Subject Index

Acharya, J, 103
Act 45 of 1978, 206
Act 18 of 1923, 209
Act 26 of 1955, 209
Advoctaes Act 1961, 44
section 32, 44
section 33, 44
Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act 1981, 66
section 43(2), 65
Allahabad
Allahabad High Court, 9, 22, 28, 84,
103, 106, 181
Amendment Act 18 of 1923, 186
Amendment Act 26 of 1955, 186
Andhra Pradesh, 209, 224
Andhra Pradesh Gram Panchayat Act
1965, 127
section 221(a), 127
Andhra Pradesh High Court, 6, 91,
145, 155
Antiquities and Art Treasures Act 1972,
67
section 25(2), 67
section 25(3), 67
Appearance of Accused, 177
commitment of a case to court of
session, 188-190
issue of process cannot be recalled,
183-184
may appear through his pleader,
185-188
grounds for grant of exemption,
186-188
section 202 applies before
appearance of accused, 185-186
process against, 177-182
at stage process there must be
determinate accused person, 178179
copy of complaint, 180
copy of documents in support of
complaint, 180-181
issue of process, 177-178

list of witnesses, 179-180

payment of process fees, 182
process through summons or
warrant, 181-182
sufficient ground for proceeding,
182-183
Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996,
79
Banerjee, J, 65
Basant, J, 109
Beaumont, J, 136
Bhat, J, 12
Bihar, 209
Bombay
Bombay High Court, 136
Bose, J, 145
Calcutta
Calcutta High Court, 147, 211
Cattle Trespass Act 1871, 24
section 20, 24
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI),
113
Chandigarh, 144
Child Labour (Prohibition and
Regulation) Act 1986, 66
section 16, 66, 68
Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929,
120
section 9, 120
Chauhan, J, 87
Code of Civil Procedure (5 of 1908)
1908, 224
Code of Criminal Procedure 1861, 157
section 66, 157
Code of Criminal Procedure 1872, 158
section 144, 158
Code of Criminal Procedure 1898, 10,
11, 100, 106, 142, 148, 166, 189,
212
section 192, 160
section 196, 69, 72
section 197, 78
section 200, 10, 163
section 202, 169, 170

235

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A Handbook on Complaint Case

section 202(1), 170

section 247, 217
section 540A, 186
section 545, 209, 210
section 546, 212
Code of Criminal Procedure 1973, 1,
11, 18, 23, 28, 45, 48, 51, 60, 65,
70, 98, 100,
106, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 126,
127, 148, 167, 189, 207, 217
(passim throughout text)
section 2 clause (h), 23
section 2 clause (r), 24
section 2 clause (q), 41
section 2(c), 29, 51
section 2(d), 10, 12, 13, 24, 25, 29,
178
section 2(h), 171
section 2(n), 24
section 2(q), 42, 43
section 2(r), 51
section 5, 126
section 24(8), 41
section 61, 164
section 63, 219
section 70(2), 185
section 87, 181
section 91, 164
section 98, 26
section 145, 159
section 148, 159
section 154, 3, 8, 22, 29, 30, 57,
58, 59
section 154(1), 13
section 155(1), 9, 13
section 155(2), 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 20, 171
section 155(4), 14
section 156, 3, 15, 22, 29, 46, 58,
59, 148
section 156(1), 22
section 156(2), 148, 149, 167
section 156(3), 2, 6, 7, 17, 22, 28,
48, 49, 52, 70, 150, 178, 180
section 157, 58
section 157(1), 13
section 161, 196
section 162, 58
section 165(1), 91
section 165(5), 91
section 166A, 145
section 169, 57, 58
section 170, 57, 58
section 172, 39

section 173, 57, 58

section 173(2), 9, 11, 16, 17, 18,
51, 58, 59
section 173(8), 58, 59, 63
section 177, 128, 129, 130, 132,
138, 140, 142, 148, 166
section 178, 132, 133
section 178(a), 132
section 178(b), 133
section 178(c), 133
section 178(d), 135
section 179, 134, 135, 136, 137,
40, 144, 148, 166
section 180, 138
section 181, 138, 139
section 181(1), 138
section 182, 138, 140
section 184, 138
section 184(a), 143
section 186, 60
section 188, 143, 144, 145, 146
section 188(a), 144
section 188(b), 144
section 189, 128, 146
section 190, 6, 14, 17, 21, 29, 41,
45, 46, 47, 68, 93, 147, 148,
166, 167, 172, 175, 188
section 190(c), 148
section 190(1), 7, 16, 17, 20, 45,
53, 178
section 190(1)(a), 21, 44, 48, 49, 60
section 190(1)(b), 20, 21, 22, 44,
46, 53, 56, 60, 68, 149, 178
section 190(1)(c), 21, 44, 51, 60,
61, 68, 107
section 192, 5, 6, 150, 160, 168
section 195, 5, 6, 16, 17, 18, 20,
21, 45, 79, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100,
120
section 195(1)(a)(i), 19
section 195(1) (b), 14, 16, 17, 98
section 195(1)(b)(ii), 19, 98
section 196, 69, 70, 71, 72, 75,
120
section 196(1), 70
section 196(1)a, 70
section 196(3), 22
section 197, 69, 70, 74, 75, 77, 78,
79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,
88, 89, 90, 91, 120
section 197(1), 87
section 197(4), 93
section 198, 15, 18, 21, 65, 67,
102, 103, 104, 120, 141

Subject Index
section 198(1), 103, 104
section 198(1)(c), 18
section 198(6), 106
section 198A, 15, 106, 120
section 199, 15, 21, 45, 102, 107,
111, 113, 120
section 199(3), 27
section 200, 5, 6, 7, 47, 48, 49,
150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156,
157, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164,
165, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174,
175, 183, 184, 201, 233
section 200(a), 151
section 201, 47, 149, 165, 167
section 201, clause (a), 5
section 202, 6, 10, 23, 47, 48, 50,
62, 153, 154, 155, 156, 159, 168,
169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 183,
184
section 202(1), 10, 22, 23, 24, 114,
154, 155, 158, 169, 170, 171,
172, 173, 178, 179
section 202(2), 154, 157, 158, 231
section 203, 49, 54, 170, 172,
173,174, 175, 176, 183, 184
section 204, 23, 24, 28, 113, 149,
150, 152, 164, 167, 169, 170,
173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179,
180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 191,
198, 201, 219, 231
section 204(1), 185
section 204(2), 179, 180
section 204(3), 5
section 204(4), 182
section 205, 185, 186, 187
section 206, 204
section 207, 189
section 208, 155, 156, 180, 189,
191
section 209, 189
section 210, 2, 51, 52, 60, 61, 62,
190
section 216, 74
section 216(5), 93
section 218(1), 32
section 219, 143
section 220, 143
section 221, 143
section 223, 32, 143
section 225, 37, 38, 40
section 227, 49, 174, 192, 193,
195, 198
section 228, 174, 192
section 234, 142, 206

237

section 235, 142

section 236, 142
section 239, 142, 175, 198
section 240, 175
section 244, 156, 197
section 245, 49, 175, 195, 197
section 246, 198
section 249, 217, 218
section 250, 213, 227
section 251, 191, 197, 198
section 252, 198
section 256, 54, 173, 215, 216, 217
section 256(2), 113
section 273, 186
section 274, 164
section 274(1), 158
section 281, 205
section 281(1), 158
section 296, 161
section 300, 54, 55, 56
section 301, 38, 39
section 301(2), 38, 40
section 302, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
section 302(2), 42
section 303, 27, 40
section 304, 40
section 305, 218, 219
section 309, 35, 206
section 309(2), 36
section 311, 63, 180, 206
section 313, 185, 205
section 317, 186
section 319, 63
section 320, 219, 224, 225. 227
section 320(8), 226
section 320(9), 226
section 323, 189
section 326, 159, 160
section 326(1), 160
section 340, 16, 17, 96, 97, 98, 99,
100
section 340(1), 99
section 340(1)(c), 16
section 341, 100
section 341(2), 99
section 343(1), 100
section 357, 33, 34, 207, 208, 209,
211, 212, 213, 214, 229
section 357(1), 33
section 357(3), 33, 213
section 357(4), 209
section 359, 213
section 397, 122
section 398, 180, 231

238

A Handbook on Complaint Case

section 406, 131

section 407, 93, 131
section 428, 20, 203
section 462, 147
section 465, 94, 162
section 467, 119
section 468, 114, 116, 120, 127
section 469, 117, 118
section 470, 117
section 471, 117
section 473, 5, 115, 116, 117, 119,
125, 126
section 479, 16
section 482, 35, 59, 60, 122, 226
section 494, 104
section 497, 102, 102, 104
section 498, 102, 104
section 531, 147
Code of Criminal Procedure (Act 2 of
1974), 209
section 357, 209
Code of Criminal Procedure
(Amendment) Act 1991, 76
Companies Act
section 159, 124
section 617, 80
Constitution of India
Article 12, 81
Article 19, 58
Article 21, 58
Article 136, 203
Article 226, 59, 203
Article 227, 59, 203
Article 356, 75, 84
clause (1), 75, 76
clause (b), 75
Courtney Terrel C. J, 50, 51
Criminal Justice Act of 1925, 128,
129
Customs Act 1962, 66, 68
section 132, 66
section 133, 66
section 135, 66
section 135A, 66
Das Gupta, J, 48
Delhi, 130, 182, 195
Delhi High Court, 121, 130, 154,
155, 182, 198
Delhi Police Act, 90
Deshpande, J, 28
Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940, 137
Dubai, 188
Electricity Act 2003, 66
Emigration Act 1983, 69

section 27, 69
England, 128, 129
Environment (Protection) Act 1986,
65, 70
Essential Commodities Act 1955, 6,
66, 67
section 11, 6
Extradition Act 1962, 131
Fatal Accidents Act 1855 (13 of
1855), 208, 209, 210
First Information Report (FIR), 8, 13,
16, 18, 30, 57, 58, 59, 60, 122,
130, 196
From Complaint to Cognizance of
Offence, 1
basis of complaint is an offence, 2426
cognizance, 44-64
cognizance of offence otherwise
than on complaint or police
report, 63-64
meaning of, 45-46
mode of, 49-53
reasons for taking cognizance not
mandatory, 46-49
successive, 53-62
complaint by more than one person,
36-37
conduct of prosecution, 37-44
advocate engaged by private party
to assist public prosecutor, 38-39
permission to conduct prosecution,
39-44
prosecution by public prosecutor in
sessions court, 37-38
definition of complaint, 4-5
delay in filing complaint, 26-27
distinction between complaint and
police report, 1-2
form of complaint, 27-32
accused need not be named, 29-30
joinder of causes in complaint, 3132
investigation into non-cognizable case,
8-10
investigation into non-cognizable case
in garb of provisions of explanation
to section 2(D), 10-13
order of investigation into cognizable
case, 22
police investigation into noncognizable offence with restrictions
on its cognizance, 14-21
preference of legislature, 2-3

Subject Index
subject matter of complaint is an
offence, 3-4
suit with substantially same issue as
criminal prosecution, 32-36
who may investigate?, 23-24
written versus oral complaint, 5-8
Gajendragadkar, J, 121
General Clauses Act 1897, 24
section 3(38), 24
Goa, 209
Goel, J, 85
Gujarat
Gujarat High Court, 104, 138
Haryana Co-operative Societies Act
1984, 83
section 123, 83
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh High Court, 104
Income Tax Act 1961, 127
India, 44, 108, 128, 143, 144, 145
Indian Evidence Act 1872, 230
Indian Official Secrets Act 1923, 68
section 3, 68
section 13(3), 69
Indian Penal Code 1860 (IPC), 6, 70,
71, 211, 214, 219, 230
section 19, 77, 78, 79
section 21, 6, 67, 79, 81, 82, 83
clause (3), 78
clause (6), 79
section 53, 211
section 68, 228
section 69, 228
section 108A, 70, 71
section 120B, 71, 130, 134, 196,
230
section 120B(2), 72
section 153A, 70, 71
section 153B, 71
section 161
section 186, 6
section 188, 17, 19, 20
section 200, 183
section 218, 90
section 294, 90
section 295A, 71
section 302, 58, 196
section 307, 58
section 323, 134
section 326, 58
section 353, 6
section 356, 6
section 375, 106
section 376, 102

239

section 405, 123

section 406, 123
section 409, 88, 91, 130
section 420, 230
section 425, 130
section 466, 19, 138
section 471, 19, 138
section 477A, 196
section 493, 102
section 494, 18, 21, 101, 102, 103,
105, 140, 141
section 495, 101, 102, 103, 105,
140, 141
section 496, 102
section 497, 101
section 498, 101, 102
section 498A, 15, 18, 21, 107, 126,
133, 134, 136
section 499, 112
section 500, 136
section 505, 71
section 505(1), 70
section 505(2), 71
section 506, 134
Indictments Act of 1915, 128
Intermediate and Final Stages in
Inquiry and Trial, 215
absence of complainant in summons
case, 215-217
change of representative of company,
216-17
death of complainant, 217
non-appearance, 215-14
absence of complainant in warrant
case, 217-218
being litigant, 229-233
advocate, 229-230
appearance before court, 232-233
condonation of delay, 233
filing complaint, 230
introduction, 229
list of witnesses, 231
number of witnesses for presummoning evidence, 233
out of court settlement, 229
when you are accused, 231-232
compounding of an offence, 219-227
compensation for accusation without
cause, 227-229
without reasonable cause, 227-229
when corporation or registered
society is accused, 218-219
Joshi, J, 61
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection

240

A Handbook on Complaint Case

of Children) Act 2000, 204

Karnataka, 209
Karnataka High Court, 81, 104, 120,
161
Kerala
Kerala High Court, 12, 36, 37, 100,
104, 115, 144, 145, 184, 214
Kerala Municipalities Act, 127
section 387, 127
Kulkarni, J, 137
Lohore
Lahore High Court, 34
Limitation Act 1963, 115
section 5, 115
Madhusudan Rao, J, 72
Madhya Pradesh, 209, 224
Madhya Pradesh High Court, 92
Madras
Madras High Court, 62, 108, 113,
209
Magistrates Courts Act of 1952, 128
Manmohan, J, 116
Mathur, J, 73
Mulla, J, 135
Negotiable Instruments Act 1881, 4,
5, 34, 115, 135, 213, 216, 229, 230
section 138, 4, 34, 115, 135, 161,
213, 216, 230
section 142, clause (a), 5
section 145, 161
Oaths Act 1969, 162
section 4, 162
section 7, 162
Orissa
Orissa High Court, 18
Patna
Patna High Court, 50
Post-cognizance inquiry before
appearance of accused, 150
changes introduced in Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973, 169-170
complaint by private person or
government agency, 150-152
dismissal of complaint under section
203, Code of Criminal Procedure
1973, 172-176
examination of complainant and
witnesses present, 164
examination of complaint and his
witnesses, 150
examination on oath, 160-162
examination to be without delay, 163
examination under section 200 Code
of Criminal Procedure 1973, shall

be signed, 164-165
inquiry, 172
inquiry under section 202 Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973, 170
investigation, 171-172
originality of section 202, Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973, 170
public officials may be exempted
from mandatory examination, 152157
reasons for dismissal of complaint,
176
return of complaint, 165-168
section 202, Code of Criminal
Procedure 1973, 168-169
substance of examination, 157-159
transfer of complaint under section
192, 159-160
Prevention of Corruption Act 1988,
83, 196
section 2(c)(viii), 83
section 5(1), clause (d), 196
section 5(2), 196
section 13, 130
Prevention of Food Adulteration Act
1954, 66, 67, 82
Prithvi Raj, J, 61
Probation of Offenders Act 1958 (20
of 1958), 202, 203
Punjab and Haryana High Court, 54,
104
Rajasthan, 209
Rajasthan High Court, 45, 87
Ramaswamy, J, 134, 144
Rangoon, 209
Restriction on Cognizance, 65
introduction, 65
government may appoint specific
court under section 197, Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973, 92-93
limitation for cognizance, 114-127
continuing offence, 122-124
forum to agitate cognizance
beyond limitation, 120-122
grounds of condonation of delay,
125-127
notice to accused before
condoning delay, 124-125
section 468, 114-120
no participation of accused in an
inquiry before issue of process,
113-114
offences in which only complaint
procedure is envisaged, 65-68

Subject Index
other restrictions, 94-112
cognizance of offence against
marriage investigated with
cognizable offence, 106
complaint of court or public
servant concerned under section
195, 94-100
prosecution for offences against
marriage, 101-106
section 198A, 106-107
section 199, 107-113
sanction under provisions of Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973, 70-92
acting or purporting to act in
discharge of official duty, 86-92
application of mind, 85-86
burden of proof and stage to raise
question of, 83-84
by competent authority, 84
judge and magistrate, 77-79
no hearing before sanction, 84-85
public servant, 79-83
sanction in respect of acts
constituting an offence, 77
section 197, 75
prosecution of judges and public
servants, 75-76
subsequent sanction is of no avail,
93-94
Shelat, J, 133, 138
Shiv Kumar Sharma, 45
Society Registration Act (21 of 1860)
1860, 218
Srivastava, J, 111
Stage of Charge or Notice and
Commencement of Trial, 191
basis of charge, 194
charge in warrant case, 196-197
compensation only at time of final
judgment, 211-212
compensation to victim, 207-211
compensation when an offence has
compulsory fine as sentence, 212213
conclusion, 199
. defence of accused, 195
from commencement to termination
of, 205-207
introduction, 191
material with accused or within his
knowledge cannot be considered,
194-195
no evaluation of material on record,
191-194

241

notice in summons case, 197-199

plea bargain, 199-204
plea of an accused, 204-205
plea on charge, 199
reasons for charge, 195-196
suspension of sentence, 207
whether imprisonment in default of
compensation permissible, 213-214
Supreme Court, 8, 13, 15, 18, 19, 21,
26, 27, 34, 35, 36, 41, 42, 48, 49,
51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 59, 77, 81, 82,
83, 86, 88, 91, 92, 94, 97, 98, 115,
116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123,
124, 125, 130, 131, 133, 134, 142,
144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 161,
166, 167, 168, 178, 183, 184, 192,
193, 194, 196, 198, 199, 209, 212,
214, 217
Thomas, J, 104
Uttar Pradesh, 209
Venue of Complaint, 128
consequences of breach of
jurisdictional clauses, 146-149
doubt of an offence partly in one
and partly in another area, 132-133
enlarged venue for specific offences,
138-141
introduction, 128-29
jurisdiction in continuing offence,
133-134
offence committed outside India,
143-146
evidence of offence committed
outside India on commission, 146
jurisdiction where offender found,
145-146
no sanction for investigation, 144145
offence during journey or voyage,
141-142
offences triable together, 142-143
ordinary, 129-132
related offences, 138
Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act 1974, 66
section 49(b), 66
West Bengal, 209
Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972, 66
section 55, 66