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SD2
CMOS Photo-Electric
Smoke Detector Integrated Circuit
Ordering Information
General Description
Device
Package
Order No.
SD2
16-Pin Plastic
SD2P
SD2
SOW-20
SD2WG
This low power CMOS circuit is intended for use in a pulsed LED/
silicon cell smoke detector system. It is designed for use in low
power, battery operated, consumer applications with a minimum
of external components. This device meets UL217 requirements
and is available in a 16-pin plastic DIP or a 20 pin SOIC package.
Features
1mV sensitivity
Pin Configuration
PHOTODIODE
16
CMEMORY
15
LATCH/RESET
14
13
12
11
HORN 1
10
HORN 2
I/O
SENSE ADJ
RTIMING
VSS
LED PRE-DRIVER
LED SUPERVISOR
HORN MODULE
VDD
OP MONITOR
FEEDBACK
top view
-0.5V to +15.0V
10mA
-40C to +100C
0C to +55C
300mW
25mA
300C
Relative Humidity
90%
NC
20
VDD
PHOTODIODE
19
NC
NC
18
LED PRE-DRIVER
CMEMORY
17
LED SUPERVISOR
LATCH/RESET
16
I/O
15
OP MONITOR
SENSE ADJ.
14
FEEDBACK
HORN MODULE
13
NC
RTIMING
12
HORN 1
VSS
10
11
HORN 2
top view
SOW - 20
15-30
SD2
Electrical Characteristics
(RTIMING) = 22 Meg then fOSC = 485 Hz; TA = 25 C; VDD = 9V, unless otherwise specified)
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Units
0.01
1.0
nA
Conditions
IIN
PD
0.5
0.8
1.1
mV
VBTH
7.3
7.7
8.2
TBL
Hz
62.5
Low Battery/LED
Supervisor Trouble
Alarm Pulse Width
Cmem = .05F
Cinput = 5pF
LED = 100 sec
@ fOSC = 485 Hz
RTIMING = 22 M
17
mSec
35
sec
@ fOSC = 485 Hz
RTIMING = 22 M
mA
VO = IV Sink
VO = 8V Source
TBL
Low Battery/LED
Supervisor Alarm Period
IOUT
VIN
IOM
Operation Monitor
Output Current, Source
-2.5
-4.5
mA
VOM = 2.0V
I I/O
-4.0
-10.0
mA
V I/O
VIH - ON
VDD - 0.8
VDD - 0.2
VI - OFF
VDD - 2.5
VDD - 0.8
VIL - ON
VDD - 4.0
VDD - 2.5
ILED
LED
25
VSS - 15
VDD + 15
0.6 VDD
-10
-20
mA
VLED = 5V
1.0
sec
fOSC = 485 Hz
LED
8.0
sec
fOSC = 485 Hz
RTIMING = 22 M
VDD
Supply Voltage
IDD
7.0
9.0
10.0
6.0
10.0
RTIMING = 22 M
VDD = 9.0, Non-Alarm Mode
15
15-31
SD2
Pin Definition
Name
Function
Photodiode Input
Connect the cathode of a VTS-4085S, or equivalent to the photodiode input. Connect the
anode to VDD. The typical allowed signal range is from VDD to VDD - 1.0V.
The capacitor may range from 0.01F to 0.05F and should have low leakage. The detector
sensitivity increases with increasing capacitance.
Latch/Reset Input
When connected to VDD, the detector will latch on at the first detection of smoke. When
connected to VSS, the alarm will not latch on detection of smoke and the low battery condition
will not override the smoke alarm condition. Reset after latching is accomplished by momen
tarily connecting this pin to VSS until the horn silences. The Latch/Reset Input only affects the
local smoke alarm response.
The nominal threshold of the battery alarm is 7.7 volts. The alarm point can be raised by
connecting an adjustment resistor to ground, and lowered by connecting a resistor to VDD .
A resistor or potentiometer to ground is used to adjust the duration of the LED pulse and
thereby the Smoke Sensitivity. Pulse duration is proportional to the resistor value and varies
approximately 100sec per megohm.
When connected to VDD, the Horn will pulse ON and OFF at approximately 8 Hz, with the ON
time exceeding the OFF time. When connected to VSS, the Smoke alarm will sound the Horn
continuously. This control only affects the Smoke alarm condition.
Timing Resistor
A nominal resistor value of 22 megohms to VSS sets the oscillator frequency to 485 Hz. Thus:
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Low Battery or LED SUPERVISOR trouble pulse to the Horn will occur every 35
seconds, with 17ms duration.
e)
f)
The Horn will be silenced just before each IR LED pulse for 4.2 ms, to reduce electromagnetic interference.
VSS
Horn Output 2
Horn Output 1
This pin is connected to the large silver electrode of the piezoelectric horn.
Horn Feedback
This pin is connected to the small silver electrode of the piezoelectric horn.
Operation Monitor
This output is a current source of 4mA for driving a visible LED. The LED will flash for 17ms
every 35 seconds under normal conditions. The LED will be ON continuously when smoke is
first detected. This occurs before the alarm sounds and indicates that the detector is in speedup mode (1.0 second LED pulse period). This output indicates which unit is alarming in multiple
station applications. When this output is used for both local LED indication and remote logic,
a resistor must be placed in series with the LED.
This Input/Output may be connected via twisted pairs to at least 20 other units. The output
goes high after at least two consecutive smoke detections have been made. The output
structure allows units of different operating voltages to be connected together with no
impairment of performance or excessive loading of the higher voltage units. There is an active
pull-down on the output. Because of the high current-sourcing capability of the output, this pin
should never be connected to VSS via a low impedance path. An Input level of greater than
0.6VDD volts is required to ensure a local alarm.
LED Supervisor
This pin must be connected to the LED circuit as shown. Failures detected are open or shorted
conditions in the LED and Driver circuit. A failure is indicated by a local pulsed trouble alarm.
To defeat this feature, this pin must be tied to a voltage about 1.5-volts below VDD, or to
CMEMORY in most applications.
This terminal can source about 13mA. The output voltage is zener clamped at approximately
6.7V and the current becomes limited. The LED current set resistor may be put in the collector
circuit, below the LED, but the LED current and therefore the Sensitivity of the smoke detector
will vary with supply voltage.
15-32
SD2
Function
VDD
This pin is connected to the positive battery terminal. VDD should be solidly connected to the
VDD side of both the photodiode and the memory capacitor. A VDD guard-ring type foil path
around the photodiode pin and the CMEMORY pin will enhance noise immunity of the detection
circuit. This circuit will operate from 7 to 10 volts, although average standby current will
increase with supply voltage. Protect the integrated circuit from polarity reversal.
When the smoke detector circuit is used to drive either a transistorized mechanical or electromechanical horn, the feedback pin must be connected to VDD. When an alarm condition is not
present, Horn 1 pin will be at VDD and Horn 2 pin will be at VSS. When an alarm condition is
present, Horn 1 will switch from VDD to V SS and Horn 2 will switch from VSS to V DD. Both horn
outputs are capable of sinking or sourcing more than 100mA at a 9-volt supply voltage. The
steady state on current is limited to 25mA. Horn 2 must not remain at VDD when chip is reset.
The control tab of the horn is connected to Horn 2 and Horn 1 is left open.
Electro-Mechanical Horn
Horn 2 is connected through a resistor to the base of an NPN horn driver transistor. Horn 1
is left open.
Timing Waveforms
Single Smoke
Detection
Two Consecutive
Smoke Detections
Missing
Smoke Detection
35s
Smoke
Condition
8s
8s
Single Smoke
Detection Latch Mode
No
Smoke
8s
8s
8s
8s
LED
Pre-Driver
17ms
0.5s
1.5s
1.0s
3.5s
17ms
OP/MON
1.5s 2.0s
Remote Input
I/O
Horn 1
Horn 2
15
Latching
Latch Mode
Low Battery
Condition
15-33
Reset
SD2
Truth Table
Input Conditions
Output Conditions
Alarm Status
Smoke
Low
Batt
LED
Sup'r
Latch
Batt
Modl
Fdbk
I/O
H2
H1
OP/MO
I/O
LED
Standby
Remote
Smoke
Local
Smoke
Local
Smoke
Latched
Low Batt
LED Sup'r
Batt Disable
Horn Disable
F
F
F
T (A)
T (A)
T (B)
T (B)
T (B)
F
F
F
X
F
X
X
X
X
F
F
T
T
X
T
X
F
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
T
F
X
X
X
X
L
L
H
H
H
X
X
X
X
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
H
N
X
L
H
L
H
L
H
X
X
X
X
X
H4
H4
H4
H4
H4
H4
H4
H4
H4
H4
H4
L
N
H
H
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
L
H5
H5.6
H5
H5.6
H5
H5.6
L1
L1
L1
L
L
H
L5
L5.6
L5
L5.6
L5
L5.6
H1
H1
H1
H
H
P1
P1
P1
H
H
H
H
H
P1
P1
P1
X
L
N
N
H
H
H
H
H
L
L
L
X
P2
P2
P2
P3
P3
P3
P3
P3
P2
P2
P2
X
Key:
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pulsed to opposite state ONCE every fourth PULSE on the LED pre-driver pin.
Normal Sample Rate, Typical 8 seconds.
8 Times Normal Sample Rate, Typical 1.0 second.
When used with a piezo horn, this signal is oscillating,but considered HIGH.
When used with a piezo horn, this signal is oscillating.
Signal will be in non-alarm state 37.5% of time.
Block Diagram
Horn
Modulation
VDD
Latch/Reset
VDD
Smoke Ref
+
A2
+
A1
Photodiode
Memory
Capacitor
Speed-up
In Logic &
Shift Reg.
I/O
Amp
Zero
Low
Battery
Adjust
REF1
REF2
Operation
Monitor
+
A3
Battery
Ref
+
A4
LED
Supervisor
REF3
Sensitivity
Adjust
Timing
Resistor
VSS
Alarm
Logic
Horn
Driver
Feedback
Horn 1
Horn 2
+
A5
Timing
Trigger
One-Shot
OSC
LED
Pre-Driver
Out
Speed-up
Timing &
Control
VSS
15-34
Amp
Zero
SD2
Operation
unit will sound a continuous alarm when smoke is detected even
during low battery conditions. When the alarm mode control is set
for latching operation, the low battery trouble alarm will override the
smoke alarm, in accordance with UL217 specifications.
1K
IR
9V
LED
Note 2
0.05F
Low
Battery
Disable
Alarm
16
15
2N3704
14
50
13
SD2P
2M
12
11
10
Optional
LED Indicator
30K
22M
Piezoelectric Horn
Notes:
1. IR Diode
2. IR Photo detectors
15-35
15
SD2
TLED vs VDD
TPD vs VDD
100
1000
R (pin 7) = 5M
R (pin 7) = 40M
10
20M
10M
2M
1M
100
500K
10
6
10
12
14
VDD (volts)
IR LED vs. TLED vs Oscillator
Oscillator (Pin 7) (Hz)
410
10.0
10
1.0
1
1.0
100.0
10.0
0.02
12
T
IAVG (LED) = [(IOH(15)) + ILED] PD
TLED
11
10
9
Resistor to VSS
Typical
Resistor to VDD
7
6
10K
100K
0.1
0.2
Memory Capacitor
(F)
12
Sensitivity (Pin 1)
(mV)
4100
10.0
10
VDD (volts)
1M
Resistor (Pin 4)
(ohms)
15-36
14