Chapter1

Definitions&Scientificmethod:observation,hypothesis,andexperiment.lawvs.theory
classificationsofmatter(puresubstancevs.mixture)
puresubstances(compoundvs.element)
mixture(homogeneousvs.heterogeneous)
3statesofmatteronearth

Chapter2
#
Scientificnotation#.##x10
Unitsinthemetricsystem
Knowtheprefixes(M,k,d,c,m,,andn)
Scientificmeasurementandsignificantfigures(alwaysguess1pastthemarkings)
Counting#ofsignificantzeros(becarefulforzeroes)
Dimensionalanalysis
o o
Conversionbetween
F,
C,andK
Density(beabletocalculateanduseinconversionsbetweenmassandvolume)

Chapter3
Periodictableintro:noblegases,halogens,alkalimetals,alkalineearthmetals,transition
metals.
Groups(columns)havesimilarreactivity
metals,semimetals,andnonmetals
Chemicalvs.Physicalproperty(define&identify)
Elementsofouratmosphere(N
andO
)
2
2
DiatomicelementalformsN
,O
,F
,Cl
,Br
,I
2 2 2 2
2
2
Halogenandalkalimetalsextreme/violentlyreactive
2typesofcompounds
covalent2nonmetalssharingelectrons
+

ionicmetalandnonmetal,cation
andanion
(2metalsmakeanalloyifmixed,example:bronzeiscopperandzincmixed)
chemicalformulascovalent(molecularformula)vs.ionic(formulaunit)

Chapter4
Kineticandpotentialenergyinphysicsandchemistry
Chemicalvs.physicalpropertiesandchanges
Writingachemicalreaction:ReactantsProducts
Conservationofenergyenergycannotbecreatedordestroyed,onlytransferred

Chapter4Continued
heatq=mCT
q=heattransfered,m=mass,C=specificheat,T=TfinalTinitial=temperaturechange

Chapter5AtomicTheory

Briefdescriptionofthompson,Millicak,Rutherford,Astonexperiments
electron,proton,neutronpositionintheatom,charge,relativemass
isotopesandaverageatomicweight
Chemicalnotation baXcd atomicmass,atomicnumber,charge,andnumberofatoms

Chapter6ChemicalNaming
chemicalformulascovalent(molecularformula)vs.ionic(formulaunit)
Ions,cations(+),andanions().
namingofionic,transitionmetalionic,polyatomics,andmolecularcompounds.

2
2

3
+

Memorize6polyatomicions(NO
,CO
PO
)formulasandnames
3
3,SO
4,
4,NH
4,OH
3+ 3
3
ionsgroups1,2,16,17.Al,N,andP
namingionic,covalent,andacids

Chapter7TheMole
themoleandavogadrosnumber
g,mole,andnumberofthingscalculations
molarmass,molecularweight,andformulaweight
massfractionandpercentcomposition
empiricalvsmolecularformulaandcalculatingthemfrom%composition

Chapter8ChemicalEquations
writingandbalancingofreactions,reaction,products,andstatesofmatter(s,l,g,andaq)
classifyingreactions:Combustion,singledisplacement,anddoubledisplacement
heatinchemicalreactions:endovsexothermic,activationenergy

Chapter9Stoichiometry
(mostoften
gA
>
molA
>
molB
>
gB
)
conservationofmass

Chapter10ModernAtomicTheory
1
waves:speed,wavelength(),frequency(Hz=numberoftimesasecond=s
=1/s),amplitude
(heightofwave)
Electronicstructureofanatom
shell(n=1,2,3,4,5,6,and7)vsorbital(s,p,d,andf)&Basicorbitaldescription/shapes
Groundstateelectronconfigurationorderfromtheperiodictable
2 2 6 2 6 2 10 6 2 10 6 2 14 10 6 2 14 10 6
1s
2s
2p
3s
3p
4s
3d4p
5s
4d5p
6s
4f5d6p
7s
5f6d7p

Chapter11PeriodicTrends
ionizationenergy&atomicsizetrends
lewisstructures,valenceelectrons,electronconfigurationsofatomsandions
ionicbondingandcovalentbonding
electronegativity
lewisstructures
Usingelectronconfigurationandgroupnumbertodetermineionicchargeornumberofandlone
pairsinamolecularcompound.
VSEPRtodeterminelinear,trigonalplanar,tetrahedral,trigonalpyramidal,orbent.

Notes
Youdonotneedtomemorizeanyformulasorconversions(expectmetricsystemprefixes)
1015%oftheexamcanbefromlecture,harderproblems,oruptoinstructordiscretion