 1 (155.52
Mbit/s)
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDM Time division multiplex
TM Terminal multiplex
TMN Telecommunications Management Network
TSI Time slot interchange
TSU Tributary switch unit
TOS Type Of Service
TTM Terminal timing mode
TU Tributary Unit
UDP User datagram protocol
URL Uniform resource locator
US Urban Synchronous radio
VC Virtual Container
VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator
VID Virtual Lan Identifier
VLAN Virtual LAN
WRR Wait Round Robin
Wayside 2 Mbit/s additional traffic
WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing
WRR Weighted Round Robin
WTR Wait to Restore
XIF Cross Improvement Factor
XPIC Crosspolar Interference Canceller

30