Improvement Power System Stability Using Different controller In SMIB System

Ruchi Sharma1
Electronics Department
Vivekananda Global University,Jaipur

Dr. Kota Solomon Raju2

Principal Scientist
CSIR-CEERI, Pilani

Mahendra Kumar3
University Electronics Department
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota
3

Email: ruchisharma2k6@gmail.com1,kota_solomonraju@yahoo.co.uk2, miresearchlab@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

The paper presents various controllers for

damping low frequency oscillations in a single-generator
infinite-bus (SMIB) eletrical power system. The intent of the
Fuzzy Logic based UPFC controller systems are to dampout
low frequency oscillations. UPFC controller based ahead
amplitude modulation index of exciter mE has been intended.
System response with Damped-UPFC controller and PI-fuzzy
logic based UPFC controllers are compared at various loading
envirinment. Relevant models have been designed and
simulated in Matlab/Simulink version R2013a. The hybrid PIFuzzy Logic based UPFC controller is developed by selecting
suitable controller parameters based on the experince of the
power system performance. This paper also presents the
TLBO(Teacher Learner based Optimization) based PSS design.
The simulation results of these models show that the TLBO
based PSS modeled has an excellent capability in damping low
frequency oscillations on power systems.

Keywords: Dampout controller; Hybrid Controller;

Hybrid PI-fuzzy logic controller ;Fuzzy Logic; Low
frequency oscillations; PI Controller; TLBO (Teacher
Learner based Optimization), UPFC.
I. INTRODUCTION

Now recent years, in the power system design high

efficiency operation and reliability of the power systems
have been considered more than previous. Due to the
growth in consuming electrical energy, the maximum
capacity of the transmission lines should be increased.
Therefore in a normal condition also the stability as well
as the security is the major part of discussion. Several
years the power system stabilizer act as a common
control approach to damp the system oscillations [1-2].
However, in some operating conditions, the PSS may fail
to stabilize the power system, especially in low
frequency oscillations [3] .As a result; other alternatives
have been suggested to stabilize the system accurately. It
is proved that the FACTS devices are very much
effective in power flow control as well as damping out
the swing of the system during fault. Recent years lots of
control devices are implemented under the FACTS
technology [1-2].

By implementing the FACTS devices gives the flexibility

for voltage stability and regulation also the stability of
the system by getting proper control signal [4].The
FACTS devices are not a single but also collection of
controllers which are efficiently not only work under the
rated power, voltage, impedance, phase angle frequency
but also under below the rated frequency. Among all
FACTS devices the UPFC most popular controller due to
its wide area control over power both active and reactive,
it also gives the system to be used for its maximum
thermal limit.
Its primarily duty to control both the powers
independently. It has been shown that all three
parameters that can affect the real power and reactive
power in the power system can be simultaneously and
independently controlled just by changing the control
schemes from one type to other in UPFC. Moreover, the
UPFC is executed for voltage provision and transient
stability improvement by suppressing the subsynchronous resonance (SSR) or LFO [5]. For example,
in it has been shown that the UPFC is capable of interarea oscillation damping by means of straight controlling
the UPFCs sending and receiving bus voltages.
Therefore, the main aim of the UPFC is to control the
active and reactive power flow through the transmission
line with emulated reactance. It is widely accepted that
the UPFC is not capable of damping the oscillations with
its normal controller. A well-modeled UPFC controller
can not only improve the transmission capability but also
increase the power system stability and evaluate the
performance of UPFC controllers with and without fuzzy
logic controller.
Rest of this paper is organized as follows. System
description contains SMIB, UPFC fundamentals are
explained in Section II. Section III gives detailed
explanation about the Fuzzy logic controller. In section
IV, the experimental setup, results and corresponding
performance evaluations are given. Finally, section V
concludes the proposed system and results.

II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

III. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

Single Machine Infinite Bus System: this system

consist of a synchronous generator which is linked via
two transformer to n infinite bus system through a
transmission line. It is seen that the SM connected to the
infinite bus always concerned with the frequent load
change and it may leads to be serious stability problem
and should be discussed.

In order to providing stabilizer signal, the output of

obtained model reference of power system is compared
with output of real power system and the error signal is
fed to a fuzzy controller [7]. The Fuzzy controller
provides stabilizer signal in order to damping system
oscillations. In order to providing stabilizer signal, the
output of obtained model reference of power system is
compared with output of real power system and the error
signal is fed to a fuzzy controller [7].

Fig.1: SMIB Power System

Unified Power Flow Controller: Unified power flow

controller (UPFC) consist of two voltage source
converters(VSC), one shunt connected and the other
series connected. VSC1 along with its transformer
operates as STATCOM and VSC2 along with its
transformer operates as SSSC. UPFC enables control of
both real and reactive power flow in the line. UPFC can
be connected either at sending end or receiving end of the
line [6].

Fig. 3: Basic structure of fuzzy controller

The Fuzzy controller provides stabilizer signal in order to

damping system oscillations. FLC work on the principle
of simple understanding of the system behavior of a
person and simple rule based If x and y then z, this
rule base again defined by some membership function of
FLC with proper argument to enhance the system
performance [8] [9] [10].

Fig.2: UPFC installed in SMIB system

The UPFC with Fuzzy controller is shown in the figure.

Inaccurate, noisy, or lost input information FLC work on
the principle of simple understanding of the system
behavior of a person and simple rule based If x and y
then z, this rule base again defined by some
membership function of FLC with proper argument to
enhance the system performance [8] [9] [10]. The UPFC
with Fuzzy controller is shown in the figure.

If is N and is P then [u] is Z.

If is N and is N then [u] is N.

A Fuzzyfication is a process or platform in

which we can convert the input data into
linguistic variable.
A Knowledge Base which contains the data base
with the required linguistic definitions and
control rule set.
A Defuzzyfication interface which yields a nonfuzzy
control
action
after
an
incidental fuzzy control action.
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS

Fig.4: UPFC with FLC

Modelling of SMIB Without UPFC:

Fig. 5(a): Membership function of Error signal

Fig. 5(b): Member function of Derivative signal

Fig.6: Simulink model for SMIB power system without UPFC

Fig. 5(c): Membership function of Output

The fuzzy Rules are selected as follows:

If is P and is P then [u] is P.
If is P and is N then [u] is Z.

Fig.7: Speed Deviation for SMIB power system without UPFC

Fig.8: Angle Deviation for SMIB power system without UPFC

Modelling of SMIB With UPFC:

Fig. 11: Angle Deviation for SMIB power system with UPFC

Modelling of SMIB Using UPFC based hybrid Fuzzy

Logic-PI Controller

Fig.9: Simulink Model for SMIB power system with UPFC

Fig.12: Simulink Model of SMIB Using UPFC Based Hybrid Fuzzy

Logic-PI Controller

Fig.10: Speed Deviation for SMIB power system with UPFC

Fig. 13: Speed Deviation of SMIB Using UPFC Based Hybrid Fuzzy
Logic-PI Controller

Fig.14: Angle Deviation of SMIB Using UPFC Based Hybrid Fuzzy

Logic-PI Controller

TLBO algorithm Based PSS design:

Teacher learning based optimization Algorithm:
It is population based evolutionary method [11].
Teachers and students are the two essential components
of this algorithm and discusses two basic modes of the
learning, through teacher phase & cooprrating with the
student phase. In this optimization algorithm a group of
studnets are well thought out as population and various
design variables are measured as various subjects offered
to the students and students result are analogous to the
'fitness' value of the optimization algorithm problem. Fig.
16 shows the flowchart of TLBO algorithm and working
fundamental of algorithm [12].
In this section the PSS parameters tuning based on
the Teacher learning based optimization is presented. In
this study the performance index J. In fact, the
performance index is the Integral Square Error (ISE). It
should be noted that TLBO algorithm is execute many
times and then optimal set of PSS parameters are
obtained.

Fig. 16: Flowchart of TLBO algorithm [11]

Table 1
Optimize TLBO-PSS Parameter
T1
T2
T3

Kc
24.5218

S.No.

1
2
3

0.0111

0.1968

1.7590

Table 2
Comparatively study of results
Techniques
Speed
Settling
time
(sec)

T4
1.1546

Angle Settling
time (sec)

UPFC damp
Controller
Hybrid UPFC & PI

PSS based on
TLBO

V. CONCLUSION
Fig 15: PSS Design with TLBO.

In the paper, a brief discussion is made about the LFO

and small signal stability of a system. A linearize

Haffron-Philips model is considered and a dynamic

behavior of the system was examined by using different
controllers like UPFC with power system stabilizer,
conventional Fuzzy logic controller, Hybrid fuzzy logicPID controller..etc. to the small change in excitation and
mechanical input. From the figure it is observed, that the
planned Hybrid fuzzy logic-PI based UPFC controllers
significantly damp power system oscillations effectively
compared to the conventional Fuzzy logic UPFC.
A systematic approach for designing Fuzzy logic-PI
based UPFC controllers for damping power system
oscillation has been desctribed. The performance of
UPFC damping controller (mE) has been evaluated
considering wide variation in the various environment or
loading condition. As TLBO algorithm based PSS design
is better compared to hybrid Fuzzy PI based UPFC
controller as shown in table 2, settling time is less in
TLBO based PSS compared to hybrid Fuzzy PI based
UPFC controller. So in future improve the settling time
apply the Adaptive neuro-fuzzy logic based controller to
dampout the oscillations in power system.
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