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Ranbir P arm ar
rp arm ar@ c is c o . c o m
Protocol Development
C ons i d era ti ons
B G P w as d e s ig ne d t o p e rf o rm
w e l l in
S o m e d e s ig n t rad e o f f s t h at w e re m ad e
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B G P us es
in te n s iv e .
S calab ility
c o n v e rg e n
Topics
B G P F u nd am e nt al s
B G P A t t ribu t e s
Ro u t e S e l e c t io n
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B G P U s ag e S c e nario s
B G P - A u t on om ou s S y st e m
BB GG PP
R ange form 1 to 6 5 , 5 3 5
( p riv ate from 6 4 5 1 2 to 6 5 5 3 4 )
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BB GG PP
AS
AS 3 3
AS
AS 2 2
O ne c ontigu ou s sy stem
AS
AS 11
Fundamentals
BGP session established on top of TCP port 179
( BGP neig hbors) .
TCP needs a rou ting lay er ( I GP) .
BGP u ses a database ( BGP table) .
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Fundamentals
IBGP v s E BGP
A BGP router has internal and/or external neig hb ors
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B G P A ttr i b utes
Part of the BGP update packet.
I m pl em en ted as T L V ( T y peL en g th-V al ue) .
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Origin
W ell-k no w n M andato r y
A ttr i b utes
A S _ P a t h
R o u t e o r i g i n a t e d i n a n IGP
R o u t e o r i g i n a t e d i n E GP
R o u t e w a s r e d i s t r i b u t e d i n t o B GP
N e x t _ H o p
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L o c a l p re f e re nc e
A t o m ic a ggre ga t e
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T ra ns it iv e a t t rib u t e s
A ggregator
C om m unities
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BGP in Action
B G P ro u t ing inf o rm a t io n e x c h a nge c o nt a ins
t h e f o l l o w ing s t e p s :
R eceiv ing BGP routing upd ates
Buil d ing BGP tab l e
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T h e I nte r na l BGP p r ob l e m
690
AS-P a t h
B
1.
1. R R o o u u t t e e r r A A s s e e n n d d s s u u
141.253.10.0/24
141.253.10.0/24 w w
pp dd
iitt hh
aa tt ee
AA SS
ff oo rr
_ _ P P A A T T H H : : 1818 8 8 00
1 8 8 0
A
2.
2. R R o o u u t t e e r r B B s s e e n n d d s s u u p p d d a a t t e e
f f o o r r 141.253.10.0/24
141.253.10.0/24 w w i i t t h h
A A S S _ _ P P A A T T H H : : 6 6 9 9 00 1818 8 8 00
AA ww iillll dd ee tt ee cc tt iitt ss
nn uu mm bb ee rr aa nn dd ww iillll
tt hh ee uu pp dd aa tt ee
tt ee rr
AA SS
aa rr dd
uu
nn
cc
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oo
ww
iiss
2 00
3.R
3.R o o u u t t e e r r C C s s e e n n d d s s u u p p d d a a t t e e
f f o o r r 141.253.10.0/24
141.253.10.0/24 w w i i t t h h
A A S S _ _ P P A A T T H H : : 200
200 6 6 9 9 00 1818 8 8 00
4.R
4.R
oo
dd
141.253.10.0/24
I nte r na l BGP p r ob l e m
3.R
3.R
oo
dd
B
AS 1
2.
2. R R o o u u t t e e r r C C w w o o u u l l d d s s
141.253.10.0/24
141.253.10.0/24 w w
141.253.10.0/24
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A S 3
ff oo rr
H H : : 11 33
dd uu pp dd aa tt ee
AA SS __ PP AA TT
ee nn
iitt hh
BB ww oo uu lldd dd ee tt ee cc tt iitt ss
nn uu mm bb ee rr aa nn dd ww iillll
tt hh ee uu pp dd aa tt ee
tt ee rr
AA SS
aa rr dd
C
1.
1. R R o o u u t t e e r r D D s s e e n n d d s s u u p p d d a a t t e e f f o o r r
141.253.10.0/24
141.253.10.0/24 w w i i t t h h A A S S _ _ P P A A T T H H : : 33
uu
nn
cc
3.R
3.R o o u u t t e e r r A A w w o o u u l l d d n n e e v v e e r r
rr ee cc ee iivv ee aa nn yy uu pp dd aa tt ee
oo
ww
iiss
I nte r na l BGP
IBGP speakers cannot detect routing
l oops.
IBGP is N E V E R
IBGP is N E V E R
propagated.
redistrib uted.
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C om m on BGP U s a g e s
Customer connected to one Internet
S erv i ce P rov i der ( ISP)
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Single-h o m ed C u s t o m er s
Using BGP
C u s to m er o r s m a l l
S erv i c e P ro v i d er
S erv i c e P ro v i d er
1 .2 .3 .4
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AS 66
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Dual-h o m e d C us t o m e r s
Multiple links, same ISP
S erv i c e P ro v i d er
7 . 6. 5 . 4
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AS 66
1 .2 .3 .4
C u s to m er o r s m a l l
S erv i c e P ro v i d er
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U se I S P address sp ac e an d p ri v ate A S n um b er
M ul ti -h omed Customers
Customer connecting to several servicep rovid ers ( multi-h omed customer)
Internet
S erv i c e P ro v i d er # 1
M u l ti -h o m ed
C u s to m er
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S erv i c e P ro v i d er # 2
M ul ti -h omed Customer
U sa g e G ui del i nes
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M ul ti h omed Customer
Prob l em
Alternate Provider
M u ltih om ed
C u s tom er
192.1.1.0/24
192.1.1.0/24
R es t of th e I nternet
192.1.1.0/24
192.1.0.0/16
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M ul ti h omed Customer
Prob l em
Alternate Provider
M u ltih om ed
C u s tom er
192.1.1.0/24
192.1.1.0/24
R es t of th e I nternet
192.1.0.0/16
192.1.0.0/16
192.1.1.0/24
192.1.1.0/24
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BGP
A no th er S erv i c e
P ro v i d er
S i m p l e C u s to m er
BGP
BG
P
Static
R o u tin g
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S erv i c e P ro v i d er
( T ra ns i t A S )
BGP Synchronization
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BGP Synchronization
Synchronization can be turned off with
com m and: no synchronization ( if its not
trans it A S or al l the trans it routers in the
A S run B G P ) .
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a b le o n e A S to s e n d
in g th a t th e tr a ffic
a t ta k e n b y tr a ffic
S
e n
n d
th
r A
e s n o t
S in te
e fro m
ig h b o
d o
r A
u t
n e
G P
h b o
n t ro
th e
7 7 1 : B
to n e ig
d iffe r e
a tin g in
RFC 1
tr a ffic
ta k e a
o r ig in
17 7 4
B G P -4 P r o t o c o l A n a l y s i s
17 7 3
E x p e r i e n c e w i t h t h e B G P -4 p r o t o c o l
17 7 1
A B o r d e r G a t e w a y P r o t o c o l 4 ( B G P -4)
17 7 2
A p p lic a tio n o f th e B G P in th e In te r n e t
17 45
B G P 4/ I D R P f o r I P ---O S P F i n t e r a c t i o n
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B G P M IB
16 7 5
R F C s C ov e ring A d d itions to
BGP4
196 5
A u to n o m o u s S y s te m
1997
C o n fe d e r a tio n s fo r B G P
B G P C o m m u n itie s A ttr ib u te
1998
2 38 5
P r o te c tio n o f B G P s e s s io n s v ia th e T C P M D 5
S ig n a tu r e O p tio n
2 439 B G P R o u t e F l a p D a m p i n g
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2 7 96
R F C s C ov e ring BGP
E x te ns ions
2 8 42
C a p a b i l i t i e s A d v e r t i s e m e n t w i t h B G P -4
2 918
R o u t e R e f r e s h C a p a b i l i t y f o r B G P -4
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M u l t i p r o t o c o l e x t e n s i o n s f o r B G P -4
2 8 5 8
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