UPSC-CSE

Paper-I
1. Circuit Theory: Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods:
nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient
analysis: RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits;
coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits; Two-port networks.
2. Signals & Systems: Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals &
systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI
systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform,
Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals
DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.
3. E.M. Theory: Maxwell's equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary
conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line: travelling and
standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.
4. Analog Electronics: Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of
Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits: clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and
bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers: single and multi-stage,
differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequencyresponse
of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation;
single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping
circuits. Linear and switching power supplies.
5. Digital Electronics: Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates;
digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combina-tional circuits: arithmetic
circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flipflops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold
circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using
programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).
6. Energy Conversion: Principles of electromechanical energy conversion: Torque and emf
in rotating machines. DC machines: characteristics and performance analysis; starting
and speed control of motors; Transformers: principles of operation and analysis;
regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and
synchronous machines: characteristics and preformance analysis; speed control.

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives: Semiconductor power devices: diode, transistor,
thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static characteristics and principles of operation;
triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters: fullycontrolled and halfcontrolled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DCDC converters; Switch mode
inverter; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac Motor drives applications of
variablespeed drives.
8. Analog Communication: Random variables: continuous, discrete; probability, probability
functions. Statistical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise: white
noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio.
Linear CW modulation: Amplitude modulation: DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and
Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation: PM & FM signals; narrowband FM;
generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation
system: Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM
receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and
FM receivers.

Paper-II
1. Control Systems: Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop
& closedloop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. Control system
components. LTI systems: time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability: Routh
Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bodeplots and polar plots, Nyquist's criterion; Design of leadlad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. Statevariable representation and
analysis of control systems.
2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers: PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register
set, timing diagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing, I/O interfacing,
programmable peripheral devices.
3. Measurement and Instrumentation: Error analysis; measurement of current, voltage,
power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge
measurement. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter,
CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyzer, distortion-meter.
Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-gauge, piezo-electric crystal.
4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control: Steady-state performance of overhead
transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and
distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow;
voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symme-trical
components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system

stability: swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of
HVDC transmission.
5. Power System Protection: Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection.
Concept of solid state relays. Circuit breakers. Computer aided protection: Introduction;
line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to
protection.
6. Digital Communication: Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code
modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation
schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error
control coding: error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes.
Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.

UPSC-ESE
Paper I Syllabus
1. EM Theory Electric and magnetic fields
Gausss Law and Amperes Law. Fields in dielectrics, conductors and magnetic materials.
Maxwells equations. Time varying fields. Plane-Wave propagating in dielectric and
conducting media. Transmission lines.

2. Electrical Materials
Band Theory, Conductors, Semi-conductors and Insulators. Super-conductivity. Insulators for
electrical and electronic applications. Magnetic materials. Ferro and ferri magnetism.
Ceramics, Properties and applications. Hall effect and its applications. Special semi
conductors.

3. Electrical Circuits
Circuits elements. Kirchoffs Laws. Mesh and nodal analysis. Network Theorems and
applications. Natural response and forced response. Transient response and steady state
response for arbitrary inputs. Properties of networks in terms of poles and zeros. Transfer
function. Resonant circuits. Threephase circuits. Two-port networks. Elements of two-element
network synthesis.

4. Measurements and Instrumentation

Units and Standards. Error analysis, measurement of current, Voltage, power, Power-factor
and
energy.
Indicating
instruments.
Measurement
of resistance,
inductance,
Capacitance and frequency. Bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments. Digital
Voltmeter and frequency counter. Transducers and their applications to the measurement of
nonelectrical quantities like temperature, pressure, flow-rate displacement, acceleration,
noise level etc. Data acquisition systems. A/D and D/A converters.

5. Control Systems
Mathematical modelling of physical systems. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs and
their reduction. Time domain and frequency domain analysis of linear dynamical system.
Errors for different type of inputs and stability criteria for feedback systems.
Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz array, Nyquist plot and Bode plot. Root locus and
Nicols chart and the estimation of gain and phase margin. Basic concepts of compensator
design. State variable matrix design. Sampled data system and performance of such a
system with the samples in the error channel. Stability of sampled data system. Elements of
non-linear control analysis. Control system components, electromechanical, hydraulic,
pneumatic components.

Paper II Syllabus
1. Electrical Machines and Power Transformers
Magnetic Circuits - Analysis and Design of Power transformers. Construction and testing.
Equivalent circuits. Losses and efficiency. Regulation. Auto-transformer, 3-phase transformer.
Parallel operation. Basic concepts in rotating machines. EMF, torque, basic machine
types. Construction and operation, leakage losses and efficiency. D.C. Machines.
Construction, Excitation methods. Circuit models. Armature reaction and commutation.
Characteristics and performance analysis. Generators and motors. Starting and speed
control. Testing, Losses and efficiency. Synchronous Machines. Construction. Circuit model.
Operating characteristics and performance analysis. Synchronous reactance. Efficiency.
Voltage regulation. Salient-pole machine, Parallel operation. Hunting. Short circuit
transients. Induction
Machines.
Construction. Principle
of
operation.
Rotating
fields. Characteristics and performance analysis. Determination of circuit model. Circle
diagram. Starting and speed control. Fractional KW motors. Single-phase synchronous and
induction motors.

2. Power systems
Types of Power Stations, Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations. Pumped storage plants.
Economics and operating factors. Power transmission lines. Modeling and performance
characteristics. Voltage control. Load flow studies. Optimal power system operation.
Load frequency control. Symmetrical short circuit analysis. Z-Bus formulation. Symmetrical
Components. Per Unit representation. Fault analysis. Transient and steady-state stability
of power systems. Equal area criterion. Power system Transients. Power system Protection
Circuit breakers. Relays. HVDC transmission.

3. ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND CIRCUITS

Semiconductor device physics, PN junctions and transistors, circuit models and parameters,
FET, Zener, tunnel, Schottky, photo diodes and their applications, rectifier circuits,
voltage regulators and multipliers, switching behavior of diodes and transistors. Small signal
amplifiers, biasing circuits, frequency response and improvement, multistage amplifiers
and feed-back amplifiers, D.C. amplifiers, coupling methods, push pull amplifiers,
operational amplifiers, wave shaping circuits. Multivibrators and flipflops and their
applications. Digital logic gage families, universal gatescombinational circuits for
arithmetic and logic operational, sequential logic circuits. Counters, registers, RAM
and ROMs.

4. MICROPROCESSORS
Microprocessor architecture-Instruction set and simple assembly language programming.
Interfacing for memory and I/O. Applications of Micro-processors in power system.

5. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Types of modulation; AM, FM and PM. Demodulators. Noise and bandwidth considerations.
Digital communication systems. Pulse code modulation and demodulation. Elements of
sound and vision broadcasting. Carrier communication. Frequency division and time division
multiplexing, Telemetry system in power engineering.

6. POWER ELECTRONICS
Power Semiconductor devices. Thyristor. Power transistor, GTOs and MOSFETs.
Characteristics and operation. AC to DC Converters; 1-phase and 3-phase DC to DC
Converters. AC
regulators.
Thyristor
controlled
reactors;
switched
capacitor
networks. Inverters;
single-phase
and
3-phase. Pulse
width
modulation.
Sinusoidal modulation with uniform sampling. Switched mode power supplies.