Q1)

Fault Calculations

A substation has three step-down 33/11kV transformers in parallel, with the 11kV
transformer incomers feeding an 11kV busbar. Transformer 1 is rated at 15MVA and has
6% impedance, transformer 2 is rated 10MVA and has 8% impedance and transformer 3 is
12MVA with impedance 8% .
Calculate the prospective short circuit current at the 11kV bus using the Per Unit system.
Ignore incomer cable resistance and reactance.

a) Draw an appropriate schematic diagram for the substation, annotated with ratings
and values.

b) Calculate the prospective short circuit current at the 11kV bus using the Per Unit
system. Ignore incomer cable resistance and reactance.
Q2)

Distribution and Power Supply

a) Power is supplied by a three phase plus neutral supply, cable length 50m, by a
400V 50Hz feeder, 4 core, Cu PVC/PVC cable with a standard 75C rating.
Power in each phase is as follows: Red phase 4.3kW at 0.8PF lagging, Yellow
phase 1.3kW at PF 0.45 lagging and the Blue phase 7.6kW at 0.79 PF lagging.
Use voltage references as follows:
V R-N = 230

V Y-N = 230

-120 V

V B-N = 230

-240 V

1.

Calculate total feeder load in kW.

2.

Calculate total feeder load in kVA

b) Calculate load current of each load element showing current in Amps at a given
phase angle, in polar notation.

c) Calculate neutral current magnitude and phase angle in polar notation.

Q3) A 400V three phase water heating system has two 230V, 2kW resistive heating
elements in parallel on each phase. The system is connected by a 4 core PVC round TPS
cable. One element on C phase fails to open circuit in service resulting in an unbalanced
three phase load. When tracing the fault the site electrician uses his clip ampmeter and
measures current flow in each phase and the neutral.
4 marks
IA

IN

Elements 2 x
2kW, 230V per
phase

IC
IB

a)

Calculate approximately what current should he measure flowing in the neutral

(IN).

b)

What neutral current would you expect to measure after an identical spare element
is fitted and the water heater restored to service?

Q4)

A factory supply 500kVA, 11kV to 400V distribution transformer has 4% impedance.

The 0.5km length mains cable between the transformer and factory main switch
board is a 95mm2 multicore aluminium conductor cable buried in the ground, having
AC resistance of 0.373 ohms/km and AC reactance of 0.0725 ohms/km. The factory
load is 150kVA at 0.86 p.f lagging. The conductor fault current ratings are to be
based on an initial temperature of 90 degrees centigrade and a final temperature of
250 degrees centigrade. The transformer is fed from a utility system having a fault
level of 300MVA. Determine, using the per unit system, where required:

a)

The symmetrical three phase prospective fault level in MVA and the prospective
short circuit fault current in kA at the factory main switchboard.

Q5) A 200kVA 11kV/415V 3 phase transformer feeds distribution board A by a length of

16mm2 Cu PVC/PVC 600/1000V 3 core cable per following drawing. Under normal
conditions the cable is operating at 40C and AS3008 permits a maximum permissible
short circuit temperature of 160C for this cable type.

Calculate the maximum current flow, for a symmetrical bolted fault at A;

a)

2 marks

11kV

CB1
Cable

200kVA
Dyn11
11kV/415V
4.5% Impedance
Distribution
Board A