COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING

DRAWING

Chapter 3
Orthographic Drawing

Review of the Last Week

Projection Theory
Perspective projection (Lines of sight intersect at a point)
Parallel projection (Lines of sight are parallel to each
other)

Review of the Last Week

Parallel projection
Orthographic projection (Plane of projection is
perpendicular to lines of sight)

Review of the Last Week

Orthographic projection
Flat plan view approach (Object seen is oriented such that
at least one of the flat surfaces of the object is parallel to
the plane of projection.)

Review of the Last Week

Orthographic projection
Multiview drawing (Orthographic drawing of an object
using the flat plan view approach on surfaces of a cube
enclosing the object, which are the principle views.)

Review of the Last Week

Some features are distorted in orthographic projection.
Distortion of circular features:

Review of the Last Week

Some features are distorted in orthographic projection.
Distortion of angular surfaces (foreshortening):

Review of the Last Week

Rules of thumb in creating orthographic multiview
drawings:
Front, top, and right side views should be aligned vertically
and horizontally.
Invisible features should be represented using hidden
lines.
Centers and the axes of the cylindrical objects should be
respresented using centermarks and centerlines.
Intersection of two surfaces (either round or flat) defines
an edge and should be drawn on at least one principle
view.
Any feature on the object of interest should be represented
by either full or hidden lines on all views.
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Orthographic Drawing
Illustrative Examples

Orthographic Drawing
Illustrative Examples

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Orthographic Drawing
Illustrative Examples

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Orthographic Drawing
Visualization of Multiview Drawings
There are some techniques to visualize the geometry of
an object.
1. Creating a real model starting from a bulk prismatic
block.

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Orthographic Drawing
Visualization of Multiview Drawings
There are some techniques to visualize the geometry of
an object.
2. Analysis of the solids: All of the objects can be described
by combining basic 3D geometries.

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Orthographic Drawing
Visualization of Multiview Drawings
There are some techniques to visualize the geometry of
an object.
3. Numbering surfaces: Numbering the surfaces on a
pictorial drawing will help in checking the accuracy of
multiview drawings.

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Orthographic Drawing
Visualization of Multiview Drawings
There are some techniques to visualize the geometry of
an object.
4. Numbering corners: Numbering the corners on a pictorial
drawing will help in checking the accuracy of multiview
drawings.

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Orthographic Drawing
Visualization of Multiview Drawings
Visualize
the object
by labeling
the corners
and
surfaces.

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Orthographic Drawing
Visualization of Multiview Drawings
Visualize
the object
by
analysing
the solids.

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Orthographic Drawing
Visualization of Multiview Drawings
Visualize
the object
by virtually
creating
the model.

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Chapter 3
Exercise3_5.dwg

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Chapter 3
Exercise3_6.dwg

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Chapter 3
Exercise3_7.dwg

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Chapter 3
Exercise3_8.dwg

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Chapter 3
Exercise3_9.dwg

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