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14. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

Synopsis :
ex − e− x
1. i) sinhx =
2

ex + e− x
ii) coshx =
2

e x − e− x
iii)tanhx =
ex + e− x

ex + e− x
iv) cothx =
ex − e− x
2
v) sechx =
ex + e− x
2
vi) cosechx = are called hyperbolic
e − e− x
x

functions.
Note : sin(ix) = isinhx, cos(ix) = coshx, tan(ix) = itanhx.
2. cosh2x – sinh2x = 1
3. 1 – tanh2x = sech2x
4. coth2x – 1 = cosech2x
5. i) sinh (α + β) = sinh α cosh β + cosh α sinh β
ii) sinh (α – β) = sinh α cosh β – cosh α sinh β
iii)cosh (α + β) = cosh α cosh β + sinh α sinh β
iv) cosh (α – β) = cosh α cosh β – sinh α sinh β
tanh α + tanh β
v) tanh (α + β) =
1 + tanh α tanh β

tanh α − tanh β
vi) tanh (α – β) =
1 − tanh α tanh β

6. i) sinh 2x = 2sinhx coshx

ii) cosh 2x = cosh2x + sinh2x
1 + cosh 2x
iii)cosh 2x = 2 cosh2 x – 1 or cosh2x =
2
cosh 2x − 1
iv) cosh 2x = 1 + sinh2x or 2sinh2x =
2
2 tanh x
v) tanh 2x =
1 + tanh2 x
1

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Hyperbolic Functions
vi) sinh 3x = 3sinhx + 4sinh3x
vii) cosh 3x = 4cosh3x – 3coshx
3 tanh x + tanh3 x
viii) tanh 3x =
1 + 3 tanh2 x

7. Values of inverse hyperbolic functions as logarithms functions :

i) Sinh−1x = loge ( x + x 2 + 1)

ii) Cosh−1x = log( x + x 2 − 1), x ≥ 1

1+ x ⎞
iii) Tanh −1x = log⎛⎜
1
⎟, x ∈ (-1, 1)
2 ⎝ 1− x ⎠

x + 1⎞
iv) Coth−1x = log⎛⎜
1
⎟, | x |> 1
2 ⎝ x − 1⎠

⎛ 1± 1− x2 ⎞
v) Sech−1x = log⎜⎜ ⎟, 0 < x ≤ 1
⎟
x
⎝ ⎠

⎛ 1+ 1+ x2 ⎞
vi) Co sec h−1x = log⎜⎜ ⎟, x > 0 or
⎟
x
⎝ ⎠

⎛ 1− 1+ x2 ⎞
log⎜ ⎟, x < 0
⎜ x ⎟
⎝ ⎠

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