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Below
this
level,
the
lumbar
sac
or
thecal
sac
contains
only
nerve
root
filaments,
the
so-called
cauda
equina
(horses
tail)
Major
Ascending
and
Descending
Tracts
of
the
Spinal
Cord
Ascending
Tracts
There
are
3
main
sensory
systems
entering
the
spinal
cord:
1.
Pain
and
Temperature
lateral
spinothalamic
tract
2.
Proprioception
stereognosis
medial
lemniscus
(fasciculus
gracilis
and
fasciculus
cuneatus)
3.
Light
touch
anterior
spinothalamic
tract
Descending
Tracts
5
;
these
systems
are
important
in
the
postural
control
of
the
limbs.
1.
Vestibulospinal
tract
and
reticulospinal
tract
-
facilitate
axial
and
proximal
limb
movements.
2.
Corticospinal
tract
and
corticorubrospinal
tract
facilitate
distal
limb
movements.
Myotomes
Upper
limbs:
C5
-
Deltoid
C
6
-
Wrist
extensors
C
7
-
Elbow
extensors
C
8
-
Long
finger
flexors
T
1
-
Small
hand
muscles
Lower
Limbs
:
L2
-
Hip
flexors
L3,4
-
Knee
extensors
L4,5
S1
-
Knee
flexion
L5
-
Ankle
dorsiflexion
S1
-
Ankle
plantar
flexion
Dermatomes
Dermatome
Specific
area
in
which
the
spinal
nerve
travels
or
controls
Useful
in
assessment
of
specific
level
SCI
NEUROSCIENCE
III
Spinal
Cord
Injury
and
Compression
[by:
mee-shell
]
#teammasters
C3,4
C3, 4, 5
C5, 6
C7
C8, T1
T4
T10
L1, 2
L3,4
L5
S1
S2,3,4
DISEASES
OF
THE
SPINAL
CORD
Triad
of
i)
hypotension
ii)
bradycardia
iii)
hypothermia
NEUROSCIENCE III Spinal Cord Injury and Compression [by: mee-shell ] #teammasters
Syndrome
of
Acute
Paraplegia
or
Quadriplegia
Due
to
Complete
Transverse
Lesions
of
the
Spinal
Cord
Types
of
Injury
Severe
forward
flexion
injury
;
Hyperextension
injury
;
Whiplash
injury
High-velocity
missile
penetrates
the
vertebral
canal
and
damages
the
spinal
cord
directly;
Indirect
consequence
of
a
vascular
mechanism.
Causes paraplegia
NEUROSCIENCE
III
Spinal
Cord
Injury
and
Compression
[by:
mee-shell
]
#teammasters
Segmental
Radiculopathy
Roots
above
C8
exit
above
corresponding
vertebral
body;
remaining
roots
exit
below
their
respective
vertebral
bodies
Hyperextension injury
2.
Anterior
cord
Syndrome:
Anterior
dislocation
/
compression
fracture
of
a
vertebral
body
encroaching
the
ventral
canal
NEUROSCIENCE III Spinal Cord Injury and Compression [by: mee-shell ] #teammasters
Loss of power
Conus
syndrome
Examination
and
Management
of
the
Spine-Injured
Patient
If
the
legs
are
paralyzed
and
the
arms
can
still
be
abducted
and
flexed,
the
lesion
is
likely
to
be
at
C5-C6
NEUROSCIENCE
III
Spinal
Cord
Injury
and
Compression
[by:
mee-shell
]
#teammasters
Dumbbell
tumors
(or
hourglass
tumors)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Extradural
neoplasm
Extradural
neoplasm
Intradural
Extramedullary
Tumor
Intradural
Intramedullary
Tumor
--END--
Reference:
-
Dr.
Sengs
powerpoint
lecture
NEUROSCIENCE III Spinal Cord Injury and Compression [by: mee-shell ] #teammasters