OIL FURNACES

SERVICE CERTIFICATION
Certification Information

Scope - Tests a candidate's knowledge of the installation, service, maintenance, and repair of HVAC systems. System sizes are limited to
400,000 BTU or less heating capacity.

Qualifications
Y

This is a test and certification for TECHNICIANS in the HVAC industry. The test is designed for top level service
technicians. This test for certification is not intended for the HVAC system designer, sales force, or the engineering
community. To become NATE-certified, you must pass this specialty and a CORE SERVICE exam.
This test will measure what 80% of the Oil Furnaces candidates have an 80% likelihood of encountering at least once
during the year on a NATIONAL basis.
Suggested requirement is two years of field experience working on Oil Furnaces systems as a service technician and
technical training for theoretical knowledge.

Test Specifications
Closed Book
2.5 Hour Time Limit
100 Questions Passing Score: PASS/FAIL
Listed are the percentages of questions that will be in each section of the Oil Furnaces exam.
SECTION AREA DESCRIPTION
SECTION PERCENTAGE
Installation
20%
Service
45%
System Components
25%
Applied Knowledge
10%

Oil Furnaces Industry References

The reference materials listed below will be helpful in preparing for this exam. These materials may NOT contain all of the information necessary to be
competent in this specialty or to pass the exam.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) / Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) Manuals - Latest Edition

D, J, QI - Quality Installation, and S

ACCA Manuals T and RS - Latest Editions
ACCA Residential Duct Diagnostics and Repair - Latest Edition
AHRI-Hydronics Section-IBO/RAH Latest Edition
International Energy Conservation Code - Latest Edition with Addendum
International Mechanical Code - Latest Edition with Addendum
International Plumbing Code - Latest Edition with Addendum
Uniform Mechanical Code - Latest Edition with Addendum
Specification of Energy-Efficient Installation and Maintenance Practices for Residential HVAC Systems developed by Consortium for Energy
Efficiency (CEE) - Latest Edition with Addendum
ASHRAE Standard-62.2 - Latest Edition with Addendum
ANSI / ASHRAE Standard-152-2004 - Latest Edition with Addendum
ENERGY STAR Home Sealing Standards - Latest Edition with Addendum
Duct Calculators Sheet Metal, Ductboard, and Flexible Duct
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) / Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc. (SMACNA) Manuals

HVAC Duct Construction Standards - Metal and Flexible

Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc. (SMACNA) Manuals

Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards, Residential Comfort System Installation Standards Manual, and HVAC Air Duct
Leakage Test Manual
Air Diffusion Council Flexible Duct Performance & Installation Standards
North American Insulation Manufacturers Association (NAIMA) Manuals

Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards and A Guide to Insulated Air Duct Systems
International Fuel Gas Code Latest Edition with Addendum
National Fuel Gas Code Latest Edition with Addendum

Passing Score Development Process

The passing scores for the NATE tests were established using a systematic procedure (a Passing Score Study). This procedure employed the judgment of
experienced HVAC professionals and educators representing various HVAC specialties and geographical areas. The passing scores were set using
criteria defining competent performance. The passing score for different test forms may vary slightly due to the comparative difficulty of the test
questions.

Exam Copyrights
All testing documents and questions are the copyrighted property of North American Technician Excellence Inc.-NATE. It is forbidden under federal
copyright law to copy, reproduce, record, distribute or display these documents or questions by any means, in whole or part, without written permission
from NATE. Doing so may subject you to severe civil and/or criminal penalties, including imprisonment and/or fines for criminal violations.

Heating - Warm Air - Oil

Service
INSTALLATION
INSTALLING OIL FURNACES
SELECTING OIL TANK LOCATION
Locating oil tanks outdoors - above ground
Locating oil tanks outdoors - below ground
Locating oil tanks in basements
SELECTING OIL FURNACE SITES
Locating furnaces in attics
Locating furnaces in crawlspaces
Locating furnaces in closets
Locating furnaces in basements
Locating furnaces in utility rooms
Locating furnaces in garages
Locating packaged furnaces on rooftops
Locating packaged furnaces for outdoor ground level installations
MOUNTING FURNACES
How to suspend horizontal furnaces in attics
How to suspend horizontal furnaces in crawlspaces
How to mount horizontal furnaces on attic floors
How to mount upflow / downflow furnaces in closets
How to mount upflow / downflow furnaces in basements
How to mount upflow / downflow furnaces in utility rooms
How to mount upflow / downflow furnaces in garages
How to mount packaged furnaces on rooftops
How to mount packaged furnaces for outdoor ground level installations
INSTALLATION OF PLENUMS AND DUCT
Sizing plenums for physical fit
Types and styles of plenums selected
Insulation of plenums and ducts
INSTALLATION OF UTILITIES
Installation of oil supply
Installation of oil returns
Wiring oil furnaces
INSTALLATION OF METAL VENTING SYSTEMS
Determination of routing
Cutting of metal vent systems to proper length
Assembly of metal vent systems
Securing of metal vent systems
Installing power venters
INSTALLATION OF COMBUSTION AIR INLETS ACCESSORIES
Combustion air inlets in confined spaces - attics
Combustion air inlets in confined spaces - basements
Combustion air inlets in confined spaces - closets
Combustion air inlets in confined spaces - crawlspaces
Installation of powered combustion air intakes
DUCT INSTALLATION
DUCT FABRICATION EQUIPMENT
Ductboard tools - 90 V-groove, end cutoff, female shiplap, hole cutter, stapler, etc.
Flex tools - tensioning strap tools, knives, etc.
Metal tools - metal snips, sheers, benders, breaks, hand formers, calipers, rulers, stapler, etc.
FIELD CONSTRUCTION / INSTALLATION
Ductboard installation technique
Techniques for joining dissimilar duct
Duct of alternate materials - wood, aluminum, etc.
INSTALLING METAL DUCT
Assembly methods for rectangular duct
Installation technique - rectangular metal
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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

Assembly methods for round duct

Installation technique - round metal
Hanging ductwork
Sealing metal duct
Insulation - internal and external, vapor barriers
Assembling for low noise and low pressure drop
INSTALLING FLEXIBLE DUCT
Assembly methods - appropriate length
Flexible duct joints
Hanging flexible duct
Installation technique - flex duct
Sealing flexible duct
INSTALLING DUCTBOARD
Assembly methods for ductboard - supports
Installation technique - ductboard
Hanging methods for ductboard
Sealing ductboard
INSTALLING GRILLES, REGISTERS, DIFFUSERS, & DAMPER
Mounting to ductwork
Securing methods
CHASES USED AS DUCTS
Floor joists as air ducts
Vertical chases
RECONNECTING DUCT WHEN REPLACING EQUIPMENT
Reconnecting metal duct
Reconnecting flexible duct
Reconnecting ductboard duct
INSTALLATION OF PLENUMS AND DUCT
Sizing plenums for physical fit
Types and styles of plenums selected
Insulation of plenums and ducts
INSTALLING ACCESSORIES
INSTALLING THERMOSTATS
Locating and mounting
Wiring electromechanical thermostats
Wiring electronic thermostats
Programming of electronic thermostats
INSTALLING HUMIDIFIERS
Installing humidifiers
Wiring humidifiers
Controlling humidifiers
INSTALLING ELECTRONIC AIR CLEANERS
Installing electronic air cleaners
Wiring electronic air cleaners
Controlling electronic air cleaners
START-UP AND CHECKOUT PRESTART PROCEDURES
Oil supply and proper shutoff
Electrical
Adequate combustion air provisions
Venting system
Ductwork system
Condensate system for AC
START-UP PROCEDURES AND CHECKS
Voltage checks
Check thermostat and set heat anticipator
Motor checks-burner motor, supply blower motor
Airflow checks - static pressure
Check call for heat sequences
Oil supply checks
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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

OIL BURNER ADJUSTMENTS

Unit preparations
Nozzle checks
Electrode adjustments
Air adjustment at burner
Adjusting oil pressure
Adjusting draft
Checking smoke readings
Smoke vs. Carbon Dioxide graph
Final adjustments
Measuring stack temperature
Checking ignition
Checking pump cutoff
COMBUSTION CHECKS
Flame checks
Stack temperature check
Carbon Dioxide checks
Smoke test
Overfire draft check
Breech draft check
Oxygen checks
Efficiency check
Burner motor checks - output pressure, amp draw, etc.
Supply and return airflow checks
LEAK DETECTION TOOLS
Electronic leak detectors
Ultrasonic leak detector
Pressurization for leak detection
OIL BURNER COMBUSTION SETUP TOOLS
OIL PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
High pressure dial gauges
Vacuum dial gauges
FLUE GAS ANALYSIS
Draft gauge
Smoke tester
Carbon Dioxide analyzer
Combustion efficiency slide rule
Stack Thermometer
LEAK DETECTION - CO
Carbon Monoxide detector - electrical
Carbon Monoxide detector - manual-monoxor
SETUP
Nozzle wrench
Oiling cans
Electrode/Nozzle gauge
Flame mirror
AIRFLOW MEASUREMENTS
AIRFLOW VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
Pitot tube and manometer in measuring static pressure
Discharge velocity equipment
Velometer - electronic and mechanical
Anemometer
Velocity measurement procedures
Gauge calibration
Introduction to airflow in Residential HVAC
Velocity
AIRFLOW PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
Overview of static pressure measurements
Inclined manometer
Diaphragm type differential pressure gauge
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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

U-tube manometer
Electronic manometer / pressure measurement
Gauge / meter calibration
Absolute vs. Gauge Pressure
Static pressure
Air pressure measurement terminology
Velocity pressure
Total pressure
AIR VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
Airflow hood
Formulae for determining CFM of air
Formulae for weight of air
Locations for air volume measurements
Airflow volume - CFM / SCFM (Static CFM)
SERVICE
PLANNED MAINTENANCE
SYSTEM MECHANICAL PM CHECKS
Air filter checks and changeout
Lubrication
Packaged unit cabinet care
Fan blades / blower scroll
Flue / vent stack inspection
Duct
Heat exchanger - inspection, cleaning, replace gaskets etc
System airflow
Oil tank
Combustion tests
Combustion chamber inspection
Barometric regulator
Combustion air supply
BURNER MECHANICAL PM CHECKS
Oil lines / connections
Combustion air supply check and adjustment
Nozzle replacement
Oil pump-pressure, vacuum etc
Pump strainers
Oil filter cleaning and cartridge replacement
Electrodes - clean, inspect and adjust
Ohm cad cell and clean
Combustion head
Transformers
Burner motor
ELECTRICAL PM CHECKS
General wiring
Power burner operation
Burner motor operation
Furnace supply air blower motor
Furnace operating sequence
Thermostat calibration and operation
Fan switch and high limit control
DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR
TROUBLESHOOTING SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
Check for proper sequence of operation
Interpreting system at sequence interruption
ANALYZING REPORTED SYMPTOMS
Insufficient / no heat
Short cycle
Humidity problems
Drafty
Noise problems
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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

System runs continuously

High utility bills
Wide swings in room temperatures
Air quality - odors, fumes, etc.
ANALYZING COMBUSTION
Carbon Dioxide checks for efficiency
Interpreting a smoke test
Balancing excess air and the smoke test
Diagnosing air leaks and efficiency loss
Diagnosing low draft-stack, overfire
Diagnosing excessive draft-stack, overfire
Diagnosing excessive draft on off cycle
Interpreting steady state efficiency measurements - stack loss calculations
Interpreting oxygen content for combustion diagnostics
SYSTEM AIR SIDE DIAGNOSTICS
Temperature checks
Checking system static pressure
Checking total CFM
Checking supply CFM at registers and diffusers
Checking return CFM
Checking for leaks in supplies
Checking for leaks in returns
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CHECKS
Supply voltage
Supply air blower
High voltage transformer
Low voltage transformer
Power burner
Room thermostat
Electronic controllers - input / output
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT CHECKS
Room thermostat
High voltage transformers
Low voltage transformers
Oil burner motor
Electrodes
Flame sensor/cad cell
Overcurrent protection
Relays and contactors
Capacitor - supply air blower
Limit control-high temperature
Door interlock switch
Supply air motor
Stack switches-flame proving
REPAIR EXCLUDING POWER BURNER
Electrical wiring
Flue stack / venting system
Combustion chamber-lining
Oil lines
Supply air blowers-shafts, bearings, mounts etc
REPAIR - POWER BURNERS
Output pressure adjustment
Bleeding air
Cleaning burner - end cone, blower wheel, blast tube, etc.
Clean and adjust electrodes
COMPONENT REPLACEMENTS
High voltage transformers
Low voltage transformers
Flame retention heads
Electrodes
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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

Nozzle
Combustion chamber
Heat exchanger
Oil burner blower
Relay
Supply air blower- motor, wheel
Capacitors
Oil pump
Safety circuit switches-limit
Barometric damper
Primary control
Cad cells
Blast tubes
Fan and limit switches
Circuit boards - fan
VENT SYSTEM CHECKS
Checking draft
Correcting insufficient draft
Checking for leaks
Checking for obstructions - vent connection and chimney
DIAGNOSING OIL COMBUSTION PROBLEMS
Overheated nozzle
Sooting
Discolored flame
Intermittent flame
Partial burner flame-low viscosity
Delayed ignition - puffback
Carbon build up
Retention head burnoff
Trip on high limit-overfiring
Carbon Monoxide
Off center burn
Airtube burn-off
Nozzle afterdrip
Lack of ignition
Afterburn
Low capacity-clogging, oil supply contamination
OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICAL TROUBLESHOOTING
LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUITS
Voltage tests
Control string analysis
Understanding the logic of low voltage troubleshooting
Troubleshooting equipment with electronic devices.
Troubleshooting with schematics
Troubleshooting without schematics
Current tests
Equipment continuity tests
Ground tests
LINE VOLTAGE CIRCUITS
Voltage tests
Current tests
Component tests
Circuit tracing line voltages
Troubleshooting with schematics
Troubleshooting without schematics
Equipment continuity tests
Ground tests
AIR BALANCING
GATHERING DESIGN INFORMATION
Interpreting system design
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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

Interpreting specifications
Interpreting equipment information
Interpreting control data
Modifying system design
PREPARATION OF SYSTEM FOR AIR TESTS
Locating registers, grilles, equipment, controls, and dampers in building walkthrough
Setting dampers for tests
Setting thermostat for tests
Checking for proper fan operation and rotation
Checking for proper static pressure and temperature
PROCEDURES FOR CONDUCTING AIR TESTS
Measurements of each supply outlet - total readings
Measurements of each return inlet - total readings
MAKING ADJUSTMENTS
Adjust airflow to achieve required total airflow Remeasure total supply and return grille airflow Adjust
dampers to obtain design airflow
Re-measure total airflow to verify that it is within +/- 10%
FINAL TEST
Comparing manufacturer's equipment information with test results
Record sheave, pulley, and belt sizes data
Test and record full load motor amperes
Test and record voltage
Test and record motor and fan RPM
Test and record supply and return static pressures
Test and record supply and return air temperatures - heat and cool
COMPLETION OF APPROPRIATE FORMS
HVAC system report
System diagrams
Duct traverse or data pulley forms
Instrument list - including calibration dates
BASIC HVAC SYSTEM ANALYSIS
NOISE PROBLEMS
Interpreting supply / return air volume
Interpreting supply / return air velocity
Noise problems
Blower cavitation
Oil canning
Motor / belt noise
Vibration
HIGH UTILITY BILLS
Interpreting supply / return air temperature
Interpreting supply / return air volume
Evaluating duct leakage
Evaluating duct insulation
Envelope infiltration
Thermostat air sensing
WIDE TEMPERATURE SWINGS
Interpreting supply / return air temperature
Interpreting supply / return air volume
Evaluating duct leakage
Evaluating duct insulation
Envelope infiltration
Thermostat air sensing
SINGLE AREA IS HOT OR COLD
Interpreting supply / return air temperature
Interpreting supply / return air volume
Evaluating duct leakage
Evaluating duct insulation
Envelope infiltration
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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

Thermostat air sensing

INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Number of air changes per hour
Odor control
Contaminants
ANALYZING REPORTED SYMPTOMS IN HEATING
POOR HEATING
Interpreting supply / return air temperature
Interpreting supply / return air volume
Interpreting supply / return air velocity
Evaluating duct leakage
Using temperature drop across evaporator coil
HUMIDITY PROBLEMS
Interpreting wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures
Interpreting supply / return air volume
Determining the need for additional humidity
Evaluating duct leakage
DRAFTY
Interpreting supply / return air temperature
Interpreting supply / return air volume
Interpreting supply / return air velocity
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS
OIL TRANSFER PRINCIPLES
Fundamentals of oil transfer
Basic oil supply circuit
FURNACE CONFIGURATIONS & APPLICATIONS
FURNACE CONFIGURATIONS
Upflow
Downflow
Horizontal
Lowboy
OIL FURNACES WITH SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER
Introduction to oil furnace with split system AC
Electrical layouts
Specifications
Attic layouts
Crawlspace layouts
Closet layouts
Basement layouts
Ventilation options
Regional considerations
MULTI-POSITION FURNACE
Two way
Three way
COMBUSTION PROCESS FOR OIL FURNACES
COMBUSTION - FUEL OIL
Describe combustion of fuel oil
Describe carbon dioxide as a product of combustion
Describe oxygen's role in combustion
Describe carbon monoxide as a product of incomplete combustion
Water vapor as product of combustion
Contaminants from improper combustion
Effects of contaminated oil on combustion
FUNDAMENTALS OF OIL COMBUSTION FURNACES
Natural draft oil furnaces
Overview of operation for oil furnaces
VENT SYSTEMS
Fundamentals of natural draft systems
Natural draft systems with power venters
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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

Vent system options-masonry chimneys, manufactured chimneys

Role of barometric dampers in vent systems
CONTROL FUNCTIONS
Fan control
Heat exchanger limit control
Flame proving - cad cell
Introduction to primary controls
Door interlocks
Room thermostats
NATURAL DRAFT OIL FURNACE - COMPONENTS
OIL SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Above ground tanks
Below ground tanks
Indoor tanks
Supply lines
Filters
Manual shutoffs
Single pipe systems
Two pipe systems
Single pipe to two pipe conversion
Electric shutoffs, solenoids
Check valves
POWER BURNERS
Functions of the power burner
Gun type burners
Single stage pumps
Two stage pumps
Combustion air blowers
Flame retention heads
Combustion intakes - outdoor
COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
Construction
Refractory
Non refractory
Stainless steel
Role of configuration in proper combustion
HEAT EXCHANGERS
Construction
Materials
Functions of heat exchanger
NOZZLES
Construction
Flow rates
Angles and patterns
Effects of excess air
Atomization
Selection of nozzles
Effects of viscosity on nozzle flowrate and pattern
Filters for nozzles
COMBUSTION AIR REQUIREMENTS
OUTDOOR AIR SPECIFICATIONS
Attic applications
Crawlspace applications
Closet applications
Basement applications
Rooftop applications
AIR DISTRIBUTION
DUCT SYSTEMS
Duct system design
Duct configurations - extended plenum, reducing trunk etc.
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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

Return configurations
Return grille locations
Supply locations
SUPPLY BLOWERS
Introduction to supply blowers
Supply blowers - types and selection
Blower operation
Fan laws
WIRING LAYOUTS
POWER WIRING
Power wiring for split system furnace
LOW VOLTAGE
Overview of low voltage wiring
ELECTROMECHANICAL SENSING CONTROLS
ELECTROMECHANICAL ROOM THERMOSTATS
Basic thermostat types and operation
Selecting room thermostats and sub-bases
Thermostat terminals and wiring
Using electromechanical thermostats
Selecting location
Role of anticipators in thermostatic control
ELECTROMECHANICAL TEMPERATURE CONTROLS
Introduction to bimetal controls
Disc type temperature limit controls
Fuses and fuse links
Fossil fuel kits
Motor overloads
Stack temperature controls
PRESSURE CONTROLS
Operation of pressure control-power venters
Using pressure controls-power venters
Vacuum relief valve to regulate inlet combustion air
NON-SENSING CONTROLS
RELAYS AND CONTACTORS
Introduction to relays and contactors
Basics of relay and contactor operation - inrush and holding
Selecting relays and contactors
Application considerations for relays and contactors
ELECTRONIC CONTROLS
OVERVIEW OF SYSTEM ELECTRONIC CONTROLLERS
Input / output operations
Logic
ELECTRONIC THERMOSTATS
Fundamentals of electronic thermostats
Selecting electronic thermostats
Overview of electronic thermostat operation
Fossil fuel kits for use with heat pumps
ELECTRONIC TMERS
Introduction to blower delay timers
Purging timers
PRIMARY CONTROLS
Basic construction of oil furnace primary controls
Basics of operation - oil furnace primary controls
APPLIED KNOWLEDGE: REGS, CODES, & DESIGN
AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Fresh air supplies
FUEL HANDLING AND STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
Storage tank regulations-above the ground
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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

Storage tank regulations-below ground

ELECTRICAL CODE
REQUIREMENTS
Overview of electrical code
Circuit breaker and fuse requirements
General wiring practices
Class I wire sizing
Class II wire sizing
Conduit sizing
Definitions
Safety listings - UL / ARL / ETL
STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS AND CODES
STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS
State licensing requirements for technicians
Use of Carbon Monoxide detectors
Smoke detector requirements
CODES
Plumbing
Municipalities
Oil furnace for light commercial
Oil furnace for residential
FIRE PROTECTION REGULATIONS AND CODES
COMBUSTION AIR
Sizing air intakes in confined spaces
Sources of combustion air
FURNACE ACCESS
Access to furnace
Access to service panel
OIL PIPING
Sizing for capacity
Length limitations
Attachment to appliance
INSTALLATIONS
Installation of oil burning equipment
VENTING REQUIREMENTS
Venting of oil burning equipment
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS - COMFORT
TEMPERATURE
Designing for capacity
Using industry standards
HUMIDITY
Role of humidity in comfort
Using industry standards
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Ventilation - comfort
Air cleaning for comfort
Industry standards for air quality
SOUND LEVEL
Equipment location considerations
Isolation, mounting pad, duct, and structure
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS - OIL FURNACE EQUIPMENT
OIL FURNACES WITH SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER
System designs - closets, basements, etc.
Equipment location
Electrical layouts
Ventilation - fresh air
Regional design considerations
Combustion flue gases
Ventilation - equipment
Condensate drains / pans
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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

Mounting of equipment
Combustion air
Fuel oil burner - forced air system
VENTING
Sizing flue pipe
Flue pipe layout
Adapting vent draft control - damper
Roof fittings - cap, collar, flashing, etc.
Pipe types - L-metal
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS - EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
DIFFUSERS, REGISTERS, AND GRILLES
Selecting diffusers, grilles, and registers for capacity
Selecting diffusers, grilles, and registers for reduced sound
Selecting diffusers, grilles, and registers for throws, spread, and pressure drop
Locations
ACCESSORIES
Humidifier sizing
Twinning kits
Electronic air cleaners (EAC's)
INDUSTRY STANDARDS
EQUIPMENT STANDARDS
Performance and safety standards- UL
Efficiency requirements - DOE
SYSTEM STANDARDS
Introduction to industry standards
Industry standards
BIDS AND PROPOSALS
SYSTEM SIZING
Survey of requirements
Selecting equipment
Sizing components
Adding accessories
Basic calculation of heating loads
ESTIMATING INSTALLATION
Installation price
Understanding proposal forms
Understanding bid forms - bid to specs and flat rate pricing
Legal implications of a bid
EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL SUPPLY ON BID
Effects of electrical power on bid
Electrical analysis - power

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Heating - Warm Air - Oil - Service

o = old, n = new
CFM and RPM are
interchangeable.

CFMn

CFMo X RPM

RPMn
0

RPMo

X CFM
0

OR =JSpn

5P;

CFMo

CF )3 BHPn
( CFM
= BHP OR
0

CFM

_ BHPn
0

BHP

Hydronics: AP =Sp,

MAT

(OAT x %0A) + (RATx %RA)

0 =Outside

T = Temperature
R =Return
M=Mixed
A=Air

BHPn

BHPo

CFMn
( CFM

)3

CFM = GPM, RPM= GPM

Btuh hydronic (H20 only) = 500 x GPM x AT

Btuh sensible (at sea level) = 1.08 x CFM x AT
Btuh latent (at sea level) = 0.68 x CFM x AGrains
Btuh total (at sea level)= 4.5 x CFM x AEnthalpy

----------------------------L-------------------------------------------
AC/Hr x Volume
CFM=------

60min

Vp = <4:05 )2

v = 4005 x .Jvp

1 IWC = 0.0360 PSI

1 PSI= 27.72 IWC

Pressure (PSI)= 0.433 x Head (feet of water)

Pressure 1 x Volume 1 = Pressure 2 x Volume 2

Length x Width

Rectangular Duct Area (ft2) =

144

Area= 1t x radius2
2

A +B

=C

Round Duct Area

(ft2) =

1t x diameter
576

Circumference
Diameter =

1t

ASP x 100
FR=
TEL
(IWqIOO)

(2650 x I)
mfd=
E
CFM = Velocity (fpm) x Duct Area (ft2)
CFM -

Cr (Series)

(Watts x 3.413)
{ATx 1.08)
1

C1

C2

-+-+

...

+-

TEMPERATURE PRESSURE

CHART-atsealevel

Pressure (PSIG), Vacuum (in. Of Hg)- Bold Italic Figures

To determine subcooling for 404A, 407C, and 4220, use BUBBLE POINT values (temperatures above 50F -gray background)
To determine superheat for 404A, 407C, and 4220, use DEW POINT values (temperatures 50F and below)

TEMP.

Of
-40
-38
-36
-34
-32
-30
-28
-26
-24
-22

-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

oc
-40.0
-38.9
-37.8
-36.7
-35.6
-34.4
-33.3
-32.2
-31.1
-30.0
-28.9
-27.8
-26.7
-25.6
-24.4
-23.3
-22.2
-21.1
-20.0
-18.9
-17.8
-17.2
-16.7
-16.1
-15.6
-15.0
-14.4
-13.9
-13.3
-12.8
-12.2
-11.7
-11.1
-10.6
-10.0
-9.4
-8.9
-8.3
-7.8
-7.2
-6.7
-6.1
-5.6
-5.0
-4.4
-3.9
-3.3
-2.8
-2.2
-1.7
-1.1
-0.6

REFRIGERANT

22
0.6
1.4
2.2
3.1
4.0
4.9
5.9
6.9
8.0
9.1
10.2
11.4
12.6
13.9
15.2
16.5
17.9
19.4
20.9
22.4
24.0
24.9
25.7
26.5
27.4
28.3
29.2
30.1
31.0
31.9
32.8
33.8
34.8
35.8
36.8
37.8
38.8
39.9
40.9
42.0
43.1
44.2
45.3
46.5
47.6
48.8
50.0
51.2
52.4
53.7
55.0
56.2

134a
14.8
13.9
13.0
12.0
10.9
9.8
8.7
7.5
6.3
5.0
3.7
2.3
0.8
0.4
1.1
1.9
2.8
3.6
4.6
5.5
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.1
9.6
10.2
10.8
11.3
11.9
12.5
13.1
13.8
14.4
15.0
15.7
16.4
17.0
17.7
18.4
19.1
19.9
20.6
21.3
22.1
22.9
23.7
24.5
25.3
26.1
26.9

404A

407C

4.3
5.3
6.3
7.4
8.5
9.6
10.8
12.0
13.3
14.6
16.0
17.4
18.9
20.4
22.0
23.6
25.3
27.0
28.8
30.7
32.6
33.6
34.6
35.6
36.6
37.7
38.7
39.8
40.9
42.0
43.1
44.3
45.4
46.6
47.8
49.0
50.2
51.5
52.7
54.0
55.3
56.6
58.0
59.3
60.7
62.1
63.5
64.9
66.4
67.8
69.3
70.8

4.6
3.2
1.6
0.0
0.8
1.6
2.5
3.5
4.4
5.4
6.5
7.6
8.7
9.9
11.1
12.3
13.7
15.0
16.4
17.9
19.4
20.2
21.0
21.8
22.6
23.5
24.3
25.2
26.1
27.0
27.9
28.8
29.8
30.7
31.7
32.7
33.7
34.7
35.7
36.8
37.9
39.0
40.1
41.2
42.3
43.5
44.7
45.9
47.1
48.3
49.6
50.8

CONTINUED

410A
10.7
12.0
13.4
14.8
16.2
17.8
19.3
21.0
22.7
24.4
26.3
28.1
30.1
32.1
34.2
36.4
38.6
40.9
43.3
45.8
48.3
49.6
51.0
52.3
53.7
55.0
56.5
57.9
59.3
60.8
62.3
63.8
65.4
66.9
68.5
70.1
71.7
73.4
75.1
76.8
78.5
80.3
82.0
83.8
85.7
87.5
89.4
91.3
93.2
95.2
97.2
99.2

4220
2.3
0.8
0.4
1.2
2.1
3.0
3.9
4.9
5.9
7.0
8.1
9.2
10.4
11.7
12.9
14.3
15.6
17.1
18.5
20.1
21.6
22.5
23.3
24.1
25.0
25.8
26.7
27.6
28.5
29.5
30.4
31.3
32.3
33.3
34.3
35.3
36.4
37.4
38.5
39.6
40.7
41.8
42.9
44.1
45.2
46.4
47.6
48.8
50.1
51.3
52.6
53.9

507

5.4
6.4
7.5
8.6
9.8
11.0
12.2
13.5
14.8
16.2
17.6
19.1
20.6
22.2
23.8
25.5
27.3
29.1
30.9
32.8
34.8
35.8
36.9
37.9
39.0
40.0
41.1
42.2
43.4
44.5
45.7
46.8
48.0
49.3
50.5
51.7
53.0
54.3
55.6
56.9
58.2
59.6
61.0
62.4
63.8
65.2
66.7
68.2
69.7
71.2
72.7
74.3

TEMPERATURE PRESSURE

CHART-atsealevel

Pressure (PSIG), Vacuum (in. Of Hg)- Bold Italic Figures

To determine subcooling for 404A, 407C, and 4220, use BUBBLE POINT values (temperatures above 50F -gray background)
To determine superheat for 404A, 407C, and 4220, use DEW POINT values (temperatures 50F and below)

TEMP.

oc

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
42
44
46
48

0.0
0.6
1.1
1.7
2.2
2.8
3.3
3.9
4.4
5.6
6.7
7.8
8.9
10.0
11.1
12.2
13.3
14.4
15.6
16.7
17.8
18.9
20.0
21.1
22.2
23.3
24.4
25.6
26.7
27.8
28.9
30.0
31.1
32.2
33.3
34.4
35.6
36.7
37.8
38.9
40.0
41.1
42.2
43.3
44.4
45.6
46.7
47.8
48.9
51.7
54.4

50

52
54
56
58

60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
116
118
120
125
130

REFRIGERANT

22
57.5
58.8
60.2
61.5
62.9
64.3
65.7
67.1
68.6
71.5
74.5
77.6
80.8
84.1
87.4
90.8
94.4
98.0
101.6
105.4
109.3
113.2
117.3
121.4
125.7
130.0
134.5
139.0
143.6
148.4
153.2
158.2
163.2
168.4
173.7
179.1
184.6
190.2
195.9
201.8
207.7
213.8
220.0
226.4
232.8
239.4
246.1
253.0
260.0
278.0
296.9

134a
27.8
28.6
29.5
30.4
31.3
32.2
33.1
34.1
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.1
43.2
45.4
47.7
50.0
52.4
54.9
57.4
60.0
62.7
65.4
68.2
71.1
74.1
77.1
80.2
83.4
86.7
90.0
93.5
97.0
100.6
104.3
108.1
112.0
115.9
120.0
124.2
128.4
132.7
137.2
141.7
146.4
151.1
156.0
160.9
166.0
171.2
184.6
198.7

404A
72.4
73.9
75.5
77.1
78.7
80.3
82.0
83.7
85.4
88.8
92.4
96.0
99.8
103.6
109.2
113.3
117.4
121.7
126.0
130.5
135.0
139.7
144.4
149.3
154.3
159.4
164.6
169.9
175.4
181.0
186.7
192.5
198.4
204.5
210.7
217.0
223.4
230.0
236.8
243.6
250.8
257.8
265.1
272.5
280.1
287.9
295.8
303.8
312.1
333.3
355.6

407C
52.1
53.4
54.8
56.1
57.5
58.9
60.3
61.7
63.2
66.1
69.2
72.3
75.5
78.8
101.7
105.6
109.6
113.7
117.9
122.3
126.7
131.2
135.8
140.5
145.4
150.3
155.4
160.5
185.8
171.2
176.8
182.4
188.2
194.1
200.1
206.3
212.5
219.0
225.5
232.2
239.0
245.9
253.0
260.3
287.6
275.1
282.8
290.6
298.6
319.2
340.7

410A
101.2
103.3
105.4
107.5
109.7
111.9
114.1
116.3
118.6
123.2
127.9
132.8
137.8
142.9
148.1
153.5
159.0
164.7
170.4
176.3
182.4
188.6
194.9
201.4
208.0
214.8
221.8
228.9
236.1
243.6
251.2
258.9
266.8
274.9
283.2
291.6
300.3
309.1
318.1
327.2
336.6
346.2
355.9
365.9
376.1
386.4
397.0
407.8
418.8
447.4
477.4

4220
55.2
56.5
57.9
59.3
60.6
62.0
63.5
64.9
66.4
69.4
72.5
75.6
78.9
82.2
96.1
99.8
103.6
107.4
111.4
115.4
119.5
123.8
128.1
132.5
137.1
141.7
146.5
151.3
156.3
161.3
166.5
171.8
177.2
182.7
188.4
194.1
200.0
206.0
212.1
218.4
224.8
231.3
237.9
244.7
251.6
258.8
265.8
273.2
280.6
299.9
320.2

507
75.8
77.4
79.0
80.7
82.3
84.0
85.7
87.5
89.2
92.8
96.4
100.2
104.0
108.0
112.0
116.1
120.4
124.7
129.1
133.7
138.3
143.1
147.9
152.9
158.0
163.2
168.5
174.0
179.5
185.2
191.0
197.0
203.0
209.2
215.5
222.0
228.6
235.3
242.2
249.2
256.3
263.7
271.1
278.7
286.5
294.4
302.4
310.7
319.1
340.8
363.6