XMPP

XMPP: Extensible Messaging and
Presence Protocol
Sistemi per la Collaborazione in Rete
2006-07
Fabio Calefato
Jabber & XMPP

Jabber is an open alternative to closed instant
messaging (IM) and presence services.
The Extensible Messaging and Presence
Protocol (XMPP) is at its core.
XMPP protocol defines how to stream XML
content
XMPP is being used to build
A large open IM network
A wide range of XML-based applications
Dott. Fabio Calefato
A bit of History
Jabber project started in 1999 by Jeremie Miller
to develop an open alternative to IM systems
04/01/1999: 1st release of the Jabberd server
Jabber Software Foundation contributed the

Jabber core XML streaming protocols to the
IETF as XMPP in 2002
IETF approved in 2004 the resulting specifications
as XMPP RFCs 3920-3923
XMPP
eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
Promoted by Jabber Software Foundation
Aims at being the standard for Instant Messaging
Set of XML-based protocols

Programming language independent
OS / architecture independent
Client-server architecture
A plethora of clients, servers and APIs in

whatever language
XMPP Architecture
Hybrid, similar to Email/SMTP and DNS

Users identified by unique JID: user@server/resource
Implementation complexity delegated to servers
XMPP Architecture
Communication happens client to server and server
to server.
Port: 5222-3
Port: 5269
XMPP Architecture (contd)

Unlike many other IM protocols, XMPP allows for Multiple Point Of
Presence (MPOP)
MPOP enables users to connect with the same address from
multiple locations or devices but only to receive messages at the
selected resource:
Each location or device is assigned a resource identifier and a
priority number
Incoming messages and presence info routed to the highest-priority
resource
Messaging a specific resource still possible by explicitly targeting it:
userid@domain/target_resource
XMPP addresses can be associated not only with people but also
with any other network-aware entity (devices, terminals, routers)
montague.lit
capulet.lit
JID: romeo@montague.lit/pda
Priority: 5
:-)
JID: romeo@montague.lit/office
Priority: 3
JID: juliet@capulet.lit/home
Priority: 0
Streams and Core Stanzas

XMPP deals in XML
Streams - containers for
exchanging XML elements
between any two entities
over a network
Stanzas - the first-level
child elements sent over
those streams)
Core Stanzas
<message/>
push mechanism through which one entity pushes
information to another
<presence/>
a basic publish-subscribe to broadcast an entitys
network availability (online, busy)
<iq/>
(info/query) is a request/response mechanism,
similar to HTTP, that lets entities make requests of
and receive responses from each other
10
Streams and Stanzas (Contd)

These core stanza provide the delivery semantics or
transport layer for near-real-time communications
The content of any given stanza is specified by its child
elements
A stanzas content is pure XML:
We can use XMPP to exchange any data that we can represent
in XML
<message from=juliet@capulet.lit/balcony
to=romeo@montague. lit/pda>
<body>hi yourself!</body>
<myextension>Whatever I Want</myextension>
</message>
11
XMPP Enhancement Proposals

The Jabber/XMPP community continues to innovate the core
protocol published by the IETF writing extensions known as JEPS
Some key extensions include:
XEP-0030: Service Discovery protocol for determining the features
supported by other entities on an XMPP network
XEP-0045: Multi-User Chat defines a set of protocols for participating
in and administering multi-user chat rooms
XEP-0096: File Transfer defines how to transfer large or binary files
XEP-0071: XHTML-IM is a protocol for exchanging XHTML-formatted
messages between XMPP entities.
XEP-0124: HTTP Binding defines a binding of XMPP to HTTP for
devices that cant maintain persistent TCP connections to servers
A complete list (there are tens and tens) is available at jabber.org

12
A typical scenario (1)

Romeo e Giulietta
jabber.capulet.lit
jabber.montague.lit
Conn. Established: 5222
jabber.shakespeare.lit
13

Romeo begins by negotiating
a stream with montague.lit
Romeo e Giulietta
jabber.capulet.lit
Stream
Stream
jabber.montague.lit
<iq type=get
from=romeo@montague.lit/pda>
<query xmlns=jabber:iq:roster/>
</iq>

14

Romeo gets his contact list by
exchanging <iq/> stanzas w/
montague.lit
Romeo e Giulietta
jabber.capulet.lit
iq: Roster
iq: Roster
jabber.montague.lit
<iq type=result
to=romeo@montague.lit/pda>
<query xmlns=jabber:iq:roster>
<item jid=juliet@capulet.lit/>
<item jid=mercutio@shakespeare.lit/>
<item jid=benvolio@shakespeare.lit/>
</query>
</iq>
15

Romeo sends a presence stanza to
montague. lit, which broadcasts it to
his contacts:
<presence
from=romeo@montague.lit/pda/>
jabber.capulet.lit
Romeo e Giulietta
Presence
[server magic here]

jabber.montague.lit
Conn. fissa: 5222
Conn. temporary: 5269
<presence
from=romeo@montague.lit/pda
to=juliet@capulet.lit/>
<presence
to=mercutio@shakespeare.lit/>
16

If online, Romeos contacts return
presence stanzasPresence
to him:
Romeo e Giulietta
Presence
jabber.montague.lit
Conn. fissa: 5222
Conn. temporanea: 5269
<presence
jabber.capulet.lit
to=romeo@montague.lit/pda
from=juliet@capulet.lit/balcony/>
<presence
from=juliet@capulet.lit/chamber/>
<presence
from=mercutio@shakespeare.lit/
home/>
17

Romeo and Juliet exchange
message stanzas:
Romeo e Giulietta
Message
<message
jabber.capulet.lit
to=juliet@capulet.lit>
<body>hi!</body>
</message>
Message
Message
jabber.montague.lit
Conn. fissa: 5222
Conn. temporanea: 5269
<message from=juliet@capulet.
lit/balcony to=romeo@montague.
lit/pda>
<body>hi yourself!</body>
</message>
18
References
Streaming XML with Jabber/XMPP

P. Saint-Andre - IEEE Internet Computing, 2005
Jabber Software Foundation
http://www.jabber.org/
XMPP Core RFCs 3920-3923
http://www.xmpp.org/rfcs/
The XMPP Public servers list
http://www.xmpp.net/
List of recommended XMPP clients
http://www.jabber.org/software/clients.shtml
List of recommended XMPP severs
http://www.jabber.org/software/servers.shtml
List all of the known code libraries for Jabber/XMPP development
http://www.jabber.org/software/libraries.shtml
Chi aiuter lIM? Jabber!
Michele Salvemini
19
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XMPP: Extensible Messaging and

Jabber & XMPP

Jabber Software Foundation contributed the

Set of XML-based protocols

A plethora of clients, servers and APIs in

Hybrid, similar to Email/SMTP and DNS

Dott. Fabio Calefato

XMPP Architecture (contd)

Dott. Fabio Calefato

Streams and Core Stanzas

Dott. Fabio Calefato

Streams and Stanzas (Contd)

XMPP Enhancement Proposals

A complete list (there are tens and tens) is available at jabber.org

A typical scenario (1)

Dott. Fabio Calefato

A typical scenario (1)

Conn. Established: 5222

Dott. Fabio Calefato

A typical scenario (2)

Dott. Fabio Calefato

A typical scenario (3)

[server magic here]

Conn. temporary: 5269

Dott. Fabio Calefato

A typical scenario (4)

Conn. temporanea: 5269

Dott. Fabio Calefato

A typical scenario (5)

Conn. temporanea: 5269

Dott. Fabio Calefato

Streaming XML with Jabber/XMPP

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