University of San Carlos

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Nasipit, Talamban, Cebu City
Cebu, Philippines

Experiment No. 5
Static Bending

In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements in

ME 324ml - Materials Engineering Laboratory

Submitted by:
Lawagon , Aizabel
Lim , Darwin
Mabaga , Ryan

Submitted to:
Eng'r. Van Gaitano N. Vergara , ME , MsManE
I.OBJECTIVE
1.To study the response of a corrugated bar to bending
2. To study the properties of a Corrugated Bar via Static Bending
II.EQUIPMENT
1. Vernier Caliper
2. Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
III.MATERIALS
1. Two Corrugated Bars of different Diameters.

IV.THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Beams are subjected to various stresses caused by the type of loading. Figure 1
shows a single concentrated load in the midsection. The uppermost fibers in the beam
are compressed by the applied load. The fibers at the bottom of the beam are
lengthened because of the tensile load along the bottom. The shortening of the upper
surface of the beam is equal to the lengthening of the bottom part. The change from
tension to compression occurs at the neutral axis and is shown in figure 2. Thus the
distance from the neutral axis to the outermost fiber of the beam plays a significant part
in designing a beam for strength in bending of flexure.

fig a.

fig b.

The Deflection of the Beam would be calculated as

Where E is the Modulus of Elasticity and I is the second moment of area.

Elasticity modulus / Young's modulus ( E ) describes tensile elasticity, or the
tendency of an object to deform along an axis when opposing forces are applied along
that axis; it is defined as the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. It is often referred to
simply as the elastic modulus.
The second moment or area / moment of inertia is a quantity expressing a body's
tendency to resist angular acceleration. It is the sum of the products of the mass of each
particle in the body with the square of its distance from the axis of rotation. Measured in
units L raised to the 4th power.

For a given example:

Maximum deflection:

Deflection at any point:

Variables:

V.Procedures:
1. Remove the two compression plates of the Universal Testing Machine and
replace with the one used for bending
2. Measure the diameter of the specimen
3. Mount the specimen between the two sliding supports, make sure that the
distance is equal with respect to the center of the bar.
4. Tighten the support
5. Turn on the UTM and apply load.
6. Determine the load that initiates bending and the maximum load to produce
deformation
7. Check the bent specimen for any signs of cracks.
8. Calculate maximum Deflection
9. Repeat steps for the next specimen

VI.Sources
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_point_flexural_test
2. http://www.instron.us/wa/applications/test_types/flexure/
3. http://admet.com/blogposts/how-to-perform-a-3-point-bend-test-on-a-universaltesting-machine/
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_area_moments_of_inertia
5. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/materials-science-and-engineering/3-11-mechanicsof-materials-fall-1999/modules/bdisp.pdf