Table 1.

Summary of the Components, Function, Central Connections, Cell Bodies, and

Peripheral Distribution of CN V.

Table 2. Summary of the Types of Fibers, Function, and Pathways of the Trigeminal
Nerve.

Table 3. The Ophthalmic Nerve Branches and Distribution.

Table 4. The Maxillary Nerve Branches and Distribution.

Table 5. Mandibular Nerve Branches and Distribution.

Table 6. The Difference Between Atypical Facial Pain and Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Table 7. Features of Lateral Medullary Syndrome.

Table 1. Summary of the Components, Function, Central Connections, Cell Bodies, and
Peripheral Distribution of CN V.
Central
Components Function
Cell bodies
Peripheral distribution
connection
Sensory branches of the
ophthalmic, maxillary, and
Afferent general General
Sensory nucleus Gasserian
mandibular nerves to skin,
somatic
sensibility V
ganglion
mucous membranes of the face
and head
Branches to temporalis,
Efferent special
masseter, pterygoids,
Mastication Motor nucleus V Motor nucleus V
visceral
mylohyoid, tensor tympani,
and palati
Afferent
Muscular
Mesencephalic Mesencephalic Sensory endings in muscles of
proprioceptive sensibility nucleus V
nucleus V
mastication
Table 2. Summary of the Types of Fibers, Function, and Pathways of the Trigeminal
Nerve.
Type
Function
Pathway
Branchial Motor to muscles of CN V innervates the muscles of mastication, mylohyoid,
motor
mastication
tensor tympani, tensor veli palate, anterior belly of digastric
The Gasserian ganglion receives the ophthalmic, maxillary
Sensory from surface
and mandibular divisions of CN V and sympathetic fibers
General
of head and neck,
from the carotid plexus and sends branches to the dura. The
sensory
sinuses, meninges and
four accessory ganglia are anatomically but not functionally
TM
associated with CN V
Table 3. The Ophthalmic Nerve Branches and Distribution.
Nerve
Branches
Distribution

 Upper lid, frontalis muscle,

scalp

Supraorbital nerve

Frontal nerve

Lacrimal nerve

Supratrochlear nerve

Conjunctiva, upper lid,

forehead

Receives branch from the zygomatic nerve of

the maxillary

Lacrimal gland, conjunctiva,

upper lid
Frontal, anterior, ethmoid
sinuses

Anterior ethmoid nerve

Anterior septum, nasal wall
Branches to ciliary ganglion
Nasociliary
nerve

Cornea, iris, ciliary body

Posterior ethmoid nerve
Posterior ethmoid sphenoid
sinuses
2-3 long ciliary nerves
Eye

Table 4. The Maxillary Nerve Branches and Distribution.

Nerve
Branches
Distribution
Middle meningeal
Dura
nerve
Zygomatic nerve
Zygomatico-temporal
Lacrimal gland

Zygomatico-facial

Forehead

 Cheek

2 branches unite sphenopalatine

Nasal cavity, pharynx, palate
ganglion and maxillary nerve

Soft and hard palate

Greater palatine nerve

Pterygopalatine nerve
Posterior superior nasal nerve

Superior, middle turbinate, septum

Nasopharynx

Pharyngeal

Gums, posterior cheek, teeth

(canine, incisors, premolar), nasal
floor
Table 5. Mandibular Nerve Branches and Distribution.
Nerve
Branches
Distribution
Recurrent
Dura
meningeal
Medial pterygoid, tensor veli palatini, tensor
Medial pterygoid
tympani muscles
Masseteric
Masseter muscle, temporomandibular joint
Deep temporal
Temporalis muscle
(x2)
Lateral pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid muscle
Temporal nerve (upper)
Posterior superior
alveolar nerve

Buccal

Middle, anterior, superior

alveolar, and nasal nerves

Buccinator nerve (lower)

Skin of cheek, mucous membrane of mouth,

and gingiva

Auriculotemporal Communication with facial Parasympathetic and sympathetic supply to

nerve, and otic ganglion,
the parotid gland, after relay in the otic
ganglion

 Articular nerve

Parotid gland

8) Lingual

Communicates with CN VII

Taste sensations to the anterior third of tongue
via chorda tympani
Mylohyoid

Dental

9) Inferior alveolar

Incisive

Mylohyoid, anterior, belly of digastric, molars,

premolars, canine, incisors lower lip, and chin

Mental

Table 6. The Difference Between Atypical Facial Pain and Trigeminal Neuralgia.
Feature
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Atypical Facial Pain
Prevalence
Rare
Common
Main location
Trigeminal area
Face, neck, ear
Pain duration
Seconds to 2 minutes
Hours to days
Character
Electric jerks, stabbing
Throbbing, dull
Pain intensity
Severe
Mild to moderate
Provoking factors
Light touch, washing, shaving, eating, talking Stress, cold
Associated symptoms None
Sensory abnormalities
Table 7. Features of Lateral Medullary Syndrome.
Dysfunction
Effects
Vestibular system: vertigo, diplopia,
Vestibular nucleus
nystagmus, vomiting
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Ipsilateral cerebellar signs, including ataxia
Central tegmental tract
Palatal myoclonus
Contralateral deficits in pain and
Lateral spinothalamic tract
temperature sensation from body
Spinal trigeminal nucleus
Ipsilateral loss of touch pain and

Nucleus ambiguus (which affects vagus X and

glossopharyngeal nerves IX)
Descending sympathetic fibers

temperature sensation from face

Dysphagia, hoarseness, diminished gag
reflex
Ipsilateral Horner syndrome

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1873373-overview

Multimedia

Image 1 of 9
Schematic representation of the trigeminal nerve with its central connections.

Image 2 of 9
Diagram of the trigeminal nerve with its 3 main branches.

Image 3 of 9
Diagram showing the structures in the cavernous sinus.

Image 4 of 9
Diagram of the first branch (ophthalmic) of the trigeminal nerve with its branches.

Image 5 of 9
Diagram of the second branch (maxillary) of the trigeminal nerve with its branches.

Image 6 of 9
Diagram of the third branch (mandibular) of the trigeminal nerve with its branches.

Image 7 of 9
Diagram of the sensory and motor supply of the face.

Image 8 of 9
(2) Merkel disc ending. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has diffused into the hair shaft and
surrounded the disc-shaped nerve terminal. Key: Merkel cell (M), nerve terminal (nt). Inset:
Incorporated HRP in the nerve terminal, x8, 750. Inset: x32, 4003 (3 and 4). Detail of a Merkel
disc ending. HRP is seen in various vacuoles in the nerve terminal. x 39,000.

Image 9 of 9
Sphenopalatine ganglion and its connections. Parasympathetic fibers are dashed.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1873373-overview