Name

Kim Wei
IC Number

: Adeline Tiong
: 000608-13-1034

Subject teacher : Teacher Lau Yok

Sing
Band

: Band 6

Title
of Petroleum

: The Contributions
And Natural Gas

Band 6 :The Contributions Of Petroleum And

Natural Gas
Objektif :
1. The characteristics and uses of the various fractions of
petroleum.
2. The contributions of petroleum and the natural gas to
the economic development of the country.
3. The efficient ways of using petroleum and other natural
fuel resources.

The Characteristics and uses of the various

fractions of petroleum :
Petroleum,natural gas,coal and wood are fossil fuels
because they are forms from decomposed animal and plant
remains. Petroleum is mixture of hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only hydrogen and
carbon elements. These hydrocarbons are different in terms
of size of molecules and form. This causes the hydrocarbons
in crude petroleum to have different boiling points.
The differences in boiling points of hydrocarbons are
used to separate petroleum into differents fractions in a
process known ad fractional distillation. Through fractional
distillation,crude oil can be separated to produce various
components called fractions or distillates.

The uses of the products of distillation of

petroleum.
Products of Distillation
Petroleum gas

Uses
Fuel (liquid petroleum
gas),to make
plastics,chemical
products,cooking gas.

Petrol (gasoline)
Kerosene

Diesel oil
Lubricating oil

Fuel oil
Bitumen
Wax

Fuel for motor vehicles and

airplanes.
Fuel for jet
aircrafts,rockets,lamps to
make detergents.
Fuel for diesel engines (like
lorries and buses).
Lubricants for engines and
machines and to make
grease.
Fuel for ships and electric
generators.
To seal roads surface
To make
polish,candles,wrapping foils
for food.

The Contributions of petroleum and the natural gas

t the economic development of the country.
Petroleum and natural gas have been exported since
1979 are an important source of revenue and foreign
exchange for our country. The petroleum and natural gas
industry provides employment for many Malaysians.
Petroleum and natural gas have contributed in Terengganu
and Bintulu in Sarawak.
The ASEAN Fertiliser Project in Bintulu is an offshoot of
the petroleum sector. Petroleum and natural gas are very
important in transportation,mining insudtry,infrastructure
and construction. All these industries contributr to the
nationss progress. The petrochemical industry produces
plastics,synthetic fibres,fertilisers,detergents,synthetic
textiles,drugs and cosmetics. Allthese contribute to the
countrys revenue and economic progress and provide
employment to Malaysians.

The efficient ways of using petroleum and other

natural fuel resources.

In 2004,the oil reserves in Malaysia were 4.3 billion

barrels. If the rate of consumption remains at 650000
barrels per day,the oil reserves can only last for 12 years if
no new oil reserves are discovered. The existing natural gas
reserves 2.46 trillion cubic metres will last for about 45
years at the current consumption rate. As a result of the
rapid depletion of fossil fuels ,the remaining fossil fuels
must be uses efficiently.
Energy efficiency includes efficiency in power
generation,the transmission and distribution of electricity
and the end-uses of energy. The transportation and
industrial sectors consume the most amount of energy,that
is 41.8% and 37.7% respectively. Energy efficiency activities
have been put into practice since the Seventh Malaysia Plan.
It is estimated that the annual electricity costs are about RM
2700 million and a reduction of 10% of this means a sabing
of RM 270 million per annum.
Lighter vehicles with well turned lean-burn engines burn
fuel efficiently and reduce pollution. It is important that
energy-efficient engines,machines and manufacturing
processes are developed and used. Improving the efficiency
of production machines cuts down energy wastage. With
better road facilities and more efficient public transport
facilities,energy wastage will be reduced.
We should reduce wastage and recyle materials especially
in manufacturing processes. Switching off lights and electric
appliances not in use at homes and offices will reduece
wastage of energy. Using automatic switches to control
electric appliances,fans,lights and air conditioners is an
efficient way of using energy. Building that make use of
solar energy can reduce the use of petroleum energy.
The mains sources for electricity generation in Malaysia
are duel oil,natural gas and coal. Energy can be saved by
using more efficient generators. The largest and latest
project in energy efficiency in our country is the Industrial
Energy Efficinecy Industrial Project (IEEIP) which is funded
by domestic sources and the United Nations Development
Program (UNDP). The public should be educated on the true
situation of energy sources in our country and the need to
use energy efficiently.

Conclusion :
From this chapter, I have learn more knowledge about the
characteristics and uses of the various fractions of
petroleum ,the contributions of petroleum and the natural
gas to the economic development of the country and also
the efficient ways of using petroleum and other natural fuel
resources.
I can the informations from our teacher Lau Yok
Sing,internet and also references book.