310382499.

xls

Estimateofsteamexitratefroma3"ventpipe
http://www.cheresources.com/invision/topic/6513-how-to-calculate-steam-vent-flow/
No

Description

units

values

Notes

A.
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
Note:

Exit steam rate to atmosphere, considering it as ideal gas, vent pipe length = 0

Exit steam rate to atmosphere, considering it as real gas, vent pipe length = 0

B1
B'2
B'3
B'4
B'5
B'6
B''2
B''3
B''4
B''5
B''6
Note
B2
B3
B4
B5
Note:
C
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7

Water temperature in deaerator

oC
Steam pressure in deaerator p
bara
Steam k=Cp/Cv
Steam density in deaerator
kg/m3
Critical pressure ratio p*/p
Corresponding p*
bara
Corresponding t*
oC
Corresponding *
kg/m3
Exit velocity at choke conditions u*
m/s
Steam pressure in deaerator p
Pa
Universal gas constant, R
J/kmol
Internal pipe diameter (3" Sch40)
mm
Internal pipe section
m2
Mass velocity
kg/m2/s
Steam exit rate
kg/h
Steam exit rate
kg/h
* means sonic conditions

118
Err:511
Err:511
Err:511
Err:511
Err:511
Err:511
Err:511
Err:511
Err:511
8314
77.9
4.77E-03
Err:511
Err:511
Err:511

Actually p=1.013 bar a at exit, flow can be choked

steam at t* and p* would be liquid

due to choked flow

Perry's formula 6-122 (7th ed, 1997)

pipe section* mass velocity
pipe section*(u*)*(*)

Formula for steam PSV, Cl. Matthews, "pressure relief valves - a quick guide", PP 2004, p. 18, Table 2.4
Check of the formula for a steam condition (choked flow)
Pressure
bara
40
Exit pressure = 1.013 bar a
Temperature
oC
Err:511 saturated steam
Relieving rate from a 3" orifice
kg/h
97625 Kn=1 assumed. Orif size=int dia of 3" Sch40 pipe
Critical mass flow from steam tables kg/cm2/s/bara 1.42E-02 UK steam tables (SI), Ed Arnold 1970, p. 129
97183 So formula by Matthews seems right
Relieving rate, 3" orifice as above
Pressure
bara
10
Exit pressure = 1.013 bar a
Temperature
oC
Err:511 saturated steam
Relieving rate from a 3" orifice
kg/h
24406 Kn=1 assumed. Orif size=int dia of 3" Sch40 pipe
Critical mass flow from steam tables kg/cm2/s/bara 1.45E-02 UK steam tables (SI), Ed Arnold 1970, p. 129
24879 So formula by Matthews seems right
Relieving rate, 3" orifice as above
Formula of PSV discharge (choked flow) by Matthews agrees well with Ed Arnold steam rable diagram
Case of deaerator
Pressure
bara
Err:511 Exit pressure = 1.013 bar a
Temperature
oC
118
saturated steam
Relieving rate from a 3" orifice
kg/h
Err:511 Kn=1 assumed. Orif size=int dia of 3" Sch40 pipe
Formula by Cl. Mathews is applied for relieving rate

Steam rate to atmosphere, considering vent pipe length enough to avoid choked flow
Exit pressure
Pressure just upstream vent
Enthalpy of exit steam H
Average steam pressure
Steam temperature
Entalpy at steam temperature - H
Average steam density

bara
bara
kJ/kg
bar a
oC
kJ/kg
kg/m3

1.01
Err:511
Err:511
Err:511
115.0
Err:511
Err:511

atmospheric
just below limit of critical pressure ratio
Same as of sat steam of 118 oC
Upstream exit- downstream exit
Assumed, then verified through enthalpies
Steam properties at "average" conditions
of 1.30 bara and 115 oC

310382499.xls

C8
C9
C10
C11

Exit pressure loss

Exit pressure loss
Steam exit velocity
Steam exit rate

bar
m of fluid
m/s
kg/h

Err:511
Err:511
Err:511
Err:511

D
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
Note:

Steam rate to atmosphere, considering vent pipe length enough to avoid choked flow
Exit pressure
bara
1.01
atmospheric
Pressure just upstream vent
bara
Err:511 just below limit of critical pressure ratio
Enthalpy of steam at D2 H
kJ/kg
Err:511 Same as of sat steam of 118 oC
Steam temperature at D2
oC
116
Assumed, then verified through enthalpies
Entalpy at steam temperature - H
kJ/kg
Err:511
Steam density at D2
kg/m3
Err:511 At conditions of D2, 1.58 bar a and 116 oC
Exit pressure loss
bar
Err:511
Exit pressure loss
m of fluid
Err:511 based on density = 0.89 kg/m3
Steam exit velocity
m/s
Err:511
Steam exit rate
kg/h
Err:511 based on density = 0.89 kg/m3
Present result is considered more precise than C , but advise would be welcomed

Note: About 1 m of 3" dia vent pipe is adequate to cause P=1.86-1.58=0.28 bar. Then flow is not choked.
Ref

Cl Matthews, "Pressure Relief Valves - A quick guide", Professional Engineering, UK 2004

17-1-2012

ow can be choked

" conditions

310382499.xls

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