Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Geosynthetics
continued
Prof K. Rajagopal
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT Madras, Chennai
e mail: gopalkr@iitm
e-mail:
gopalkr@iitm.ac.in
ac in
Recap
Earlier lectures have discussed the testing
for the following properties of geotextiles
Physical .. Fundamental material
properties,
p
p
, e.g.
g specific
p
gravity,
g
y, etc.
Mechanical strength properties
Hydraulic permeability properties
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Abrasion resistance
Durability properties
Melt flow index
Asphalt retention
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Schematic of an
abrasion testing device
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WOVENG/T(BLACK)
GEOCOMPOSITE
NON
NONWOVEN
WOVEN
TEENSILESTREENGTH(kN//m)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
TIME(DAYS) No.ofcycles
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P
Pavement
t surface
f
with
ith overlay
l fabric
f bi
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Typicalresultsfromlaboratorytestsoninfluenceofgeosynthetic
layer on reflection cracking (Khodaii etal.2009)
layeronreflectioncracking(Khodaii
et al 2009)
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Tests on Geogrids
Aperture
p
opening
p
g & Percent Open
p
Area
Thickness of rib and juctions
per meter length
g
Number of ribs p
Mass per Unit Area
Tensile strength
Interface frictional strength
Shear
pullout
ll t
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Biaxialcompositegeogrid
nodes
nodes
Aperture
opening sizes
bars
ribs
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Uniaxial geogrid
transversebars
b
ribs
17/36
Thickness &
No. of ribs and bars per unit length
Thicknessofbars
Thickness
of bars
Thicknessofribs
Thicknessofnodes
hi k
f d
Counttheno.ofribsandbarspermetre
lengthbyspreadingthegeogrid onaflat
surface
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PercentOpenArea
Samples of at least 200 mm 250 mm
representative of the geogrid are cut from the roll
The geogrid pattern is drawn on a piece of paper
Weigh the paper with the grid pattern accurate to
0.001 g
Cut out the grid opening areas from the paper
Weigh the cut out portions
Percent Open Area is the ratio of the weight of the
cut out portions to the total weight of the paper
multiplied by 100.
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ASTM D6637
ASTMD6637
M th d A using
Method
i single
i l rib
ib ttesting
ti
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Method-B
Method
B using multi-ribs
multi ribs testing
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extensometer
Gauge
length
g for
strains
Fixed clamps
Roller clamps
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Differenttypesofgrips
Roller grips
Spacerblock
Trapezoidal grips
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Tensile strength
Tensilestrength
Tensilestrengthofgeogrid
Tensile strength of geogrid permeterwidth
per meter width
= Peak tensile load x
No. of ribs per meter width/No. of ribs in the test
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Tests on Geomembranes
Thickness
Density
Tensile strength/elongation
g
g
Permeability
Peel tests on seams
Shear tests on seams
Sh
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Thickness
Thi
k
off a Geomembrane
G
b
(ASTM D5199)
Size of geomembrane sample is minimum 75 mm diameter
Applied pressure is 20 kPa on a footer plate of diameter
6.35 mm
For thick or stiff geomembranes, higher pressures as much
as 200 kPa mayy be used
For textured geomembranes, the thickness is measured
between the projections
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Density
D
it off G
Geomembranes
b
(ASTM D792)
Densityy of geomembranes
g
is determined as
applicable for plastic materials using weights to sink
them in water as per ASTM D792.
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doublewelded
seam
Directionofloadsfortheshearstrengthofaseam
seam
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