QUESTION BANK

CHEMISTRY-XII
THE SOLID STATE
CHAPTER - 1

(Weightage 4 marks)

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (OF 1 MARK EACH)

1. What is the number of atoms per unit cell in a body centered cubic
structure?
2. Name an element with which silicon can be doped to give a p-type
semiconductor.
3. A cubic solid is made of two elements X and Y. Atoms Y are at the
corners of the cube and X at the body centre. What is the formula of the
compound?
4. Why is common salt sometimes yellow instead of being pure white?
5. Why are Frenkel defects not found in pure alkali halides?
6. What makes alkali metal halides sometimes colored which are otherwise
colorless?
7. What is the effect of Schottky and Frenkel defects on the density of
crystalline solids?
8. What is Curie temperature?
9. Why is Frenkel defect found in AgCl?
10. Why are solids rigid ?
11. Name the non stoichiometric point defect responsible for colour in alkali
halides.
12. Define the term space lattice?
13. Why is glass considered a super cooled liquid ?
14. What is the coordination number of an octahedral void?

15. What type of solids are electrical conductors, malleable and ductile?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : ( OF 2 MARKS EACH)
16. How can you determine the atomic mass of an unknown metal if you
know its density and the dimension of its unit cell? Explain your answer.
17. How does amorphous silica differ from quartz?
18. Define the term amorphous .Give a few examples of amorphous solids.
19. What is a semiconductor? Describe two main types of semiconductors,
giving examples.
20. Explain how vacancies are introduced in an ionic solid when a cation of
higher valency is added as an impurity in it
21. What type of substances would make better permanent magnets,
ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic? Justify your answer.
22. Assign reason why some of the very old glass objects appear slightly
milky instead of being transparent.
23. An element crystallizes in a structure having fcc unit cell with edge length
of 200 pm. Calculate its density, if 200 g of this element contains 24 x
1023 atoms.
24. The length of the unit cell edge of a body centered metal crystal is 352
pm. Calculate the radius of an atom of a metal.
25. An element (z=60) having face centered cubic unit cell has a density of
6.23 g/cm3.What is edge length of unit cell.
26. State the difference between schottky and frenkel defects. Which of the
two changes the density of the solids.
27. An element crystallizes in the simple cubic structure .Its density is 8
g/em3 and its 200 g contains 24x10 23 atoms .Calculate the edge length.
28. How do electrical resistivity of the following class of materials vary with
temperature?
Semiconductor, metallic conductor, insulator.
29. What is the coordination number of an octahedral void? Which of the
following lattices has the highest packing efficiency

(i) FCC
(ii) BCC
(iii) simple cubic
30. Atoms of element B form hcp lattice and those of the element A occupy
2/3rd of tetrahedral voids .What is the formula of the compound formed by
these elements A and B?
SHORT QUESTIONS (3 MARKS ONLY)
31. A compound is formed by two elements M and N. The element N forms
ccp and atoms of M occupy 1/3rd of tetrahedral voids.What is the formula
of the compound?
32. A solid A is very hard electrical insulator in solid as well as in molten state
and melts at extremely high temperature.What type of solids is it.
33. In terms of band theory what is the difference
(i) Between a conductor and an insulator
(ii) Between a conductor and a semiconductor?
34. Distinguish between Hexagonal and monoclinic unit cell.
35. What makes a glass different from a solid such as quartz/Under what
conditions could quartz be converted into glass?
36. What is a semiconductors ?Describe two main types of semiconductors ,
giving examples .
37. What makes a glass different from solid such as quartz ?
38. How does amorphous silica differ from quartz?
39. How do electrical resistivity of the following class of materials vary with
temperature?
40. What type of stoichiometric defect is shown by: Zns and AgBr?

QUESTIONBANKXII
SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER2(Weightage5marks)
VERYSHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OFONEMARKEACH)
1. WhatdoyoumeanbyColligativeProperties?
2. Defineosmoticpressure.
3. Why is an increase in temperature observed on mixing Chloroform
withAcetone?
4. StateRaoultslawforabinarysolutioncontainingvolatilecomponents.
5. Whyisosmoticpressureconsideredasacolligativeproperty.
6. Outof1Msolutionofsugarand1Msolutionofureawhichwillhave
greaterboilingpoint?
7. Whydodoctorsadvisegarglesbysalinewaterincaseofsorethroat?
8. Giveanexampleofnearlyidealsolution?
9. Whataremaximumboilingazetropes?Giveoneexample.
10. Why is the cooking temperature in pressure cooker higher than in
openpan?
11. A and B liquids on mixing produced a warm solution .Which type of
deviationisthereandwhy?
12. Givereasonwhen30mlofethylalcoholand30mlofwateraremixed
thevolumeofresultingsolutionismorethan60ml.
13. WhenisthevalueofVantHofffactormorethanone?
14. Giveanexampleofacompoundinwhichhydrogenbondingresultsin
theformationofadimer.

15. Whatareisotonicsolutions?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF2MARKSEACH)
16. Nametwofactorsonwhichthevapourpressureoftheliquiddepends.
17. Whattypeofnonidealitiesareexhibitedbycyclohexaneethanoland
acetonechloroformmixture?Givereasonsforyouranswer.
18. Thesolutionofanonvolatilesoluteboilsathighertemperaturethan
thepuresolvent.Showthisrelationshiponagraphicdiagram.
19. For determining molar masses of macromolecular substances in
solutions the osmotic pressure measurement method is preferred
over measurement method of any other colligative property of
solution.Givetworeasonsforit.
20. Explainwithasuitablediagramandappropriateexampleswhysome
nonidealsolutionsshowpositivedeviationfromidealbehaviour.
21. How is relative lowering of vapour pressure defined for a solution
consisting of volatile solvent and non volatile solute? How is this
functionrelatedtothemolefractionofthesolventandofthesolute?
22. Amongst the following compounds, identify which are insoluble,
partiallysolubleandhighlysolubleinwater?
(i) Phenol(ii) NaClO4andWater(iii)methanolandacetone

(iv)I2andCCl4 (v) acetonitrile(CH3CN)andacetone(C3H6O)

24. 0.6mlofaceticacid(CH3COOH),havingdensity1.06gml1,isdissolved
in1litreofwater.Thedepressioninfreezingpointobservedforthis
strengthofacidwas0.02050C.CalculatethevantHofffactorandthe
disassociationconstantsofacid.

25. Vapourpressureofpurewaterat298Kis23.8mmHg.50gofurea
(NH2CONH) is dissolved in 850g of water. Calculate the vapour
pressureofwaterforthissolutionanditsrelativelowering.

26. 100gofliquidA(molarmass140gmol1)wasdissolvedin1000gof
liquidB(molarmass180gmol1).Thevapourpressureofpureliquid
B was found to be 500 torr. Calculate the vapour pressure of pure
liquid A and its vapour pressure in the solution if the total vapour
pressureofthesolutionis475torr.
27. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving
25 mg of K2SO4 in 2 litres of water at 250C, assuming that it is
completelydissociated.
28. Whatroledoesthemolecularinteractionplayinsolutionof alcohol
andwater?
29. Why do gases always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the
temperatureisraised?
30. With the help of suitable diagrams explain positive and negative
deviationsfromRaoultslaw?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF3MARKSEACH)

31. StateHenryslawandmentionsomeofitsimportantapplication?
32. WhyisEthernotmiscibleinWater?
33. WhatareHypertonicandHypotonicSolutions?
34. WhatfactorsareresponsiblefordeviationsfromRaoultslaw?
35. Howisosmoticpressuredependentuponnumberofmolesofsolute?
36. Howismolalityofsolutiondiffersfromitsmolarity?
37. Two liquids X and Y boils at 1100Cand 1300C respectively, which of
themhashighervapourpressureat500C
38. Why is the cooking temperature in pressure cooker is higher than in
anopenpan?
39. Statetheconditionresultinginreverseosmosis?

40. Whatisantifreezeandalsogiveanexample?

LONGANSWERTYPEQUESTION:(OF5MARKSEACH)

41. Explain giving examples the term colligative molality.Why do we

sometimesgetabnormalmolecularmassesofthesubstancesusing
colligativepropertiesofthesolution?
42. Phenol associates in benzene to certain extent to form dimer .A
solution contains 20 x103 kg of phenol in 1kg of benzene has its
freezing point decreased by 0.61 K.Calculate the fraction of phenol
thathasdimerised.(Kfforbenzene=5.512)
43. Theosmoticpressureofbloodis8.21atmat37oC.Howmuchglucose
shouldbeaddedperlitreforanintravenousinjectionthatisatsame
osmoticpressureasblood?
44. Explain giving examples the term Colligative Molality? Why do
sometime we get abnormal molecular masses of substance using
colligativeproperty?
45. Vapour pressure of pure Acetone and Chloroform at 328K are 741.8
mmHgand632.8mmHgrespectively.Assumingthattheyformideal
solutionovertheentirerangeofcompositionwhetheritispositiveor
negativedeviationfromtheidealsolution?

ELECTROCHEMISTRY
CHAPTER3
WEIGHATGE5
VERYSHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS(OF1MARKEACH)
1. Canyoustorecoppersulphatesolutionsinazincpot?

2. Whydoestheconductivityofasolutiondecreasewithdilution?
3. Whatareprimarycells?
4. Whatisovervoltage?
5. Whataresecondarycells
6. Definecorrosion.
7. StateFaradaysfirstlawofelectrolysis.
8. StateFaradayssecondlawofelectrolysis.
9. HCldoesnotgiveanacidicsolutioninbenzene.Why?
10. Underwhatconditionwillagalvaniccellsendnocurrentintoouter
circuit?
11. Howdoescathodicprotectionofironoperate?
12. Howfluoridecanbeconvertedtofluorine?
13. Suggesttwomaterialsotherthanhydrogenthatcanbeusedasfuels
infuelcells.
14. Rustingofironisquickerinsalinewaterthaninordinarywater.Whyis
itso?
15. Express mathematically relationship among the resistance specific
conductivityandcellconstant

SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTION:(2MARKSEACH)
16. .Howmuchcopperisdepositedonthecathodeofanelectrolyticcellif
acurrentof5ampereispassedthroughasolutionofcoppersulphate
for45minutes?
17. Why is that Aluminum cannot be obtained by electrolysis of an
aqueoussolutionofAluminum?
18. WhatdoyoumeanbyFaradaysConstant?
19. DeriverelationshipbetweenResistance,SpecificConductivityandCell
Constant?
20. HCldoesnotgiveanacidicsolutioninBenzeneandwhy?
21. StatetwoadvantagesofH2O2fuelcelloverordinarycells.
22. What is meant by specific conductivity of a solution / The specific
conductance of a 0.12 N solution of an electrolyte is 2.4 x102S/cm
.Calculateitsequivalentconductance.
23. Writethecellreactionswhichoccurinleadstoragebattery
(i)Whenthebatteryisinuseand
(ii)Whenthebatteryisoncharging.
24. A solution of Ni(NO3) is electrolysed between platinum electrodes
using a current of 5 amperes for 20 minutes .What mass of Ni is
depositedatthecathode?
25. Calculate the potential of hydrogen electrode in contact with a
solutionwhosepHis10.
26. Explained how rusting of iron is envisaged as setting up of an
electrochemicalcell.

10

27. AsolutionofCuSO4iselectrolysedfor10minuteswithacurrentof1.5
amperes.Whatisthemassofcopperdepositedatthecathode?
28. Write the chemistry of recharging the lead storage battery,
highlightingallthematerialsthatareinvolvedduringrecharging.
29. Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an
electrolyte.Discusstheirvariationwithconcentration.
30. StateFaradayssecondlawofelectrolysis?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTION:(3MARKSEACH)
31. How much Cu is deposited on the cathode of an electrolysis cell if a
currentof5AispassedthroughasolutionofCopperSulphate?
32. Explain Kohlrausch Law of independent migration of ions and also
mentiononeapplicationofit?
33. What is meant by specific conductivity of a solution and how it is
relatedwithcellconstant?
34. What is meant by molar conductivity of a solution? The specific
conductivityof0.4MsolutionofKClat298Kis4.96S/cmcalculateits
molarconductivity?
35. Whatarefuelcells?
36. Write the electrode reaction of fuel cell which uses the reaction of
HydrogenwithOxygen?
37. Explainmercurycellwithreactionsatanodeandcathode?
38. Why the potential of the mercury cell remains constant throughout
thelife?
39. Whatiscorrosion
40. How does molar conductivity varies with concentration for weak
electrolyte?

11

LONGANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS(5MARKSEACH)
41. Explain the term electrolysis .Write the reactions at cathode and
anodewhenfollowingsubstancesareelectrolysed:
(i) MoltenNaCl
(ii) AqueoussolutionofNaCl
42.Whatismeantbyelectrochemicalseries?Howdoesithelpin:
(i) comparingtherelativeoxidizingorreducingpowersofdifferent
elements
(ii)predicting whether metal will react with the acid to give
hydrogengasornot?Howtheelectrodepotentialcanbeused
topredicttheproductsofelectrolysisofananaqueoussolution
ofanelectrolyte?Explainwithasuitableexample?
43.(a)Explainthefollowing:
(i) ElectrolysisofaqueoussolutionofNaClgivesH2atcathode
andCl2gasatanode.
(ii) Electrolysis of aqueous solution of CuBr2 gives Cu at
cathodeandBr2attheanode.
(ii) A Bromide or iodide on electrolysis give Br2 or I2 at the
anodewhereasoffluoridedoesnotgiveattheanode.
(b) Describe standard hydrogen electrode and give one of its
applications.
44

(i)
Whydoesadrycellbecomedeadafteralongtimeevenif
ithasnotbeenused?
(ii)
Why does a mercury cell gives a constant voltage
throughoutitslife?

12

45 BluecolourofCopperSulphatesolutionisslowlydischargedwhenan
ironrodisdippedintoit.ExplainthisbycalculatingGibbsfreeenergy
withthehelpofElectrochemicalseries?

13

CHEMICALKINETICS
CHAPTER4
WEIGHTAGE5

VERYSHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(1MARKEACH)
1. Whatisdifferencebetweenaveragerateandinstantaneousrate
ofachemicalreaction?
2. Whatistheorderofreactioniftherateofreactionisindependent
ofconcentrationofallthereactants?
3. Definerateofreaction.
4. Whataretheunitsofrateconstantforafirstorderreaction?
5. Nameonezeroorderreaction.
6. Whatatetheunitsofrateconstantforafirstorderreaction?
7. Whatistheorderofradioactivedecay?
8. Givetheunitsforspecificreactionrateconstantforazeroorder
reaction.
9. Whatismeantbyelementarystepofareaction?
10. How does the value of rate constant vary with reactant
concentration?
11. ThereactionA+BChasazeroorder.Whatistherateequation?
12. Whataretheunitsofrateconstantforasecondorderreaction?
13. Why is it that instantaneous rate of reaction does not change
whenapartofthereactingsolutionistakenout?

14

14. Is there any reaction for which reaction rate does not decrease
withtime?
15. Whenistherateofreactionequaltospecificreactionrate?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS(OF2MARKSEACH)
16. Whatisknownasactivationenergy?Howistheactivationenergy
affectedby:
(i)
Theuseofacatalystand
(ii)
11Ariseintemperature?

17. Whataspectofareactionisinfluencedbypresenceofcatalystwhich
increasestherateorpossibilityofthereaction?
18. State the role of activated complex in the reaction and state its
relationwithactivationenergy.
19. The rate constant for a first order reaction becomes six times when
thetemperatureisraisedfrom350Kto400K.Calculatetheactivation
energyforthereaction.
20. The conversion of molecules X to Y follows second order kinetics. If
concentnrationofXisincreasedtothreetimeshowwillitaffectthe
rateofformationofY.
21. Whatwillbetheeffectoftemperatureonrateconstant?
22. Draw a schematic graph showing how the rate of reaction changes
withchangeinconcentrationofreactant.
23. Show graphically how the rate of reaction depends on the
concentration of reactant when depends on the concentration of
reactantwhenthereisonlyreactantandthereactionisfirstorder?
24. Show that in a first order reaction ,time required for completion of
99.9%is10timesofhalflifeofthereaction.

15

25. The rate of the chemical reaction doubles for an increase of 10K in
absolutetemperaturefrom298K.Calculateactivationenergy?
26. Stateratelawforchemicalreaction
27. Why is that instantaneous rate of reaction does not change when a
partofreactingsolutionistakenout?
28. Whenistherateofreactionisequaltospecificreactionrate.
29. Deriveequationforthefirstorderreaction?
30. The rate of reaction X gives Y becomes 8 times when the
concentrationofthereactantXisdoubled.Writetheratelawforthe
reaction?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS(OF3MARKSEACH)
31. What isthe difference between average rate and instantaneous rate
ofachemicalreaction?
32. The half life of reaction is 50 mins. What will be the order of the
reactionifreactiongoestocompletionin100mins?
33. Definemolecularity?
34. Derivehalflifeofareaction?
35. Whatistheusefulofinitialratemethod?
36. Whatisknownasactivationenergy?
37. Whatarephotochemicalreactions?
38. Whatwillbetheeffectoftemperatureontherateconstant?
39. State the role of activated complex in the reaction and state its
relationwithactivationenergy.
40. Whataspectofareactionisinfluencedbypresenceofcatalystwhich
increasestherateorpossibilityofthereaction?

16

LONGANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS(OF5MARKSEACH)
41. (a)Therateofthefirstorderreactionis0.004mo/l/sat10minand
0.03at20minafterinitiation.Findhalflifeofthereaction.
(b)TherateconstantforanreactionABis4.5x103min1.Ifthe
initialconc.OfAis1M,calculatetherateofreactionafter1hr.
42. The half life for radioactive decay of d14 C is 5730 years . An
archaeologicalartifactcontainwoodhasonly80%ofthe14C.Found
inalivingtreeEstimatetheageofsample?
43. TimerequiredtodecomposedSO2Cl2tohalfofitsinitialamountis60
minutes . If the decomposition is a first order reaction, calculate the
rateconstantofthereaction.
44. Therateconstantsofareactionat500Kand700Kare0.02persecond
and 0.07 per second respectively .Callculate the values of activation
energyandarheniusfactor.
45. Calculate the value of activation energy , if rate of reaction doubles
whenriseintemperaturefrom295Kto305Ktakesplace.

17

SURFACECHEMISTRY
CHAPTER5
(WEIGHTAGE3MARKS)
VERYSHORTANSWERQUESTIONS(1MARKEACH)
1. Inwhatwayisasoldifferentfromagel.
2. Whatismeantbythetermpeptization?
3. Why do colloidal solution exhibits Tyndall effect ?Mention one
applicationofemulsion?
4. Whatiselectrophoresisdueto?
5. Howdoessoaphelpinwashingclothes?
6. How does chemical adsorption of a gas on a solid vary with
temperature?
7. Name two industrial process in which heterogeneous catalyst are
employed.
8. OfNH3andN2whichgaswillbeadsorbedmorereadilyonthesurface
ofcharcoalandwhy?
9. Howdoestheadditionofalumpurifywater?
10.Whatiselectrophoresis?
11.Howisdialysiscarriedout?
12.Giveanexampleofhetrogenouscatalysedreaction?
13.Inwhatwayisasoldifferentfromgel?
14.Giveanexampleofassociatedcolloid?
15.Whatistyndoleffect?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF2MARKSEACH)

18

16.Whatismeantbycriticalmicelleconcentration?
17.Whathappenswhenfreshlypreparedferrichydroxideisshakenwitha
littleamountofdiluteferricchloride?
18.Whyisadsorptionisalwaysexothermic?
19.Why are powdered substances more effective adsorbent than their
crystallineforms?
20.WhyisnecessarytoremoveCOwhenammoniaisobtainedbyHabers
process?
21.Whatissorption?
22.What is observed when sodium chloride is added to a colloidal
solutionofferrichydroxide?
23.Whatisthefunctionofemulsifyingagent?
24.Action of soap is due to emulsification and micelle formation
comment.
25.Whyistheesterhydrolysisslowinthebeginningandbecomesfaster
aftersometimes?
26.Explainwhatisobserved:
(i) Whenabeamoflightispassedthroughacolloidalsol.
(ii) AnelectrolyteNaClisaddedtohydratedferricoxidesol.
(iii)Electriccurrentispassedthroughacolloidalsol.
27 Explainthetermwithsuitableexample:
(i)Alcosol
(ii)Aerosol
(iii)Hydrosol

19

28.How are colloids classified on the basis of physical states of the

dispersedphaseanddispersionmedium?
29.What is the difference between multimolecular and macromolecular
colloids ? Give one example of each .How are associated colloids
differentfromthesetwotypesofcolloids?
30.Discuss the effect of pressure and temperature on the adsorption of
gasesonsolids?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF3MARKSEACH)
31.What is the sign of enthalpy and entropy when bromine gas get
adsorbedoncharcoal?
32.Whyskyappearsblue?
33.Howcanacolloidalsolutionandtruesolutionofthesamecolourbe
distinguishedfromeachother?
34.Why is smoke passed through charged plates before allowing it to
comeoutofchimneysinfactories?
35.Whatareaerosols?Givetwoexamples.
36.WhatismeantbyCMC?
37.Whatroledoesadsorptionplayinhetrogenouscatalysis?
38.Whathappenswhenelectricfieldisappliedtoacolloidalsolution?
39.Whydocolloidalsolutionexhibittyndoleffect?
40.Whatissorption?

20

GENERALPRINCIPLESANDPROCESSESOFISOLATIONOFELEMENTS
CHAPTER6
(WEIGHTAGE3)
VERYSHORTANSWERTYPE:(1MARKEACH)
1. Namethe3mostabundantelementintheearthcrust.
2. GivecompositionofDolomite.
3. Namesulphidesoresof(i)Fe(ii)Mn
4. Nametheelementpresentinseaweeds.
5. Giveformulaof(i)Haematite(ii)Magnetite.
6. Whatdomeanbyroastingandcalcinations.?
7. WriteshortnotesonZonerefininfandLiquation?.
8. What is Van arkel method of refining metal? Explain by giving an
example.
9. Whichisbetterreducingagentat7100C,CorCO?
10.Namethereducingagentusedinaluminiothermicprocess.
11.NametheelementpresentinSeaWeed?
12.Whatismeantbychromatography?
13.NamehalideoreofAgandK?
14.NameoneoxideoreofSnandFe?
15.StatetheroleofSilicainmetallurgyofCopper?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTION:(OF2MARKSEACH)
16.WhycoppermatteisputinSilicalinedofAluminum?

21

17.Whatistheprincipleofseparationofmetalionsinqualitiveanalysis?
18.WriteshortnotesonVapourphaserefiningandelectrolyticrefining?
19.Copperandsilverarebelowhydrogenelectrochemicalseriesandyet
theyarefoundinthecombinedstateassulphideinnaturecomment.
20.Whatmetalsaregenerallyextractedbytheelectrolyticprocess?What
positionsdothesemetalsgenerallyoccupyintheperiodictable?
21.Write the name of the places in India where the following ores are
foundandgivetheirformulae:HaematiteandBauxite.
22.Indicate the temperature at which carbon can be used as reducing
agentforFeO.
23.Namethemetalswhichareassociatedwiththefollowingterms:
(a)Bessemersconverter
(b)Blastfurnance
24.Is it true under certain conditions Mg can reduce SiO2 and Si can
reduceMgO?Whatarethoseconditions?
25.Whatisthethermodynamicconsiderationinthechoiceofareducing
agentinmetallurgy?
26.Althoughthermodynamicallyfeasibleinpracticemagnesiummetalis
notusedforthereductionofaluminainthemetallurgyofaluminium.
Why?
27.Howisleachingcarriedoutincaseoflowgradecopperores?
28.Whyistheextractionofcopperfrompyritedifficultthanthatfromits
oxideorethroughreduction?
29.Write down the reactions taking place in different zones in the blast
furnanceduringtheextractionofiron.

22

30.Name the process from which chlorine is obtained as a by product.

What will happen if an aqueous solution of NaCl is subjected to
electrolysis?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTION:(OF3MARKSEACH)
31.WriteshortnoteonZoneRefining?
32.Whatmetalsaregenerallyextractedbyelectrolysisprocess?
33.Discusssomeofthefactorswhichneedsconsiderationbefore
decidingextractionofmetalsfromitsore?
34.IndicatethetemperatureatwhichCcanbeusedasreducingagentfor
FeO?
35.NameSulphideoreofSilverandCopperwiththeprincipalbehind
theirextraction?
36.DescribethemethodforrefiningNickel?
37.HowisCastIronisdifferentfromPigIron?
38.WhatisthesignificanceofleachingintheextractionoftheAluminum?
39.CucanbeextractedbyhydrometallurgybutnotZn,Explain?
40.IsittruethatundercertainconditionMgcanreduceSiO2andSican
reduceMgO,whatarethoseconditions?

23

THEPBLOCKELEMENTS
CHAPTER7
WEIGHTAGE8

VERYSHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(ONEMARKEACH)
1. DrawthestructureofXeF2molecule.
2. Writeonechemicalreactiontoshowthatchlorinegascanbeobtained
frombleachingpowder.
3. WhyisH2Smoreacidicthanwater.
4. Givereasonforthefollowing:
(a) PH3isaweakerbasethanNH3.
5. WhyisN2notparticularlyreactive?
6. On being slowly passed through water PH3 forms bubbles but NH3
dissolves.Whyisitso?
7. Whydonoblesgasesformcompoundswithfluorineandoxygenonly?
8. WhyisHFtheweakestacidamonghydrohaloacidsinspiteofthefact
thatfluorineismostelectronegative?
9. Whichcompoundledtothediscoveryofthecompoundsofnoblegas?
10.ExplainwhyOxygenisagaswhileSulphurisasolid?.
11.Name one Ion whose central atom has the sp3d3 type of hybrid
orbitals?
12.Noblegasesaremostlychemicallyinert,why?
13.Why is bond dissociation energy of Fluorine molecule than Chlorine
molecule?

24

14.DrawtheshapeofSF6?
15.WhichhaslargerbondangleH2SorH2O
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF2MARKSEACH)
16.HowdoyouaccountforthereducingbehaviorofH3PO4?
17.Whyphosphinicacidbehavesasamonoproticacid
18.Howammoniamanufacturedindustrially?
19Howisnitrogenpreparedinthelaboratory?
20.GivethereasonforbleachingactionCl2?
21.Illustrate how copper metal can give different products on reaction
withHNO3.
22.Write main differences between the properties of white phosphorus
andredphosphorus.
23.WritetheconditionstomaximizetheyieldofSulphuricacidbycontact
process.
24.Seaisgreatestsourceofsomehalogens.Comment
25.Nametwopoisonousgaseswhichcanbepreparedfromchlorinegas.
26.Whyarefluorineandoxygencompoundmoreaptlycalledasoxygen
floride?
27.WhyisHFisweakestacidamonghydrohaloacids?
28.WritetwousesofelementalSilinium?
29.Defineinertpaireffect?
30.GivethedisproportionationreactionofH3PO3
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF3MARKSEACH)

25

31.How would you account that Hydrogen Floride is much less volatile
thanHCL?
32.CanPCl5actasanoxidizingaswellasreducingagent,justify?
33.WhydoesammoniaformhydrogenbondbutPH3doesnot?
34.WhyisHeliumusedindivingapparatus?
35.ExplainFluorineformsonlyoneoxoacids?
36.Whyisdioxygenagasbutsulphurissolid?
37.Whitephosphorousismorereactivethanredphosphorous,Explain?
38.DrawthestructuresofH3PO3andXeOF4
39.SugargetcharredonadditionofConcSulphuricAcid,Givereasons?
40.Why does nitrogen shows catenation properties less than
phosphorous?
LONGANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF5MARKSEACH)
41.Give reason reasons for reasons for each of the following
observations:
(i) Sulphurvapourexhibitssomeparamagneticbehavior.
(ii) DespitelowerelectronaffinityF2isstrongeroxidizingagentthan
Cl2.
(iii)Interhalogenscompoundsaremorereactivethanhalogens.
(iv)Of the noble gases only xenon is known to form real chemical
compounds.
(v) Nitrogen shows little tendency for catenation, whereas
phosphorusshowsacleartendencyforcatenation.
42.

(i) Howisbleachingpowderprepared?Mentiontwoitsuses.

26

(ii)

Give two compounds of halogens in which the halogens

displaydifferentpositiveoxidationstates.

43 Justify the placement of O,S,Se,Te and Po in the same group of

electroniccofiguratin,oxidationstateandhydrideformation.
44.Mentionthreeareasinwhichsulphuricacidplaysanimportantrole.
45 (i) OutofHIandHClwhichhasaweakercovalentbondandwhat
effecthasitontheiracidstrengths?
(ii) Drawthestructureofperoxomonosulphuricacid.
46.(i)WhyHydrogeniodideosastrongeracidthanhydrogenfluoridein
aqueoussolution?
(ii)Whythebasiccharacteramongthehydridesofgroup15elements
decreaseswithincreasingatomicnumbers?
47 (i)Withthehelpofchemicalequations,explaininbrieftheprinciple
ofcontactprocessforthemanufactureofsulphuricacid.
(ii)HowwouldyouaccountthatH3PO2actsasmonobaxicacid.
48.Accountforthefollowing
(i) Neonisnotknowntoformcompounds
(ii) SbF5ismuchmorestablethanBiF5.
49.Whatareinterhalogencompouondsandwhyaretheymorereactive
thancorrespondingmoleculerhalogens?
50.

Discussthetrendsinchemicalreactivityofgroup15elements?

27

THEdANDfBLOCKELEMENTS
CHAPTER8
WEIGHTAGE5MARKS

VERYSHORTAHSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(1MARKEACH)
1. WhyisthethirdionizationenergyofMgz=25unexpectedlyishigh?
2. Inthetransitionserieswithanincreaseinatomicnumbertheatomic
radiusdoesnotchangesverymuchWhyitisso?
3. Writetheatomicno.oftheelementinwhichthefillingof3dsubshell
intheatomjuststarts?
4. NameoneoreofMgandCr?
5. Whichisthemoststableoxidationstateamonglanthanoids?
6. State the common characteristic of actinoids and lanthanoids which
placestheminthefblockelements?
7. Writeanytwousesofpyrophoricalloys
8. Write the ionic equation representing the 0xidising properties of
acidifiedKMnO4solution
9 Whyarethecompoundsoftransitionmetalsgenerallycoloured?
10 Whichpropertyofthetransitionmetalmakesthemgoodcatalyst?
11.Whyistransitionmetalsshowshighenthalpyofhydration?
12.GiveoneuseofNeobium?
13.Whatarecoinagemetals?
14.NamethemetalthatisrefinedbyMondsprocess?
15.WhyisCuconsideredasatransitionmetal?

28

SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTION:(OF2MARKSEACH)
16Writechemicalequationforthereactionsinvolvedinmanufacturedof
potassiumpermanganatefrpmpyrolusiteore?
17 What is meant by Lanthanoids contraction .State one use of each of
lanthanoidsmetalsandtheiroxide?
18 Describewithchemicalequationthestepinvolvedinthepreparation
ofpotassiumdichromatefromsodiumchromate?
19 What are interstitial compounds ? Mention their two important
propertieis?
20 Explain why the first ionization energies of the element of the first
transitionseriesdonotvarymuchwithincreaseinatomicnumber?
21 Towhatextentdotheelectronicconfigurationdecidethestabilityof
oxidationstateinthefirstseriesoftransitionelements?Illustratewith
example?
22 Whatarethedifferentoxidationstateexhibitedbythelanthonoids?
23 Howwouldyouaccountfortheirregularvariationsoffirstandsecond
ionizationenthalpiesinthefirstseriesoftransitionelements?
24 What is meant by disproportionation of an oxidation states?Give an
example
25 Discuss the general characteristics of 3d series of the transition
elementwithspecialreferencetotheir:
(i)Atomicsizes
(ii)Enthalpiesofatomisation
26. WhichisstrongerreducingagentCr2+orFe2+andwhy?
27. ActinoidcontractionisgreaterthanLanthanoidcontractionandwhy?

29

28. Evaluatethe magnetic moment ofa divalent ion in aqueous solution

ofatomicNo25?
29. ExplainwhyCu2+isstableinaqueoussolution?
30. Whatismischmetalandmentionitstwouse?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTION:(OF3MARKSEACH)
31. Whatareinterstitialcompoundsandmentionedtwoimportant
properties?
32. WhichoutofSe3+andCr3+exhibitsparamagnetismandwhy?
33. Explainwhythefirstionizationenergiesoftheelementofthefirst
seriesdoesnotvarymuchwithincreaseinatomicnumber?
34. Explainlanthanoidcontraction?
35. Whatismeantbydisproportationationreaction?
36

Explainthefollowing:
(i)Transitionelementstendtobeunreactivewithincreasingatomic
no.intheseries
(ii) d block elements exhibits more oxidation states than f block
elements
(iii) A green chromium compounds A on fusion with alkali gives
yellowcompoundsBwhichonacidificationgivesanorangecoloured
compoundsC.ContreatmentwithNH4Clgivesanorangecoloured
productDWhichonheatingdecomposestogivebackAIdentifyABC
andD.Writeequationforreaction

37

(i) Give the balanced chemical equation of two reaction in which

KMnO4actsasanoxdisingagentintheacidicmedium
(ii)Chemistryoftheactinoidsismuchmorecompliciatedthanthatof
lanthanoids.Why

30

38 Writetheelectronicconfigurationoftheelementswiththeatomicno.
61,91,101,109.
39. Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of lanthanoids with
referenceto:
(i)Electronicconfiguration
(ii)Oxidationstate
(iii)Chemicalreactivity
40 Name the members of the lanthanoids series which exhibits +4
oxidation states and those which exhibits +2 oxidation states try to
correlate this type of behavior with electronic configuration of these
elements.
LONGANSWERTYPEQUESTION:(OF5MARKEACH)
41 Whatarealloys?Nameanimportantalloywhichcontainssomeofthe
lanthanoidsmetals.Mentionitsuses.
42 Calculate the unpaired electrons in following gaseous ions : Mn 3+
,Cr+3,V+3,and Ti+3. Which one of these is the most stable in aquesous
solution?
43 Whatisthebasicdifferencesbetweentheelectronicconfigurationof
thetransitionandinnertransitionelements?
44 What are paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances ?Account for
theparamagneticcharacteroftransitionmemtalcompounds.Howdoes
the paramagnetic character of the bivalent ions of first transition metal
seriesvaryfromTi(z=22)tocopper(z=29)?
45 Howwouldyouaccountforthefollowing?
(i)Onlytransitionmetalsformcomplexcompouondswithligandsuchas
CO.

31

(ii) Sc, the first member of first transition series does not exhibit
variableoxidationstate.

32

COORDINATIONCOMPOUNDS
CHAPTER9
Weightage3marks:
VERYSHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(1MARKEACH)
1. Writeionizationisomersof[Co(NH3)5Br]SO4?
2. Definecoordinationnumber?
3. Whatisthedifferencebetweendoublesaltandcomplexcompound?
4. Name the type of isomerism that occurs in complexes in which both
cationsandanionsarecomplexions?
5. Namethemetalpresentinchlorophyllandhaemoglobin?
6. Howmanycoordinationsitesarethereinethylenediamine?
7. Giveanexampleofhexadentateligand?
8. Giveanexampleofchelatecomplexes?
9. Writethenameofdidentateligand?
10. Giveanexampleofambidentateligand?
11. Give the chemical formula for the compound potassium
hexacynocobaltate(iii)?
12. Howmanyisomersarethereforoctahedralcomplex[COCl2en(NH3)2]?
13. Writetheformulaoftetrachlorocuprate(ii)ion?
14. Giveanexampleofhexadentateligand?
15. Howmanycoordinationsidesarethereinethylenediamine?
SHORTANSWERTYPE:(OF2MARKSEACH)

33

16. How is magnitude of o affected by nature of ligand and oxidation

stateofmetalion?
17. Using the valence bond approach predict the shape and magnetic
characterof[Fe(CN)6]3ion?
18. Illustrate with an example of ionization isomerism in coordination
compounds?
19. Describebrieflythenatureofbondinginmetalcarbonyl?
20. How is stability of coordination compounds determined in aqueous
solution?
21. What type of isomerism is exhibited by [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ Br? Write the
structuresofthepossibleisomersandthestateofhybridizationofthe
centralmetalatom?
22. Writeallisomersof[Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl2
23. Whatismeantbyhexadentateligand?Giveoneexample.Howissuch
ligandusefulformeasuringhardnessofwater?
24. Mention applications of coordination compounds in following areas
givinganexampleofeach:
(a) AnalyticalChemistry
(b) Extractionofmetals
25. Usingvalencebondtheoryexplainthebondingin[Cr(H2O)6]3+.(AtNo
Cr=24)
26. Writethestateofhybridizationandtheoxidationstateofthecentral
atomineachofthefollowingspecies:
(a)

Cis[Co(NH3)4Cl2]

(b) [PtCl3(C2H4)]

(AtomicNumberofPt=78)

34

27. Using the valence bon approach, deduce the shape and magnetic
behaviorof[Cr(NH3)6]3+ion
28. Predicttheshapeandmagneticcharacterofeachofthefollowing:
(a) [Cr(NH3)6]3+
(b) [Cr(CO)6]

(AtomicnumberofCr=24)

29. Write the structures of a pair of complexes showing geometrical

isomerism?
30. Inacomplexion:[Co(NH3)3(H2O)2Cl]+
(a) Identifytheligandsformulaandthechangeoneachoneofthem
(b) Writethegeometryofcomplexion
SHORTANSWERTYPE:(OF3MARKSEACH)
31. Illustrate with a example ionization isomerism in coordination
compounds?
32. Howisstabilityofcoordinationcompoundsisdeterminedinaqueous
solution?

33. Explaincrystalfieldtheory?
34. ExplainWernerstheoryofcoordinationchemistry?
35. Definesecondaryvalencywithexamples?
36. Definechelatingligand?
37. Whatdoyoumeanbylinkageisomerism,explainwithexamples?
38. Giveanexampleoflinkageandionizationisomerism?
39. WritethepostulatesofValenceBondTheory?
40. Whatismeantbyhexadentateligands.

35

HALOALKANESANDHALOARENES
CHAPTER10
Weightage4marks
VERYSHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(1MARKEACH)
1. Nametheinstrumentusedformeasuringspecificrotation.
2. Whataremesocompouonds
3. Whatismeantbyresolution?
4. Whatismeantbyspecificrotation?
5. Whatismeantbydhiralityofmolecules?
6.

An alkyl halide having molecular formula C4H9Cl is optically

active.Whatisitsstructure?

7. Whatisretention?
8. WhatisorderforSN2mechanism?
9. Whatismeantbyplanepolarizedlight?
10.

Whatismeantbyplanepolarizedlight?

11.

Inversionisassociatedwithtypeofmechanisms?

12.

Whatarediastereomers?

13.

Why is Sulphuric Acid not used during the reaction of alcohols

withKI?

14.

Out of C6H5CH2Cl and C6H5CHCIC6H5, which is more easily

hydrolysedbyKOH?

15.

Whatismeantbychiralityofmolecule?

SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS(2MARKSEACH)

36

16.

WhatismeantbyaxisofSymmetry?

17.

HowMaymethylbromidebepreferentiallyconvertedtomethyl
cyanideandmethylisocynide?

18.

Howcaniodoformbepreparedfromethanol?

19.

Startingfrommethyliodide,howwillyouprepare:
(i)nitromethaneand
(ii)methylnitrite?Writethecompletereactioninvolved.

20.

DescribelaboratorypreparationofChloroform.Whyisitstrored
indarkcolouredbottles?Givefourmainusesofchloroform.

21.

How can enantiomers different from diastereomers? Give one

exampleofeach.

22.

Convert:
(i)Benzenetopnitrochlorobenzene
(ii)Choropropanetopropanol

23.

What is an electrophile ? Give two examples of electrophilic

substitutionreactions.

24.

WhathappenswhenpropeneistreatedwithHBrinprescence
ofperoxide?

25.

PrimaryalkylhalideC4H9Br(A)ReactedwithalcoholicKOHtogive
compound(B).CompoundBisreactedwithHBrtogiveCwhichis
an isomer of A.When A is reacted with sodium metal it gives
compound D C8H18 that was different from the compound
formedwhennbutylbromideisreactedwithsodium.Givethe
structural formula of A and write the equations for all the
reactions.

26.

Explainwhythedipolemomentofchlorobenzeneislowerthan
thatofcyclohexylchloride?

37

27.

Explain why Grignard reagent should be prepared under

anhydrousconditions.

28.

Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity

towardsSN2displacement:
(I) 2Bromo2methylbutane
Bromopentane

1bromopentane

,2

(II) 1 Bomo3methyl butane , 2Bromo2methyll butane, 3

Bromo2methylbutane
29. AnalkylchlorideAonretionwithmagnesiumindryetherfollowed
by treatment with ethanol gave 2methylbutane.Write all the
possiblestructuresofA.
30. Thenucleophilicsubstitutionofprimaryalkylchlorideswithsodium
acetateiscatalysedbysodiumiodide.Explainwhy?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS(3MARKSEACH)
31. pMethoxybenzylbromidereactsfasterthanpnitrobenzylbromide
withethanoltoformanetherproduct.Explainwhy.
32. Howwillyoudistinguishbetween:
(i) Propan1olandPropan2ol?
(ii) Methylamine(CH3NH3)andDimethylamine[(CH3)2NH3]
33.

Writethestructuresofmainproductsof:
(i) ChlorinationofbenzeneinpresenceofUVlight?
(ii) PropeneistreatedwithHBrinpresenceofbenzoylperoxide?

34. The nucleophilic substitution of primary alkyl chloride with

sodiumacetateiscatalysedbysodiumiodide.Why?
35.

Whathappenswhen:

38

(i) NbutylchlorideistreatedwithalcoholicKOH?
(ii) BromobenzeneistreatedwithMginthepresenceofdryether?
(iii)
36.

Cholrobenzeneissubjectedtohydrolysis/

Writetheequationforpreparationof1iodobutanefrom:
(i) 1butanol
(ii) but1ene

37. An excess of methyl magnesium iodide reacts with 0.6g of an

organic compound C3H6O3 to evolve 295.7 ml of methane gas at
STP? Calculate the number of active hydrogen atoms in the
moleculeoforganiccompound?
38. Write chemical equations and reaction conditions for the
conversionof:

39.

(i)

Ethenetoethanol

(ii)

Propeneto1propanol

(iii)

Chloroformtoethane

Explainwhy:
(i) Vinyl Chloride is unreactive in nucleophilic substitution
reactions?
(ii) neopentyl bromide undergone nucleophilic substitution
reactionareveryslowly?
(iii)
3bromocyclohexane is more reactive than
bromocyclohexaneinhydrolysiswithaqueosNaOH?

40. Which of the following compounds will give positive iodoform

test:
(i)

Butan1ol

39

(ii)

Butan2ol

(iii)

Tertbutanol

LONGANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF5MARKSEACH)
41.

42.

Howwillyoubringaboutthefollowingconversion:
(i)

EthenetoBromethene

(ii)

ToulenetoBenzene

(iii)

Ethanoltobut1yne

(iv)

Propenetopropyne

(v)

Benzenetobiphenyl

Explain:
(i) Whatisopticalactivity?Whatarethenecessaryandsufficient
conditionsforamoleculetoexhibitopticalactivity?
(ii) What is optical rotation? Name the instrument used to
measureopticalrotation.Howisopticalrotationdifferentfrom
specificrotation?

43. Whatarenucleophilicsubstitutionreactions?Whattypeofalkyl
halideundergoesnucleophilicsubstitutionreactionviaSN1andSN2
mechanisms? Describe the mechanism and stereochemistry of the
reaction?
44.

Explain:
(i) Differential between meso compound and racemic
mixture.Giveoneexampleofeach/
(ii)

Giveopticalisomersof2chlorobutane

(iii)
What is meant by retention of configuration? Illustrate
withexamples?

40

ALCOHOLS,PHENOLSANDETHERS
CHAPTER11
Weighatge4marks
VERYSHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTION(1MARKEACH)
1 Mentiontwousesofmethanol?
2 Whyonitrophenolhaslowerboilingpointthanpnitrophenol.
3 Howisacetoneobtainedfrom2bromopropane?
4 Givechemicaltesttodistinguishedbetweenphenolandbenzoicacid.
5 Writeoneexampleofeach:nucleophileandelectropphile.
6 Inabsenceofkeroseneoilcanwestoresodiummetalindiethylether
orethylalcoholoranhydroushexanol?
7 Howisphenolobtainedfromaniline?
8 Howisethanoicacidindustriallyobtainedfromethanol?
9 Mentionanindustrialproductmanufacturedfrommethanol.
10 Howmanysigmabondsarepresentin3methylphenol?
11 Write chemical reaction for the preparation of phenol from
chlorobenzene.
12 Givereasonforthehigherboilingpointsofethanolincomparisonto
methoxymethane.
13 WhathappenswhenCumeneistreatedwithoxygenandtheproduct
ishydrolysedwithdiluteacid.
14 Nameacompoundwhichisusedasantisepticaswellasdisinfectant.

41

15 What happens when propanaol is treated with HCl in prescence of

anhydrousZnCl2
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF2MARKSEACH)
16 Howwouldyouaccountforthefollowing:
(i)Phenolsaremuchmoreacidicthanalcohols.
(ii)Theboilingpointsofethersaremuchlowerthanthoseofthe
alcoholsofcomparablemolarmasses.
17 GiveanillustrationofReimerTiemannreaction.
18 What happens when ethanol is heated with concentrated sulphuric
acidat453K?Explainthemechanismofthisreaction.
19 Howarethefollowingconversionscarriedout?
(i)PhenoltoTolune
(ii)Ethanolto1,1dichloroethane.
20 While separating a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols by steam
vikatuke,Givereasons?
21 Describethemechanismsbywhichthehydroxylgroupattachedtoan
aromatic ring is more acidic than the hydroxyl group attached to an
alkylgroup.Howdoesthepresenceofanitrogroupinphenolaffect
itsacidiccharacter?
22 Of ethanol and n propanol which one gives iodoform test and why
doestheotheronenotdoso?
23 Phenol is a very weak acid.What substitutions in the molecule can
makeitastrongeracidandaweakeracidandwhy?
24 Why is it that phenol is acidic and hexanol is neutral towards a
solutionofNaOH?
25 Nitrationofphenolgivesonlyorthoandparaproducts.Givereasons.

42

26 What is Williamsons synthesis ? What type of compounds are

preparedbythisreaction?
27 Explain why cleavage of phenyl alkyl ether with HBr always gives
phenolandalkylbromide.
28 Explainmechanismofethanoltoethane.
29 Alcoholsarecomparativelymoresolubleinwaterthanhydrocarbons
ofcomparablemolecularmasses.Explainthisfact.
30 Preparation of ethers by acid dehydration of secondary or tertiary
alcoholsisnotasuitablemethod.Givereason.
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF3MARKSEACH)
31. WriteIUPACnamesofthefollowing:

(i)

C6H5OC2H5

(ii) C6H5OC7H15

32. Writethestructuresofthemajorproductsexpectedfromthe
followingreactions:

(i)

Mononitrationof3methylphenol

(ii) Dinitrationof3methylphenol

33. Givethestructuresoftheproductsyouwouldexpectwheneachof
thefollowingalcoholreactswith:

(i)

HClZnCl(ii)HBr(iii)SOCl2

34. Howwillyousynthesize:

(i)

1phenylethanolfromasuitablealkene?

(ii) pentan1olusingasuitablealkylhalide?

43

35. GivethestructuresandIUPACnameoftheproductsexpectedfrom
thefollowingreactions:

(i)

Catalyticreductionofbutanal

(ii) HydrationofPropeneinthepresenceofdilutesulphuricacid

36. Namethereagentsusedinthefollowingreactions:

(i)

Oxidationofaprimaryalcoholtocarboxylicacid

(ii) Brominationofphenolto2,4,6tribromophenol

37. Givetworeactionsthatshowtheacidicnatureofphenol.Compare
acidityofphenolwiththatofethanol?
38. DrawthestructuresofthecompoundswhoseIUPACnamesare:

(i)

2,3Diethylphenol

(ii) 1Ethoxypropane

39. Writetheequationofthereactionofhydrogeniodidewith

(i)

1Propoxypropane

(ii) Benzylethylether

40. Explainthefactthatinarylalkylethers
(i) thealkoxygroupactivatesthebezeneringtowardsthe
electrophilicsubstitution?
(ii) Directstheincomingsubstituentstoorthoandparapositionsin
benzenering?

44

ALDEHYDES,KETONESANDCARBOXYLICACIDS
CHAPTER12
Weightage6
VERYSHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(1MARKEACH)
1 Howisaminoethaneobtainedfromethanol?
2 Mentiononeimportantteststodistinguishbetween:
3 FormicacidandAceticacid
4 Mentiononeimportantuseofmethanoicacid.
5 Whatproductisobtainedwhenethylbenzeneisoxidizedwithalkaline
KMnO4.
6 What happens when ethanoyl chloride is subjected to Rosenmund
reduction?
7 WhenpropanoneissubjectedtoWolfKisherreduction,whatproduct
willbeobtained?
8 Whichtypeofaldehydesundergoaldolcondensation?
9 Why does acyl chloride have lower boiling point than corresponding
acids?
10 Nametwoimportantusesofformalin.
11.WritetheIUPACnameofCH3COCH2COCH3?
12.Howisacetoneobtainedfromethanol?
13.Mentiononeimportantuseofmethanoicacid
14.Whatproductisobtainedwhenethylbenzeneisoxidizedwithalkaline
KMnO4?

45

15.Write chemical tests to distinguish between Formic acid and acetic

acid?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(2MARKSEACH)
16 Givesimplechemicalteststodistinguishbetweenthefollowingpairs
ofcompounds:
(i)

AcetophenoneandBenzophenone

(ii)

BenzaldehydeandAcetophenone

17 Howwillyoubringaboutthefollowingconversionsinnotmorethan
twosteps?
(i)

Propnonetopropene

(ii)

Ethanolto3Hydroxybutanal

18 Explainduringthepreparationofestersfromacarboxylicacidandan
alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst , the water or the ester
shouldberemovedassoonasitisformed.
19 Why is carboxyl group in benzoic acid meta directing ? Support your
answerwithtwoexamples.
20 Drawthestructureofacarbonylgroupandindicateclearly
(i) Thehybridizedstateofcarbon
(ii) Thesigmaandpiebondspresent
21 Describe simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following
pairsofcompounds;
DiethyletherandPropanol
22 Write structural formulae and names of the four possible aldol
condensation products from propanal and butanal.In each case
indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which as
electropphile.

46

23 Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures

thancarboxylateioncarboxylicacidisastrongerthanphenol.Why?
24 Drawthestructuresofthefollowingcompounds:

(i) 3methylbutnal

(ii) 4cholropentane2one

25Two moles of organic compound A on treatment with a stron base

givestwocompoundsBandC.CompoundBondehydrogenationwith
Cu gives A while acidification of C yields carboxylic acid D having
molecularformulaofCH2O2.IdentifythecompouondsA,B,C,andD.
26 Howwillyouconvertethanolintothefollowingcompouonds?
(a) Buta2one
(b) butan1ol
27 Writechemicalreactionstoaffectthefollowingtransformations:
(i)

Butanoltobutanoicacid

(ii) Benzylalcoholtophenylethanoicacid
28 Drawstructuresofthefollowingderivatives
(i)

Cyclopropanoneoxime

(ii) Acetaldehydedimethylacetal
29 NamethefollowingcompoundstoIUPACnomenclature
(i)

CH3CH2COCH2CH2Cl

(ii) CH3COCH2COCH3
30 Give reason for the following Sodium bisulphate is used for the
purificationofaldehydesandketones.
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(3MARKSEACH)

47

31.Givechemicalteststodistinguishbetweenthefollowingpairof
compounds:

(i)

PropanaltoPropanone

(ii) BenzaldehydetoBenzoicacid

32.Writechemicalequationtoillustrateeachofthefollowingreaction:

(i)

Acylationreaction

(ii) Rosenmundreaction

33. (i) Mostaromaticacidsaresolidswhileaceticacidandothersofthe

seriesareliquids?
(ii) Whyketonesarelessreactivetowardsnucleophilesthan
aldehydes?
34. Statethesequenceofstepstoobtain:

(i)

Acetophenonefrombenzene

(ii) Acetonefromacetylchloride

35. State:

(i)

Whybenzaldehydedoesnotundergoaldolcondensation?

(ii) Howanacidamidemaybeconvertedtotheparentacid?

36. AnorganiccompoundA(molecularformulaC3H6O)isresistantto
oxidationbutformsacompoundB(C3H8O)onreduction.BreactswithHBr
toformabromideCwhichontreatmentwithalcoholicKOHformsan
alkeneD(C3H6).DeducethestructuresofA.B.C.D
37. Givinganexampleofeachwithnecessaryreactionconditions:

(i)

Tollenstest

(ii) Fehlingstest

48

(iii) FriedalCraftsReaction

38. Carboxylicaciddonotgivereactionofaldehydesandketones.Why?
39. Distinguishbetween:

(i)

Acetaldehydeandbenzaldehyde

(ii) PropanolandPropanone

40. WhypHreactionshouldbecarefullycontrolledwhilepreparing
ammoniaderivativesofcarbonylcompound?
LONGANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF5MARKSEACH)
41

Predict the product formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts

withfollowingreagents.
(i)

PhMgBrandthenH3O

(ii) Tollensreagent
(iii) Semicarbazideandweakacid
(iv) Excessethanolandacid
(v) Zincamalgamanddilutehydrochloricacid
42

(i)

Describethepreparationofaceticacidfromacetylene.

(ii) Howcanthefollowingbeobtainedfromaceticacid:
(a) Acetone?
(b) Acetaldehyde?
43

Whyistheboilingpointofanacidanhydridehigherthantheacidfrom
whichitisderived?

44

Whatismeantbythefollowingterms/Giveanexampleineachcase

(a) Cyanohydrin

49

(b) Semicarbazide
(c) Hemiacetal
(d) Ketal
(e) 2,4DNP
45

Giveplausibleexplanationforeachofthefollowing:
(i)

Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrins in good yield but 2,2,6tri

methylcyclohexanonedoesnot.

(ii) TherearetwoNH2groupsinsemicarbbazide.Howeveronlyone
isinvolvedintheformationofsemicarbazones.
(iii) During the preparation of esters from a carbosylic acid and an
alcoholinthepresenceofanacidcatalystthewaterortheester
shouldberemovedassoonasitisformed.

50

ORGANICCOMPOUNDSCONTAININGNITROGEN
CHAPTER13
Weightage4
VERYSHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(1MARKEACH)
1 Whydoaminesreactasnucleophiles?
2 MentiononecommercialuseofN,NDimethylaniline(DMA)
3 Giveachemicaltesttodistinguishbetweenanilineandethylamine.
4 Howismnitroanilineobtainedfromnitirobenzene?
5 Whyareprimaryamineshigherboilingthantertiaryamines?
6 Howisanilineobtainedfrombenzoicacid?
7 Writethechemicalequationsforthefollowingchemicalreactions: A
primaryamineispreparedfromaprimaryalkylhalide.
8 Howisthebasicstrengthofaromaticaminesaffectedbythepresence
ofanelectronreleasinggrouponthebenzenering?
9 Whatisthestructuralformulaofthezwitterionformedfromalanine?
10 Howisacetanilidepreparedfromaniline?
11 AnorganiccompoundAhavingmolecularformulaC2H7Nontreatment
withHNO2gaveanoilyyellowsubstance.IdentifyA.
12 Write the chemical reaction occurring in the preparation of
fluorobenzenefromaniline.
13 Accountforthefollowing:
Ammonolysis of alkyl halide does not give a corresponding amine in
purestate.
14 Writeonechemicalreactionforcarby;aminetest.

51

15 Name the compound formed by coupling reaction of 4

aminobenzenesulphonicacidandN,Ndimethylbenzenamineandgive
itsoneuse.
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF2MARKSEACH)
16Givereasons:
(i)

Methylamineisastrongerbasethanammonia.

(ii) ReactivityofNH2groupgetseducedinacetanilide.
17 Illustratethefollowingwithanexampleofreactionineachcase;
(i)

Sandmeyerreaction

(ii) Couplingreaction
18 Amino group is o,p directing for aromatic electrophilic substitution
.Why does aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m
nitroaniline?
19 Writereactionsofthefinalalkylationproductofanilinewithexcessof
methyliodideinthepresenceofsodiumcarbonatesolution.
20 Why cannot aromatic primary amines be prepared by Gabriel
phthalimidesynthesis?
21 Write chemical reaction of aniline with benzoyl chloride and write
nameoftheproductobtained.
22 Explain Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than
thoseofaliphaticamines.
23 Howwillyouconvert:
(i)

Nitromethaneintodimethylamine

(ii) Propanoicacidintoethanoicacid?

52

24 Describe tests to distinguish between Secondary amine and tertiary

amines.
25 Before reacting aniline with HNO3 for nitration it is converted to
acetanilide.Why is this done and how is nitroaniline obtained
subsequently?
26 Whydoesbrominationofaniline,evenunderverymildconditionsgive
2,4,6tribromoanilineinstantaneously?
27 Outofethylamineandethylalcoholwhichhashigherboilingpointand
why?
28 Givereasonsforthefollowing:
Sulphanilic acid I insoluble in water but is soluble both in aqueous
basesandaqueousmineralacidstakenseparately.
29 Explain why the amino group in aniline acts as a powerful activator
and ortho and para director towards electrophilic substitution
reaction.
30 Condensation of aniline and benzaldehyde gives compound A that is
hydrogenatedtogiveB.IdentifyAandB.

SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF3MARKSEACH)
31. Givereasons:

(i)

Methylamineisastrongerbasethanammonia?

(ii) ReactivityofNH2groupgetsreducedinacetanilide?

32. Writeshortnoteson:

(i)

Couplingreaction

(ii) Ammonolysis

53

33. Completethefollowingreaction:

(i)

C8H5NH2+CHCl3+alcKOH

(ii) C6H5N2Cl+C2H5OH

34. Howwillyouconvertthefollowing:

(i)

Methanoltoethanoicacid

(ii) Ethanamineintomethanamine

35. Writereactionofthefinalalkylationproductofanilinewithexcfessof
methyliodideinthepresenceofsodiumcarbonatesolution?
36. Howwillyouconvert4nitrotouleneto2bromobenzoicacid?
37. Giveonechemicaltesttodistinguishbetweenthefollowingpairof
compounds:

(i)

Anilineandbenzylamine

(ii) AnilineandNmethylaniline

38. Outofethylamineandethylalcoholwhichhashigherboilingpointand
why?
39. Describethefollowingprocesswithexamples:

(i)

Diazotisation

(ii) Acetylation

40. BeforereactinganilinewithHNO3fornitration,itisconvertedto
acetanilide.Whyisthisdoneandhowisnitroanilineisobtained?

54

BIOMOLECULES
CHAPTER14
WEIGHTAGE4
VERYSHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTION(1MARKEACH)
1. Whyiscelluloseinourdietnotnourishing?
2. Under what conditions does each protein take shape that is
energeticallymoststable?
3. In what sense are the two strands of DNA not identical but
complementary?
4. Menation two clases of niotrogen containing bases found in
nucleotides?
5. NamethepurinespresentinDNA
6. Definenativestateinreferencetoprotein?
7. Whyarecarbohydrategenerallyopticallyactive?
8. Giveexamplesofanomers?
9. NamethebasethatisfoundinnucleotideofRNAonly?
10. Whatareaminoacid?
11. Whattypeofbondingoccursinalphahelixconfiguration?
12. Namesimplestcarbohydratecontaining3carbonatom?
13. Whatstructuraldifferenceistherebetweenalphaglucoseandbeta?
14. Which type of bonds are responsible for secondary structure of
protein?
15. What products would be formed when a nucleotide from DNA
containingthymineishydrolyses?

55

SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF2MARKSEACH)
16. WhycannotvitaminCbestoredinourbody?
17. Enumeratethereactionofdglucosewhichcannotbeexplainedbyits
openchainstructure?
18. Statetwodifferencesbetweenglobularandfibrousprotein?
19. Whatareessentialandnonessentialaminoacids?
20. Explainthetermmutarotation,givinganexample?
21. Describetwoimportantfunctionsofnucleicacids?
22. Howdoyouexplaintheabsenceofaldehydegroupinpentaacetate
glucose?
23. The melting points and the solubility in water of amino acids are
generallyhigherthanthecorrespondinghaloacidswhyexplain?
24. Whatarereducingandnonreducingsugar?
25. Drawopenchainstructureofaldopentoseandaldohexose?
26. Whatarecommontypesofsecondarystructureofproteins?
27. Howdoyouexplaintheamphotericbehaviorofaminoacids?
28. Write the important structural and functional differences between
DNAandRNA?
29. Definevitaminsandstatetheirclassifications?
30. NamethemaindiseasescausedduetolackofVitaminanditssource
inA,B&C?
SHORTANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS:(OF3MARKSEACH)
31. State difference between globular and fibrous proteins. Give one
exampleofeach?

56

32. Statethedifferencebetweenthefollowingpairs:

33.

(a)

HelixandPleatedsheetstructures

(b)

Primaryandsecondarystructuresofprotein

Givetheproductsofhydrolysisof(a)maltose(b)Lactose

34.
What happens when DGlucose is treated with the following
reagents:
(a) HI (b) Brominewater (iii) NH3
35.
Writefourcharacteristicsfeaturesofenzymes.Nameadisease
whichiscausedbythedeficiencyofaparticularenzyme?
36.
Name three major classes of carbohydrates and give one
exampleofeachclass/
37.

Define:
(a)

Coenzymes

(b)

Mutationinbiomolecules

38.
Define vitamins and state their classification. List two vitamins
ofeachclassification?
39.
What do you mean by renaturation and denaturation of
proteins?
40.

Definethefollowingasrelatedtoproteins:
(a)

Peptidelinkage

(b)

Primarystructure

57

LONGANSWERTYPEQUESTIONS(OF5MARKSEACH)

41. WritedownthestructuresoftheproductformedwhenDGlucoseis
treatedwith:
(a) Hydroxylamine
(b) HI
(c) Ammonicalsilvernitrate
42. Howareharmonesandvitaminsdifferentinrespectoftheirsources
andfunctions?
43. Whatarecomplimentarybases,drawstructurestoshowhydrogen
bondingbetweenadenineandthymine?
44. Whattypeoflinkageisresponsibleforprimarystructureofprotein,
explainwithexample?
45. NamethethreemajorclassesofCarbohydratesandgivethe
distinctivecharacteristicofeachclass?

58

POLYMERS
CHAPTER15
WEIGHTAGE3MARKS
VERYSHORTANSWERS(1MARKEACH)
1. ExplainthedifferencebetweenBunaNandBunaS?
2. Definethetermpolymerization?
3. Whatarepolymers?
4. Definehomopolymer?
5. WritemonomersofBakelite?
6. UreaandFormaldehydearethemonomersofwhichpolymer?
7. Writethenameandstructureofoneofthecommoninitiaterusedin
freeradicaladditionpolymerization?
8. GivemonomersofGlyptal?
9. WritethestructureofmonomerusedinthepreparationofTeflon?
10. Howdoesvulcanizationchangethecharacterofnaturalrubber?
11. Whyarethenumbers66and6putinthenamesofnylon66and
nylon6?
12. DrawthestructureofthemonomerofNylon6?
13. Definecopolymer?
14. GiveexampleofBiodegradablepolymer?
15. DefineChaingrowthpolymerization?
SHORTANSWERSQUESTIONS:(OF2MARKSEACH)

59

16. Whatarebiodegradablepolymers?
17. Whatisthedifferencebetweenthermostaticandthermoplastic
polymers?
18. WriteformulaofmonomersofpolytheneandTeflon?
19. WritethestructureofmonomerusedInBunaN?
20. Whatareelastomers?
21. Howarepolymersareclassifiedindifferentcategories?
22. Howisterrylenesynthesized?
23. Namethefourcatergoryinwhichpolymershavebeenclassifiedon
thebasisofmagnitudeofforcespresentinthem?
24. HowisBakelitemadeandwhatisitsmeasureuse?
25. Whatarethedifferentwaysofinitiatingadditionpolymerization?
26. Giveoneexampleforeachdifferentiatebetweenthermostaticand
thermoplasticpolymers?
27. Howdoesthepresenceofdoublebondinrubbermoleculesinfluence
theirstructureandreactivity?
28. Whatarenaturalandsyntheticpolymers?
29. How can you differentiate between addition and condensation
polymerization?
30. HowisDecronobtainedfromethylyneglycolandterphthalicacids?
SHORTANSWERSQUESTIONS:(OF3MARKSEACH)
31. Explainthetermcopolymerization?
32. Discussthemainpurposeofvulcanizationofrubber?
33. Whatarebiodegradablepolymersandgivetwoexamples?

60

34. Write the names and the structures of the monomer units of
polystyrene?
35. Comment on the structural difference between thermoplastics and
thermosettingpolymers/
36. What are elastomers? Write the chemical equation to represent the
preparationofBunaS?
37. Writeequationusedforthesynthesisof:
(a)

Terylene

(b)

Neoprene

38. How can you differentiate between addition and condensation

polymerization?
39. HowisDacronobtainedfromethyleneglycolandterephtalicacid?
40. Write the monomers of Nylon2, Nylon6 and PHBV? Give their uses
also?

61

CHEMISTRYINEVERYDAYLIFE
CHAPTER16
WEIGHTAGE3MARKS

VERYSHORTANSWER(1MARKEACH)
1. Nametwonarcoticswhichareusedanalgesic?
2. Whyisethanolisaddedtosoap?
3. Whataretheusedofcompoundswhichisobtainedfromthebarkof
willowtree?
4. Whattypeofdrugpenicillinis?
5. NamethechemicalsresponsibleforDettol?
6. Definesoap?
7. Whyisbithionaladdedtothetoiletsoaps/
8. Nameonemedicinalcompoundusedtotreathypertension?
9. Whatarefoodpreservatives?
10. DefinethetermChemotherapy?
11. Whydosoapsnotworkedinhardwater?
12. Nameasubstancewhichcanbeusedasantisepticanddisinfectant?
13. Whattypeofdrugischloramphenicol?
14. Nameonemedicinalcompoundusedtotreat(i)Hypertension(ii)
BodyPain
15. WritetheIUPACnameofaspirin?
SHORTANSWERQUESTIONS:(OF2MARKSEACH)

62

16. Nameadrugusedinmentaldepression?
17. WritedowntheformulaeofParecetamolandwhatisitusedfor?
18. Whatareantipyraticmedicineandnameoneofthem?
19. Nameabroadspectrumantibioticsandstatetwodiseasesforwhichit
isprescribed?
20. Whatdoyouunderstandbybroadspectrumantibiotic?
21. Describethefunctionsofantibioticandantisceptic?
22. Whydowerequireartificialsweeteningagents?
23. Whydoweneedtoclassifyadrugindifferentways?
24. Whichforcesareinvolvedinholdingthedrugstoactivesidesof
Drugs?
25. WhyarecimetidineandranitidinebetterantacidsthanSodium
hydrogencarbonateandmagnesiumhydroxide?
26. Whatistinctureofiodine?
27. Howaresyentheticdetergentsbetterthansoaps?
28. Explainthecleansingactionofsoap?
29. Whyshouldnotmedicinesbetakenwithoutconsultingdoctors?
30. Whydosoapsdonotworkinhardwater?
SHORTANSWERQUESTIONS:(OF3MARKSEACH)
31. Mentiononeimportantuseof:(i)Equanil(ii)Sucralose
32. Nameabroadspectrumantibioticandstatetwodiseasesforwhichits
prescribed?
33. Describewithexamples:

63

(a)

Preservatives

(b)

Biodegradablesdetergents

34.

GivethreeexamplesofSulphadrugsandwritetheirmainuses?

35.

Writetheformulaofparacetomolanditsuses?

36.

Whatareantipyreticmedicinesandnameanyoneofthem?

37.

Whyparacetomolisispreferredoveraspirin?

38.

Givetwoexamplesoforganiccompoundsusedasantiseptics?

39.

Nametheactionofthefollowingonhumanbody:(a)Aspirin
(b)Paracetomol(c)Peniciliin

40.

Whydowerequireartificialsweeteningagents?