e) Design of Heel Slab

Maximum Bending Moment in heel slab is computed at section bb using the

moment computation
Loads
W1=(1.55 x 4.75 x
18)
Self weight of heel
slab
(1.55 x 0.45 x 25)
Total
Deduct for upward
pressure=(53.84x1.
55)
Upward pressure =
(0.5 x 1.55 13.9)
Total Deduction

Magnitude of
Loads
132.50

Distance from b
(m)
0.775

Moment (KN-m)

16.70

0.775

12.94
115.62

83.45

0.775

64.67

10.77

0.516

5.55

102.68

70.22

Maximum B.M in heel slab = Mw = (115.62-70.22) =45.40 KN-m

Maximum ultimate moment Mu =(1.5 x 45.40) =68.10 KN-m
Maximum Shear force Vu = 1.5 Vw =1.5 (132.50 + 16.70 83.45 10.77)
v=

Vu 82.5
=
=0.20 N /mm2
bd
400

( )

Refer Table 19 (IS : 456 ) and for M20 grade concrete, the percentage
reinforcement required for c =0.20 N/mm2 is read out as ,
100 Ast
bd

Ast = (

=0.15
0.15 x 1000 x 400
) =600 mm2/m
100

Mu
68.10 106
( bd 2 )= ( 1000 4002 )

Refer Table 2 (SP:16) and read out the percentage reinforcement as

Pt = 0.121

0.15

Hence provide 12mm diameter bars at 180 mm centers (Ast = 628 mm2)
Provide 8mm diameter bars at 180 mm centers in transverse directions as
distribution reinforcement at both faces of heel slab.
F ) Design of toe slab
Maximum Bending moment in toe slab is computed is at the section CC as
shown in Table 11.3
Loads
Upward pressure
cdjf = (71. 78 x 1 )
Upward pressure
jfe =(0.5 x 1 x
8.98)
Total
Deduct self weight
of toe slab (1 x 1 x
0.45 x 25)

Magnitude of
Loads (KN)
71.78

Distance from c
(m)
0.50

Moment (KN)

4.49

0.67

10.8

0.50

5.40

35.89

Neglect self weight

of soil above toe
slab
Maximum miment
in toe slab

33.49

Maximum ultimate moment in toe slab at CC = Mu = 1.5 (33.49) = 50.23 KNm

Maximum shear force = Vu =1.5 (71.78 + 4.49 10.8 ) =98.2 KN
Vu
98.2 1000
v = ( bd ) = ( 1000 400 ) = 0.245 N/mm2

Refer table 19 ( IS 456) and read out the percentage reinforcement required
for
c

=0.245 N/mm2 using M20 grade concrete as

1 oo Ast
)
bd

Ast = (

=0.15

0.15 1000 400

) =600 mm2/m
100

The ultimate moment being small, the reinforcement required will be than
that from shear consideration . Hence provide 12mm diameter bars at 180
mm centers (Ast=628 mm2)
Provide 8mm diameters bars at 180 mm centers in transverse direction and
both direction at top of the slab.

G) Stability against overturning

Stability against overturning is checked by computing the overturning and
stabilizing moment against toe.
Ca . e .hs
Overturning moment = Mu = (
6

0.33 18 4.75
)=(
6

) = 106.1 KN-

m
Stabilizing moment due to vertical forces about toe is computed as ,
Ms =

(B-Z) = 201.95 (3 1.6) =282.73 KN-m

Factor of safety against overturning is expressed as,

F.S = (

0.9 Ms
0.9 282.73
)
=
(
) =2.39
Mo
106.1

1.40 , Hence safe.

h) Stability against sliding

2
Sliding Force = Pa = ( 0.5 Ca. e . h ) =(0.5 x0.33 x 18 x 5.22) = 81.12 KN

Resisting force (ignoring passive pressure) is expressed as F= R

= W

(0.5 x 201.5) =100.975KN

Facto of safety against sliding =

0.9 100.975
81,12

= 1.12

1.4

Hence the wall is unsafe against sliding .Therefore a shear key has to be
designed beow stem.
i)Desing of shear key
Let Pp = Passive force resisting the sliding of retaining wall
pp = Intensity of passive pressure developed just in front of shear key at
C
1+ sin
Then Pp = Cp.p = ( 1sin ) 71.78 =(3 x 71.78) =215.34 KN/m2
If a =depth of shear key =450 mm
Total passive force Pp = (pp.a) =(215.34 x 0.45) = 96.9 KN
Factor of safety against sliding =

W + Pp
Pa

100.975+ 96.9
81.12

= 2.43

1.40
Provide minimum reinforcement of 8mm diameter bars at 180 mm centers .
The reinforcement details in retaining wall is shown in figure.