Official

English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts
used:

Cotton

Cotton fiber/Boll

Gossypium hirsutum
Scientific
name:
Malvaceae
Family:
Synonym:
English:

Cotton wool; Surgical Cotton;

Cotton Plant; Cotton Root; Cotton
Seed; Cotton Seed Oil

Other
names:

Algodn, Algodn Americano,

Algodn Cimarrn, Algodonero,
Coton, Cotonnier, Cottonier,
Gossypium herbaceum,
Gossypium hirsutum, Graine de
Coton, Huile de Graine de Coton,
Karpasa, Mian Hua Gen, Racine de
Coton.

Vernacular:

Bulak

Char. Impt.
Marking

Soft, fluffy staple fiber

Grows in a boll, or
protective case, around
the seeds of cotton plants.
White, soft, fine, filament
like hairs appearing under
the microscope as hollow,
flattened and twisted
bands, striate and slightly
thickened at the edges,
practically odorless and
tasteless.
Cotton fibres are usually
2.5 to 4.5 cm in length
and 25 to 35 in
diameter.
A natural fibre of
vegetable origin, like
linen, jute or hemp.
Mostly composed
of cellulose (a
carbohydrate plant
substance) and formed by
twisted, ribbon-like

Constituents
:

shaped fibres.
Cotton is the fruit of a
shrubby plant commonly
referred to as the "cotton
plant".

cellulose (93-94%)

water (6-7%)

Uses:
Commercial

Medicinal

Pharmaceuti
cal

Official
English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts
used:

Textile products (fabrics,

shirts, bed sheets, etc.)
Used to
produce cottonseed oil
Used as filtering medium
Used as insulating material
Used for making
explosives
Employed as surgical
dressings
Employed as a local
application to the skin in
cases of burns and
erysipelas (to exclude
external irritation and
protect the part from cold).
Used to surround gouty or
rheumatic joints.
Placed in the ears to
prevent ore-throat.

Used in bottles of solid oral

dosage forms as fillers or
void to prevent tablets
from breaking during
shipping and handling.
(Cotton Pharmaceutical
coil is bleached and
treated to remove plant
residue and other
impurities.)

Jute

Stem/skin of the plants stem

Corchorus capsularis

Scientific
name:
Malvaceae
Family:
Synonym:
Official
English:
English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts
used:
Vernacular:
Scientific
Char. Impt.
name:
Marking
Family:
Synonym:
Constituents
English:
:
Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

Uses:
Commercial
Constituents
:
Medicinal/
Uses:
Pharmaceuti
cal
Commercial

Medicinal
Pharmaceuti
cal

SALUYOT
Golden fibre
Jute mallow
Jews mallow

Leaves (Tag.)
Pasau-na-bilag
Saluyot (Ilk.)
Jute (Eng.)
Chorchorus
White jute olitorius
(Eng.)
Lumen irregular, at times as wide
as or wider than cell wall; at ends
Malvaceae
of fiber lumen
broadens out; end
round. Longitudinal striations, no
transverse markings, no jointed
ridges. Egyptian
Jute, Jews mallow,
spinach, jute mallow, bush okra,
WestCellulose
African sorrel
Saluyot Hemicellulose
(Tag), Tugabang (Bis)
Lignin
Fats
& Wax
Leaves:
Pectin
Alternate
Proteins/ Nitrogenous matter
Simple
Ash
lanceolate
about 5-15 cm in length
- tapering
a pointed
tip
Used intomaking
Sacks,
and Carpets.
finelyRugs
serrated
margin
calcium, iron, protein, vitamin A, C
Demulcent,
Diuretic,
lactagogue,
and
E, thiamin,
riboflavin,
niacin,
purgative.
folate, and dietary fibers
Remedy
for prevent
aches and
pain,
Food
staple,
wrinkles,
dysentery,
enteritis,
fever,
treatment for digestive and
pectoral
pains.
problems(tea)
Antidiabetic, antioxidant
Official
English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts
used:

Rice

Grains, polishings, roots and

rhizomes

Oryza sativa
Scientific
name:
(Poaceae)

Family:
Synonym:
English:

Vernacular:

Char. Impt.
Marking

Constituents:

Uses:
Commercial

Grain
Cereal
Paddy
Pagai (Ilk.)
Palai (Tag.)
Palay (Tag.)
Parai (Bik.)
Pagei (Bon.)
Fruit (grain) -is enclosed in, but
not adhering to, persistent pales,
oblong, ovoid, or oblong-ovoid,
smooth, and somewhat
compressed.
-Starch, Proteins, Iron, Calcium
- rice bran contains 20 percent
oil and a higher percentage of
protein than the polished variety.
- 7 percent proteins in rice, 0.14
is a globulin, 0.04 an albumin,
and the remainder, a protein
(oryzagenin) similar to the
glutenin of wheat
Oil and furfuran: Rice oil and
furfural is obtained from crude
rice bran. Rice bran oil is used as
edible oil, in soap and fatty acids
manufacturing. Also used in
cosmetics, synthetic fibers,
detergents, and emulsifiers.
- Cellulose: Rice hulls are made
into cellulose products, like
rayon.
- Rice mill fuel by-product of
carbonaceous ash is a source of
sodium silicate, soap, pigments,
carbon.
- Fuel: Rice husks is used as
fuel.
- Paper: Rice straw can also be a
source of paper. Used in board
and paper manufacturing,
packing and building materials,
and as an insulator.
- Also used in making compost
and chemical derivatives.
- Brooms: Bundled rice straw
used in the making of brooms.
- Ashes of hulls used for

cleaning of discolored teeth.

- Beri-beri: From rice polishings,
bran is extracted and used as an
excellent source of vitamin B to
prevent and cure beri-beri.

Medicinal
Pharmaceutic
al

Rice is staple food for more the

60% of the world population.
- Rice is a staple article of
diet, and polished in preparation
for eating.
- Polished rice is deficient in
vitamin B and has been cause
of beriberi.
- From the polishings is prepared
an extract called tiki-tiki, a
wonderful source of vitamin
B, both a preventive and cure
for infantile beriberi.
- Rice bran is a healthy
additive to the making of
muffins, cakes, cookies,
providing both fiber and nutritive
value.
- Rice wine, tapoi, is prepared
from rice.

Official
English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts
used:
Scientific
name:

Tamarind

Fruits, leaves, barks and flowers

Tamarindus indica
Fabaceae

Family:
Synonym:
English:

Vernacular:
Char. Impt.

Indian date
kilytree

Sampalok

Marking

Bark: dark grey, rough, fissured

Leaves: Pinnate, fine and
feathery
Flowers: small racemes, yellow
with orange streaks
Fruit: flattish, bean-like
irregularly curved pod

Constituent
s:

Tannin, fat, carbohydatres, citric

acid, acetic acid, butyric acid,
oxalic acid, pectin, albuminoids

Uses:
Commercial

Medicinal
Pharmaceut
ical

Seasoning, sweets,
dyeing/mordant, illuminant and
varnish, furniture, inks

Fruit: antibacterial,
hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic,
anti-diabetic
Seed coat: antioxidant
General: analgesic,
anthelmintic, anti-meliodosis

Official
English
Name/
Non-official
Name

Official English Name:

CHONDRUS CRISPUS
Non-Official Names:
Irish Moss
Fucus
Norvegicus
Caragreen
Halymenia Platynus
Carrageen Moss
Iridaea
Heterocarpa
Chondrus Crispus Whole Iridophycus
Heterocarpum
Chondrus Norvegicus
Mazzaella
Heterocarpa
Chondrus Platynus
Polymorpha
Crispa

Origin:
Parts
used:

Entire plant (dried)

Chondrus crispus

Scientific
name:

GIGARTINACEAE

Family:
Synonym:
English:

English Synonyms:
IRISH MOSS
CARRAGEEN
MOSS
CHONDRUS

GULAMAN
Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

Constituent
s:

Uses:
Commercial

It is a protest which is soft and

cartilaginous. The colors which
varies from greenish-yellow,
through red, to a dark purple
or purplish-brown. It also grows
from a discoid holdfast and
branches four or five times in a
dichotomous, fan-like manner.
The principal constituent is a
mucilaginous body, made of
the POLYSACCHARIDE
CARRAGEENAN which comprises
about 55% by weight. The
organism also consists of
nearly 10% protein and
about 15% mineral matter, and is
rich in iodine and sulfur.
- Desserts, ice cream,
cream, milkshakes, salad
dressings, sweetened
condensed milks, and
sauces
- gel to increase viscosity
- Beer: clarifier to remove
haze-causing proteins
- Toothpaste: stabilizer to
prevent constituents
separating
- Fruit Gushers: ingredient in
the encapsulated gel
- Firefighting foam:
thickener to cause foam to
become sticky
- Shampoo and cosmetic
creams: thickener
- Air freshener gels
- Marbling: the ancient art of
paper and fabric marbling
uses a carrageenan
mixture on which to float
paints or inks; the paper or
fabric is then laid on it,
absorbing the colours
- Pharmaceuticals: used as
an inactive excipient in
pills/tablets
- Soy milk and other plant
milks: used to thicken, in
an attempt to emulate the
consistency of whole milk
- Diet sodas: to enhance
texture and suspend
flavours

Medicinal
Pharmaceut
ical

Official
English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts
used:

Scientific
name:

used to treat bronchitis,

goiter, thyroid problems.
tone and strengthen the
body's glands.
used as a laxative and a
home remedy for sore
throats and chapped skin.
mild anticoagulant effect
on the blood.
treats chronic lung
diseases, dysentery,
diarrhea and disorders of
kidney and bladder.
also reduce high blood
pressure.
The large quantity of
mucilage also makes it a
valuable remedy for the
treatment of digestive
conditions where a
demulcent is required,
such as gastritis and in
various forms, it is said to
relieve peptic and
duodenal ulcers in without
having any adverse effects
on the colon.
reduce gastric secretions
and has been used in
absorbent surgical
dressings.
THICKENER and
STABILIZER,
DEMULCENT,
EMOLLIENT, NUTRITIVE,
COLDS, BRONCHITIS,
COUGH
Carageenan
hydrocolloids,
Galactans

Althea Root

Roots

Althaea officinalis

Malvaceae
Family:
Synonym:
English:

Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

Common marshmallow
Marshmallow
Marshmellow
Mallow
Mortification Root
Sweet Weed
Wymote
Hock Herb
Marshmallow root
Mallards
White Mallow Root
Althea
March Mallow

Halaman ng masmelow
HalamangMarsmalo

small scars in the roots

parallel to each other and
projections of roots.
brown corky layer and small
roots
Pectins
Starch
Mono-, and di-saccharide,
Saccharose
Mucilage
Flavonoids (Hypolaetin-8glucoside, isoquercitrin,
kaempferol, caffeic,
pcoumaric acid)
Coumarins
Scopoletin
Phytosterols
Tannins
Asparagine
altheahexacosanyl lactone,
2-hydroxycalamene
(altheacalamene) and
altheacoumaringlucoside,
along with the known
phytoconstituentslauric
acid, -sitosterol and
lanosterol

Constituen
ts:

Uses:
Commercia
l

Medicinal
Pharmaceu
tical

Antitussive
Antibacterial
Treatment for the irritation
of mucous membranes
Diuretic
Anti-inflammatory
Astringent
expectorant, soothes and softens
tissues while controlling bacterial
infections, confection, forms
protective layer of mucilage on the
mucous linings of the body, treat
inflammation and ulceration of
digestive system, used also
externally for localized
inflammation, aphrodisiac, antacid
a. Medicinal: treatment of sore
throats, bronchitis, and for dry
hacking coughs,
b. Pharmaceutical:, expectorant,
laxative

Official
English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts used:
Scientific
name:

FALSE IRISH MOSS

Entire plant
Mastocarpus stellatus
Gigartina mamillosa
Petrocelis cruenta
Gigartina stellata

Family:
GIGARTINACEAE
Synonym:
English:

English Synonyms:
False Irish Moss
False Carragheen Moss
Carragheen Moss

Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

--

Constituents
:

Marine plant
Cartilaginous, purplish
brown fronds, often in
dense tufts. Narrow
compressed stipe
expands into strap-like
blade, usually inrolled
(above) to form a
channel, with thickened
margins.
Carrageenan, mucilage,
iodine, bromine, iron, and
vitamins A and B

Uses:
Commercial

Medicinal
Pharmaceuti
cal

May be collected with

Chondrus crispus as a
source of carrageen,
which is used to make
soups and jellies
Soothe mucus
membranes and skin, bulk
laxative, thickening agent
A remedy for respiratory
disorders

Official
English Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts
used:

Cherry

Fruit

Prunus cerasus
Scientific
name:
Rosaceae
Family:
Synonym:
English:

Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

Constituents:

Cherry tree
Sweet cherry

Rises up to 20m
Reddish brown trunk with its
bark breaking into horizontal
stripes
Fruits in drupe, red
Acids: citric acid, Mallic
Acid and Caffeic Acid
Cyanhydric acid
Essential oil, rich in
amygdalin and Emulsin
Tannins
Flavanoids
Genistein

Uses:
Commercial
Medicinal
Pharmaceutic
al

Antioxidant
Diuretic
Anti Rheumatic
Cardiotonic

Official English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts used:
Scientific
name:
Family:
Synonym:
English:

Agar

Entire plant

Gelidium amansii,
G.corneum, Gracilaria
Gracilariaceae

Agar-Agar, Agar Weed,

Japanese/Chinese Isinglass,
Red Algae, Ceylon Moss

Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

Constituents:

Gulaman
This perennial seaweed grows
up to three feet long,
comprising of reddish-brown,
translucent, multibranched
ribbons and fronds, called
thalli (singular thallus), that
sprout from a permanent
base every year. The thallus
is cylindrical to flattened,
subdivided, and tough
Agarose
Agaropectin

Uses:
Commercial
Cut up gulaman may be used
in halo-halo, fruit salads, or
sago (tapioca) drinks
Medicinal
Pharmaceutical

Microbiology- Culture Media

Pharmacy- Laxative, gelling
agent, thickening agent,
stabilizer, bulking agent
Other uses: thickening agent,
clarifying agent, vegetarian
gelatin substitute

Official English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts used:
Scientific
name:
Family:
Synonym:
English:
Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking
Constituents:
Uses:
Commercial
Medicinal
Pharmaceutical

Official English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts
used:
Scientific
name:
Family:
Synonym:
English:

Elm Bark

Quebec to North Dakota

Dried inner bark
Ulmus campestris
Urticaceae
Red Elm

Has numerous partially

detached bast fibers, coarsely
striated longitudinally
tannin (chief), starch,
mucilage
Used in hair conditioners, skin
creams and lotions
tonic, demulcent, astringent,
diuretic

Tragacanth

branches and tap roots

Astragalus gummifer
Fabaceae
Goats thorn
Gum dragon, Syrian
tragacanth
Gum, Gum Tragacanth

Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

Constituents:
Uses:

Sap-dry,low perennial
shrubs,Leaves-has
strong,persistent,spiny
petiole
Tragacanthic
acid,Arabinogalactan,Bassorin
Toothpaste, hand lotions,
denture adhesives

Commercial
Medicinal
Pharmaceutical

To moderate blood sugar level

Suspending/ Emulsifying
agent, adhesive, demulcent,
stabilizer

Official English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts
used:

Triticum

seeds, stems

Agropyron repens
Scientific name:
Family:
Synonym:

Poaceae
Couch grass, Witch grass,
Dog grass, Bermuda Grass

English:

Trigo
Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

Rhizome is hollow except at

the nodes, strongly furrowed
longitudinally. Where the
nodes occur, traces of
rootlets may be found on the
under surfaces and the
fibrous remains of sheathing
leaf-bases on the upper
surfaces.
Triticin, Dextrose, Levulose

Constituents:
Uses:

Food product
Commercial
antipyretic, sedative, sore
throat, and antihydrotic

Medicinal
Pharmaceutical
Official English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts used:

Apple

Fruit

Scientific name:

Family:
Synonym:
English:
Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

-Pyrus malus
-Malus domestica
-Malus communis
Rosaceae

- Wild Apple
- Mansanas
- rounded shape with a
depression at the top where
the stem is attached.
- some are round, while
others are more rounded at
the top and narrower at the
bottom.
- some have knobby lobes at

Constituents:

Uses:
Commercial

the calyx end (bottom) of the

fruit. - firm and the skin is
shiny and smooth.
- SKIN: red, green, yellow, or
a combination of those colors.
- FLESH: white or ivory.
Chemical constituents:
Alpha-Linolenic-Acid,
Asparagine, D-Categin,
Isoqurctrin, Hyperoside,
Ferulic-Acid, Farnesene,
Neoxathin, PhosphatidylCholine, Reynoutrin, SinapicAcid, Caffeic-Acid,
Chlorogenic-Acid, P-HydroxyBenzoic-Acid, P-CoumaricAcid, Avicularin, Lutein,
Quercitin, Rutin, Ursolic-Acid,
Protocatechuic-Acid, and
Silver.
Nutrition Constituents:
Vitamin A, B1, B2, and B6,
Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Folic
acid, Vitamin C and Vitamin E,
Calcium, Copper, Iron,
Magnesium, Manganese,
Phosphorus, Pottassium,
Selenium, Sodium, and Zinc.
Other phytochemicals
include; Tryptophan,
Threonine, Isoleucine,
Leucine, Lycine, Methionine,
Cystine, Phenylalanine,
Tyrosine, Valine, Argenine,
Histidine, Alanine, Aspartic
Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine,
Proline, and Serine.
-Apples can be canned or
juiced.
- The juice can be fermented
to produce cider.

Medicinal
- control diarrhea or
Pharmaceutical
constipation;
- for the softening, passage,
and collection of gallstones.
- Hair loss
- Hay fever (allergic rhinitis
- Antioxidant
- Prevent dementia
- Reduce risk of stroke
- prevent cancer, especially
lung cancer.

- treating cancer, diabetes,

dysentery, fever, heart
problems, warts, and a
vitamin C-deficiency
condition called scurvy.
- for cleaning their teeth.

Official English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts used:

MANNA

Dried exudate from stem

Scientific
name:
Family:
Synonym:
English:

Fraxinus ornus

Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

Tubang-americano
Exudate -dark brown to black
concrete mass; irregular
shape usually flattened
Bark - dark gray and smooth
Leaves - opposite pairs,
pinnate, with 5-9 leaflets
Flowers - small, with
yellowish white corollas
Fruit - flat, linear-lanceolate
samara with single brown
seed
Manna sugar (mannite)
Fraxin
Mannose, mannitol, glucose,
saponin
Bark tool handles,
components of cart wheels
It is a source of fodder for
cattle, sheep and goats
Osmotic diuretic, diabetic
food, bacteriological culture
media, diagnostic aid,
laxative, nutritive, tonic,
purgative

Constituents:

Uses:
Commercial

Medicinal
Pharmaceutical

Oleaceae
Manna ash,
Flowering ash,
Flake manna

Official English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts
used:

Tears of Acacia

Scientific
name:

Samanae saman

Entire plant

Mimosaceae
Family:
Synonym:

Cow tamarind, Rain tree,

False powder puff

English:
Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

Constituents:

Akasya
Acacia
Bark - rough and furrowed.
Leaves - bipinnate & hairy
underneath. Flowers - pink.
Fruits - pods, straight, fleshy
indehiscent with pulpy sweet
mesocarp
Alkaloids - abundant in the
bark, stems, leaves & seeds.
Leaves & stem - saponin &
tannin. Bark - no tannin.
Trunk - gum

Uses:
Commercial

Medicinal
Pharmaceutica
l
Official English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts used:
Scientific
name:
Family:
Synonym:
English:
Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

Mesocarp is sometime eaten

by children. Latex used as
gum arabic for gluing.

Antipyretic, Stomachic,
Astringent, Laxative,
Sedative, Anti-microbial

Fig

Botanical Fruit
Ficus carica
Moraceae
Common fig, fig, edible fig
Igos, higo
Small circular hilum below the
apex

Constituents:

Uses:
Commercial
and
Pharmaceutica
l

Proteins, minerals,
carbohydrates, carotene,
nicotinic acid, riboflavin,
ascorbic acid
Suppresant, diuretic, blood
purifier, aphrosidiac agent

Official English
Name/
Non-official
Name
Origin:
Parts
used:

Common Mallow
Roundleaf Mallow

Scientific
name:

Malva neglecta

Leaves, root, stem

Malvaceae
Family:
Synonym:
English:

Buttonweed
Cheeseplant
Cheeseweed
Dwarf Mallow
Wala kami mahanap

Vernacular:
Char. Impt.
Marking

LEAVES:
slippery-sticky quality
(similar to okra) when
crushed
round to kidney-shaped
long leafstalks (3 to 5
times as long as leaves)

deeply indented at the

base
5 to 9 shallow lobes
short hairs on top, bottom
and on leafstalk
ROOT:
short, straight
taproot
slippery-sticky quality
(similar to okra) when
crushed
STEMS:
branching vine
nearly erect or lying close
to the ground with tips
turned up
many white hairs

Constituents:

tends to form a mat of stems

and leaves across the ground
that can extend several feet
Ca, P, Fe, K, Fiber, Vit. A,
thiamine, ascorbic acid,
riboflavin

Uses:
Commercial
Medicinal

Pharmaceutica
l

Decoration, Food, Natural

yellow dye
Anti-inflammatory
Antiphlogistic
Astringent
Diuretic
Laxative
Purgative Expectorant
Demulcent
Emollient
Excipient

SUCROSE
Official English Name/
Non-official Name
Origin:
Parts used:
Scientific name:
Family:
Synonym:
English:

Vernacular:
Char. Impt. Marking

Constituents:
Uses:
Commercial

Cane sugar

Refined sugar

Stem of sugar cane

Roots of sugarbeets

Sugar maple

(Saccharum
officinarum)
Poaceae
Table sugar;Amerfond;
Beet sugar; Cane sugar;
Confectioner's sugar; DSucrose; Granulated
sugar; Microse; Rock
candy; Saccharose
Asukal, Tubo
Fine, colorless, odorless
crystalline powder with
a pleasing, sweet taste.
Glucose

(Beta vulgaris)

(Acer saccharum)

Chenopodiaceae

Aceraceae

Sugar as a source of
energy. Sugar is an
important source of food
energy. During
digestion, all food
carbohydrates (starches
and sugars) break down
into single molecule.

Fructose
Industrial uses of sugars
Sugars are also used in
the production of
surfactants, fabrics,
cement.

Function of sugar in
foods Sugars have a
number of functions in
the preparation of
foods, such as
improving taste and
texture. Important uses
of sugars in food
include: Providing
sweetness Serving as
preservatives in jams
and jellies. Also

increases the boiling

point

Medicinal
Pharmaceutical

Medical uses of sugar

can be used to make
oral rehydration solution
(ORS), which can help
prevent dehydration in
children who have
infantile diarrhea or
vomiting.