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TASK 1: IDENTIFY THE PERIPHERALS OF A COMPUTER. TO PREPARE A REPORT

CONTAINING THE BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE CPU ALONG WITH THE CONFIGURATION
OF EACH PERIPHERAL AND ITS FUNCTIONS.

AIM: To identify the peripherals of a computer.

DEFINITION OF A PERIPHERAL:
A peripheral is a device that is connected to a host computer,
but not part of it. It expands the host's capabilities but does not form part of the core computer
architecture. It is often, but not always, partially or completely dependent on the host.
A peripheral is generally defined as any auxiliary device such as a computer
mouse, keyboard, hard drive, etc. that connects to and works with the computer in some way.
Other examples of peripherals are expansion cards, graphics cards, computer printers, image
scanners, tape drives, microphones, loudspeakers, webcams, and digital cameras.
There are three different types of peripherals:
Input, which provide input to the computer from the user (mice, keyboards, etc.)
Output, which provide output to the user from the computer (monitors, printers, etc.)
Storage, which store data (hard drives, flash drives, etc.)

CPU
FSB
FS
NORTH BRIDGE

VIDEO (AGP)

RAM
SOUTH BRIDGE

IDA

SATAA

PCI

USB

Fig 1.1: Block Diagram of the CPU Along With the Configuration of Each Peripheral

FUNCTIONS OF EACH PERIPHERAL:

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NAME OF
THE
PERIPHERAL

CABINET
OR
CASE
OR
SYSTEM
UNIT

DESCRIPTION
It is used to install all hardware device
like (mother board, SMPS, HDD,CD ROM,
FDD).
It has Start, Restart Button, Leds, Audio and
USB Connecters are available at front side.
It is also known as System Unit.
The various components seen in the front side of
the system unit are
1. POWER SWITCH: Turns the computer on and
off. Whenever the computer is turned off, always
wait at least 60 seconds before turning it back on
again.
2. POWER INDICATOR: Located in the center of
the power switch. A green light indicates the
computer is on.

FRONT SIDE

3. RESET BUTTON: Allows you to reboot

OF THE

(restart) your system without having to power

SYSTEM

down the entire computer. Rebooting the system

UNIT

in this manner reduces stress on the system

components.
4. DISK ACCESS INDICATOR: Turns green
when the computer is accessing your hard drive,
either retrieving or storing information.
5. FLOPPY DISK DRIVE: Storage devices that
holds, reads and write to floppy disks, usually
called Drive A.
6. CD-DRIVE: Player or reader that reads data
from a CD ROM disk
7. USB PORTS

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DIAGRAM

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The plugs on the back side of the system unit
are known as connectors.
The ports are the interface between the
computer and connectors. Ports are like:
1. Mouse port: which has 6-9 pins
BACK SIDE
OF THE
SYSTEM
UNIT

2. Keyboard port: which has 6-9 pins

3. USB port: which is used for pen drive
4. Serial port: which is used for mouse,
External Modem
5. Parallel port: which is used for printer and
it has 25 pins
6. VGA(Video Graphics Adapter) port: which
is used for Monitor and it has 15 pins
7. Game port: which is used for Joystick for
playing games
8. Sound ports: which is used for Speakers
Inside the system unit consists of
1. Motherboard 2. SMPS (Switched Mode

INSIDE THE
SYSTEM
UNIT:

Power Supply) 3. CPU Heat Sink and Fan

4. BIOS
5. HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 6. FDD (Floppy
Disk Drive) 7. CD Writer Drive
8. AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) card
9. LAN card(Local area Network)
Monitor of a computer is like a television
screen. It

displays

text

characters

and graphics in colors or in shades of grey.

The monitor is also called as screen or
2

MONITOR

display or CRT (cathode ray tube).

In the monitor the screen will be displayed
in pixels format.
i.

800 by 600 pixels

ii.

1024 by 768

pixels

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NAME OF
THE
PERIPHERAL

DESCRIPTION

DIAGRAM

Key board is like a type writer, which

contains

KEYBOARD

keys

to

feed

the

data

information into the computer

Keyboards are available in

two

or

modules. These are

i. Standard key board with 83-88 key
ii. Enhanced key board with 104 Keys or above
Every mouse has one primary button (left
button)

MOUSE

and

one

secondary button (right

button).The primary button is used to carry out

most tasks, where as secondary button i s used
in special cases you can select commands and
options
A device

that

prints

images (numbers,

alphabets, graphs, etc) on paper is known

as Printer.Multifunction printers (MFPs) include
5

PRINTER

a scanner and can copy paper documents or send

a fax; these are also called multi-function
devices (MFD), or all-in-one (AIO) printers.
Most MFPs include printing, scanning, and
copying among their many features.
The Motherboard is the main circuit board inside

SYSTEM
BOARD/
MOTHERBO
ARD

the PC, which holds the processor memory and

expansion slots and connects to every part of the
PC. The Motherboard is the central Nervous
System and Circulatory system. It is also known
as PCB (Printed Circuit Board).

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NAME OF
THE
PERIPHERAL

DESCRIPTION

DIAGRAM

1. CPU Socket: It connects CPU i.e. processor to

mother board

Currently mother boards come with 3 types of

sockets .Socket 7 for Pentium I type of CPU,
Socket 370A for Pentium II and Celeron which
come in PGA package, & slot 1 for Pentium II.
It is used installing CPU & CPU Heat Sink Fan
It is square type design.
2. North Bridge: It is the focal point of the mother
board and it is a memory controller hub. It
interconnects the CPU socket, AGP slot, PCI slot,
SD RAM and DDR RAM slots.
It is also called as controller
It converts electronic signals

to binary

values and binary values to electronic signals

It is nearby CPU Socket
It placed middle of the mother board
3. South Bridge: It contains real time clock
controllers for input and output port and floppy disk
controller.
It connects the PCI, Primary and Secondary IDE
(Integrated Drive Electronics) interfaces and all
ports.
It

is

controls

major

components

mother board and it back bone of the input

out devices
It is communicates PCI slots, IDE-1, IDE2, floppy connecter, BIOS chip.
It is nearby CMOS battery

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NAME OF
THE
PERIPHERAL

DESCRIPTION
4.

CMOS

(Complementary

DIAGRAM

Metal

Oxide

Semiconductor) Battery: It is to give power to

south

bridge and BIOS and keeps the system

time running. Computer is using a coin shape

battery.It generates the clock signal and it
manage system continues time
5. Primary and Secondary IDE devices: This is to place the hard disk, cd-rom,
dvd-rom

drives. It is also called as IDE-1, IDE-2. It

used

to

connecting

Hard Disk Drive, CD ROM, DVD ROM.

6. RAM slots: RAM slots are two

SD RAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) & DDR RAM
(Double Data Rate) Ram
If the Ram has one notch we called DDR RAM.
If the RAM has two notches we called SD RAM.
The speed of the SD RAM is 133MHz and the speed of DDR RAM is
266MHz.

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NAME OF
THE
PERIPHERAL

DESCRIPTION
7. AGP (Accelerated graphics port) slot & AGP CARD: It is to display the
information on the monitor. The speed is 66MHz.
Any Mother Board will have 1 AGP slot. AGP Slot is used install the AGP
card. (ACCELERATOR GRAPHICS PORT)
AGP back view same as VGA port (15-female pins) and used to connecting
the monitors .This slot is above PCI slots and its color is Black or Brown.
8. PCI slot (Peripheral Component Interconnect): These are the Expansion
Slots and the speed is 33MHz.It is to place the sound cards, LAN card. Any
Mother Board will have 3 PCI slots.

9. CNR Slot (Communication and Network Raiser): It is a dedicated

connector device.
This is the major part of the PC hardware
It manages all transactions of data between CPU peripherals. which holds
the Processor, Random Access Memory and other parts, and has slots for
expansion cards
The CPU is the brain of the system. It read
instructions from the software and tells the computer
what to do. The actual CPU is about 1.5 inches
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MICRO
PROCESSOR
(or)
CPU

square, yet it is the most critical part of the

computer. The processor is fitted on to a Mother
Board. It is square shape

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NAME OF
THE
PERIPHERAL

DESCRIPTION

DIAGRAM

SMPS is used to supply the power to

Mother Board HDD, CD ROM, and FDD.
In SMPS
holds a transformer, voltage
8

SMPS

control and fan.

Identification is the rectangular box shape
and panel name is switching mode power
supply.
Nearly all computers have heat sinks, which help
keep

the CPU

cool

and

prevent

it

from

overheating. But sometimes the heat sink itself can

CPU HEAT
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SINK
&
FAN

become too hot. This can happen if the CPU is

running at full capacity for an extended period of
time or if the air surrounding the computer is
simply too hot. Therefore, a fan is often used in
combination with the heat sink to keep both the
CPU and heat sink at an acceptable temperature.
This combination is creatively called a "heat sink
and fan,"
The hard disk drive is the main, and usually
largest, data storage device in a computer
The operating system, software titles and

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HARD DISK
DRIVE

most other files are stored in the hard disk

drive
Identifications is the panel name is Hard Disk
drive.
ATX power connecter is used to connect ATX

ATX
11

POWER
CONNECTOR

power plug (This is from SMPS)

ATX Power connecter has 20/24 pins available.
It is white color and it has ATXname is available
on Mother Board

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NAME OF
THE
PERIPHERAL

DESCRIPTION
CD-Rom

(Compact

Disk

DIAGRAM

Read

only

Memory) Drive is a device that reads the

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CD ROM
DRIVE &
CD-WRITER

information from Compact Disks (CD).

CD-Writer is used to write the data into
Compact Disks.
Identification is the panel name is CD Writer

Bus

is

collection

of

wires through which data is

transmitted from one device to another device cables are two types
IDE cable : it used to connect HDD, CD ROM, DVD ROM
FDD cable: it used to connect FDD

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BUS CABLES
OR
DATA
CABLES

FLOPPY DRIVE CABLE

IDE CABLES

You can read and write data on the chip. RAM has volatile memory. It loses its
contents when the power is switched off. Size of the RAM makes difference in the
processing i.e., bigger the size of the RAM more is the speed of processing. The
data can be read and written at anytime.
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RAM

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