1.

2.

3.

I think its disgraceful the way they never get round to repairing this pavement.
should
This pavement time ago.
The accountant persuaded nearly 200 people to invest a total of 20,000 in nonexistent companies.
taken
Nearly 200 people ... the accountants scheme.
Sam tried extremely hard to convince her.
lengths
Sam .. to convince her.
(New Proficiency Use of English: 39, 60,61,66,80)

For questions 101-106, read the following text and then choose from the list (A-J) the phrase
which best fits each space. Each correct phrase may only be used once. Some of the suggested
answers do not fit at all.
ANCIENT FORESTS
Hundreds of years ago, British forests were areas of countryside used for hunting
sources of deer skins and meat. A typical example was the New Forest in the south
of England, which was claimed and enclosed by King William I in about 1079. In
this way, many large areas of forests were taken by the King for his own personal
use. The importance of these royal hunting forests to the economy of the times is
shown by the restrictions (101)__________. With more and more land being cleared
for agriculture, farming was almost brought to a halt in the enclosed forest areas, the
aim being to preserve the trees (102)__________. The Kings deer were protected by
strict penalties for illegal hunting and, perhaps most important of all, local farmers
were not allowed to build fences (103)____________. The difficulties that this caused
were recognised, however, and farmers were granted rights (104)__________. By the
15th century, the use of wood, the principal raw material of the age, had so increased
that concern arose over supplies for building and fuel (105)__________. As a result,
the next step in enclosing land was for tree planting. This grew swiftly in
importance as a source of income for the King. These enclosures had the effect of
reducing still further the land available to ordinary people for feeding animals,
(106)___________. These problems continued until the late 19th century, when new
laws were passed to prevent further enclosure of land.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G

which were no longer sufficient to meet the demand

which therefore changed considerably over the centuries
which supplied food for the deer and sheltered them beneath their branches
which might prevent animals from moving freely
which was consequently ideal for animal farming
which led to even more disputes than the earlier ban on building fences
which were placed on those unlucky enough to live there

H
which allowed them to feed their livestock for limited periods in the open
forest
I
which were their principal source of warmth and food
(Cambridge CAE 6: 112)

It only (71)__________ the completion of the reconstruction of the human

genetic map for a whole host of hereditary diseases to be (72)__________. Originally,
it was forecast that the venture would take until the beginning of the 21 st century to
be (73)__________. At present, it is clear that the task can be finished much earlier.
Hundreds of scholars have gone to (74)_________ to help (75)__________ the
mystery of the human genetic structure with an ardent hope for (76)__________
mankind from disorders such as cancer, cystic fibrosis or arthritis.
The progress in this incredible undertaking is (77)_________ by an accurate
interpretation of the information (78)________ in the chromosomes forming the
trillions of the cells in the human body. Locating and characterizing every single
gene may (79)_________ an implausible assignment, but very considerable
(80)________ has already been made. What we know by now is that the hereditary
code is assembled in DNA, some parts of which may be diseased and (81)_________
to the uncontrollable transmission of the damaged code from parents to their
children.
Whereas work at the completion of the human genom may last for a few years
more, notions like gene therapy or genetic engineering dont (82)__________ much
surprise any longer. Their potential application has already been (83)___________ in
the effective struggle against many viruses or in the genetic treatment of blood
disorders. The hopes are, then, that hundreds of maladies that humanity is
(84)_________ with at present might eventually cease to exist in the not too
(85)__________ future.
B requires
B interfered
B discharged
B utmost
B interrogate
B surviving

C anticipates
C eradicated
C dismantled
C supreme
C respond
C insulating

D remains
D disrupted
D exterminated
D extremes
D unravel
D averting

77 A dependent

B reliant

C qualified

D conditioned

78 A associated

B contained

C involved

D derived

79 A sound
80 A headline

B hear
B heading

C voice
C headway

D perceive
D headship

81 A amiable
82 A evoke

B conceivable
B institute

C evocative
C discharge

D conducive
D encourage

71
72
73
74
75
76

A expects
A terminated
A accomplished
A maximum
A dissolve
A liberating

83 A examined
84 A aggravated
85 A far-away

B inquired
B teased
B outlying

C accounted
C persecuted
C distant

D corroborated
D plagued
D imminent

(English Advanced Vocabulary and Structure Practice: 38-39)

SPEEPING DISORDERS
Sleeping disorders like insomnia can (71)__________ to be a worrying question for
many of us. Almost anyone can easily conjure (72)__________ at least one sleepless night of
(73)__________ and turning in bed awaiting the bliss of a deep dream. Most probably, a
third of us (74)__________ the distressing experience at least once a week.
Even though it is possible for people to (75)_________ without any sleep at all for a
certain period of time, such occurrences are rather few and far (76)_________ and there is no
evidence to (77)__________ this assumption. What is sure, however, is the fact that we do
need some sleep to regenerate our strength and to (78)__________ the brain to its proper
activity. No wonder, then, that the tiredness and fatigue that appear after a sleepless night
(79)__________ many of us to go for chemical support in the form of sleep (80)__________
tablets or powders.
However long the problem of sleeplessness has afflicted many individuals, very little
has been (81)_________ in the question of its original causes. We are conscious that it usually
(82)_________ those who are exposed to a great deal of stress, anxiety or depression. It may
also be (83)__________ by overworking or unfavourable surroundings with scarcity of fresh
air.
Sleeping pills may provide some relief and can act as an alternative in this desperate
situation. Yet, they do little to combat the ailment in full. Consequently, our hopes should be
(84)__________ on the medical authorities to (85)_________ the root cause of insomnia
before we take to being nocturnals leading our noisy lives in the dead of night.
(Advanced Vocab & Structure Practice: 49-50)

71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84

A present
A up
A rolling
A underpass
A operate
A between

B entail
B about
B wriggling
B undergo
B process
B along

C realize
C off
C tossing
C underlie
C function
C within

D prove
D out
D spinning
D undertake
D perform
D beyond

A proclaim
A recuperate
A exert
A inducing
A disparaged
A betrays
A engendered
A placed

B endure
B restore
B affect
B attaining
B retrieved
B besets
B applied
B ascribed

C invalidate
C revive
C enforce
C exacting
C detected
C bemoans
C instigated
C focused

D substantiate
D resume
D compel
D contributing
D originated
D bestows
D evolved
D attached

85 A emerge

B release

C determine

D confess

The knowledge and eloquence that people (76)________ through travelling is

usually perceived as the best (77)__________ in life. It is the inquisitive human
nature that (78)_________ people to seek (79)____________ experiences and to set
out on an exploration trip. Those who travel frequently and to (80)__________ places
benefit from establishing new relationships and (81)_________ a better knowledge
about other cultures and lifestyles.
However, there is a (82)__________ of truth in the assumption that people are
prone to (83)_________ cliches and unfounded prejudices about other nations and
their characteristics. Sometimes, it is only the first-hand encounter that can help
change the (84)_________ towards the so-called inferior communities. This direct
contact with a different civilization enables travellers to (85)_________ their baseless
assumptions and get (86)___________ with the real concept of life in all four corners
of the globe.
(87)__________ question, travelling (88)__________ friendship and makes it
easier for many individuals to acknowledge the true value of different traditions and
customs. Yet, it does not always mean enjoyment. It may also (89)__________ coming
close with the atrocities of real existence as well as becoming aware of the challenges
and hardships that other people have to struggle with. Hence, a true voyage is the
one with a good deal of experience to (90)__________ about, very often combined
with exposure to abhorrent sights and incredible ordeals. The learning to be
complete, thus, requires an ability to observe and analyse the surroundings, both
their glamour and brutality.
(English Advanced Vocabulary and Structure Practice: 27-28)

76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90

A purchase
A completion
A impels
A thriving
A reverse
A acquiring
A speck
A persevering
A prejudice
A drop
A informed
A Apart
A facilitates
A involve
A commemorate

B exact
B fulfilment
B involves
B throbbing
B averse
B educating
B grain
B cherishing
B manner
B cease
B realised
B Beyond
B affords
B derive
B reminisce

C gain
C conclusion
C entails
C thwarting
C diverse
C learning
C scrap
C indulging
C outlook
C tail
C acquainted
C Unfailing
C elicits
C consist
C resemble

D nurture
D resolution
D pursues
D thrilling
D converse
D exacting
D tip
D persisting
D approach
D quit
D defined
D Beneath
D incites
D enclose
D remind

For questions 101-106, read the following text and then choose from the list (A-J)
the phrase which best fits each space. Each correct phrase may only be used once.
Some of the suggested answers do not fit at all.
CLIMBING BIG BEN
It has long been possible to climb Big Ben, the famous clock that stands outside
Parliament, but few visitors to London know this. Brian Davis, claims it is the most
accurate clock in the world and he should know, (101)_____ _____.
He greets his tour group at the foot of the clock tower, where 334 steps separate
them from the top or belfry. It is 11.30 a.m. and he aims to be there when Big Ben
strikes noon. Some people have brought ear plugs but are quickly reassured that
they wont be needed. The bell is loud (102)_____ _____.
We drag ourselves up the first 114 steps and into a little museum. This is the
clock tower prison room. It looks very inhospitable (103)______ _____. We continue
to tackle the steps in stages and reach the belfry five minutes before midday. Here
Brian points out that, strictly speaking, Big Ben is the name of the bell (104)_____
_____.
When Big Ben booms, I dont put my fingers in my ears because I want to
experience the full might of the noise. Imagine a clap of thunder breaking directly
over your head (105)_____ _____. I could feel it in my teeth. Above the clock face is a
mechanism, controlled, Brian explains, not by technology but by a pile of old coins.
And with that he leads us down again, a man who clearly enjoys (106)_____ _____.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I

and so we move on and up quickly

having taken such a long time to build
and then repeated several more times
having spent so much time talking about it
having a job in such an important place
but it is not really that uncomfortable
and is not like any of the other clocks
having a sound that is difficult to hear
and not the clock as people often believe
(Cambridge CAE 6: 49)

1 should have been repaired

long
2 were taken in by
3 went to great/enormous
lengths
101 G
102 C

103 D
104 H

71.
72
73
74
75

B
C
A
D
D

76
77
78
79
80

A
D
B
A
C

81
82
83
84
85

D
A
A
D
C

71.
72
73
74
75

D
A
C
B
C

76
77
78
79
80

A
D
B
D
A

81
82
83
84
85

C
B
A
A
C

76
77
78
79
80

C
B
A
D
C

81
82
83
84
85

A
B
B
D
A

86
87
88
89
90

C
B
A
A
B

101 D
102 F

103 A
104 I

105 A
106 F

105 C
106 E