FLEXURAL STRENGHT OF CONCRETE

COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT OF
CYLINDRICAL SPECIMEN
I.

II.

III.

(Using Simple Beam with Third Point Loading)

APPARATUS:
1. Compression Testing Machine
(Capacity 250,000 lbs)
2. Capping Fixtures
3. Melting Pot

APPARATUS:
Flexural Tester (Capacity
30,000lbs)
II. PROCEDURE:
1. Measures the average depth of
the test specimen.
2. Adjust the test span of the tester
such that is it three (3) times the
average depth of the test
specimen.
3. Place the specimen on the
support blocks of the tester.
4. Apply the load rapidly up to
approximately 50 % of the
expected load continuously at
the rate between 125 and
175psi.

MATERIALS:
1. Capping Compound (Melted
Leadite or Sulfur)
PROCEDURES:
1. After removal from curing room,
cap the specimen as soon as
practicable with the melted
capping compound to distribute
the applied load uniformly during
the test.
2. Determine the diameter of the
test specimen to the
measurement 0.01 in.(0.25 mm)
measured at the right angles to
each other at about mid-height
of the specimen. The average
diameter will be used to
calculate the cross sectional
area of the specimen.
3. Place the specimen at the table
of the compression tester
directly under the upper bearing
block.
4. Apply the load continuously and
without shock at a rate of travel
of 20 to 50 psi/sec. Until the
specimen falls.
5. Record the maximum load
carried by the specimen during
the test.

IV.

I.

CALCULATION:

III.

CALCUALTIONS:
1. If the fractures occurs in the
tension surface within the middle
third of the span length,
calculate the modulus of rupture
as follows:
2

R = PL / b d
Where:
R =Modulus of Rupture, psi
P =Maximum Applied Load, lbf
L =Span Length, in
b =Ave. width of specimen, in
d =Ave. depth of specimen, in
2. If the fractures occurs in the
tension surface outside the
middle third of the span length,
calculate the modulus of rupture
as follows:
2

Compressive Strength =
= Maximum Load
Cross-sectional Area - sq.in.

=P
A

Note: Neither end of the compressive test specimen s when

establish shall depart from perpendicularity to the axis be more
than 0.5 (Approximately equivalent to 1/8 in 12)

R = 3Pa / bd
Where:
a = distance between the
line of fracture and the nearest
support on the tension surface of the
beam, in.

a = L / 3 5%L
3. If the fracture occurs in the
tension surface outside of the
middle third of the span length
by more than 5% of the span
length, discard the result of the
test.

EVALUATION OF CONCRETE STRENGTH

In evaluating the strength of concrete, it

is essential that following principal factors or
variable which are known to influence it are given
due consideration:
1.Characteistics and Proportion of Ingredients
The strength of concrete is influenced by
the quality of its ingredients cement and
aggregates. Gradation, particle shape and
surface texture of aggregates are characteristics
which are particularly important. However, even
the last quality of ingredients will not produce
strong concrete if the ingredients are not
proportioned in accordance with the accepted
methods of designing concrete mixture.
2. Maximum Size of Aggregate
The maximum size of aggregate has a
significant effect on the compressive strength for
a given cement content. If the cement content is
constant, the compressive strength is increased
as the maximum size of the aggregate is
increased. Stated differently, it means that less
cement will be needed to maintain the same
strength if the maximum size of aggregate is
increased.
3. Water Cement Ratio
The influence of water cement ratio
on strength stated by duff Abrams in 1918
marked the most useful advancement in the
history of concrete. Other factors equal, the lower
the water cement ratio the higher is the strength
of concrete. If water is added to the mixture after
it has been discharge from the mixer, the strength
is decreased if no additional cement is added.
4. Curing

The strength of concrete will

continue to develop for a number of years if
water in the mix is not lost through drying. In
structures which are not moist cured and
remain substantially dry after construction,
the strength of concrete will never reach the
potential strength as indicated by the 28days compressive strength of control

specimens. Strength development stops at

an early age if concrete is exposed to dry air
with no previous moist curing.

area of concrete in place that is

considered deficient. The
location of cores shall be
determine by the Structural
Engineer so that there will be
least impairment of strength of
the structure.
3. Concrete in the area
represented by the cores will be
considered adequate if the
average strength of the cores is
equal to or at least 85% of fc,
and if no single core is less than
75% of, the specified strength
fc.
4. If there is a strength deficiency
in the concrete specimen per
preceding paragraph one, and it
is not feasible, or not advisable
to obtain cores from the
structure due to the structural
considerations, payment of the
concrete will be made at an
adjusted price due to strength
deficiency of concrete
specimens as specified in the
following table:

EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF

CONCRETE

5. Moisture content at Time of Test

For specimen tested in
compression, a dry specimen will give a
higher strength than a companion cylinder
which has been soaked in water immediately
prior to testing. It is the opposite in the case
of specimens tested in flexure, where moist
or soaked specimens will give higher flexural
strength than companion specimens which
are dry at the time of test.
6. Size of Specimen
A standard compression test
specimen is cylindrical with a height twice
the diameter. Smaller specimen will give
higher strength than the bigger specimens. A
12 x 24 specimen will give lower strength
than a 6 x 12 specimen obtained from the
same concrete mix and assuming that all
other pertinent factors are equal. This is due
to the possible faster strength Gain of the
smaller specimen. However, as the age
increases the difference in strength due to
difference in size tends to equalize.
7. Rate of Load Application
The standard rate of loading in
compression test is 20 to 50 psi per second.
If the test specimen is loaded at a slower
rate, the strength is lower than when it
loaded at the standard rate; a faster rate of
load application will result in higher
strengths.

There are factors to be considered in

the evaluation and acceptance, namely:
A. Strength of concrete Applicable
for both Structural Concrete (Item
405) and Paving Concrete (Item
311).
B. Thickness Determination of
Concrete Applicable only to
Paving Concrete (Item 311).
A. STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
Pursuant to ministry order No. 12
dated February 27, 1981 and as
adopted in the 1988 DPWH
Standard Specifications for
Highways, Bridges, and Airport,
Volume II, the criteria in the
evaluation and acceptance for both
Structural Concrete and Paving
Concrete are as follows:
1. The strength level of concrete
will be considered satisfactory if
the average of all sets of three
consecutive strength test results
equal or exceed the specified
strength fc, and no individual
strength test result is deficient
by more than 15% of the
specified strength fc.
2. Concrete deemed to be not
acceptable using the above
criteria may be rejected unless
the contractor can provide
evidence, by means of core
tests, than the quality of
concrete represented by failed
test results is acceptable in
place. At least three
representative cores shall be
taken from each member or

CONCRETE STRENGTH
DEFICIENCY
Deficiency in Strength
Of Concrete Specimen
Less than 5
5 to less than 10
10 to less than 15
15 to less than 20
20 to less than 25
25 or more

B.

Percent of Contract
Price Allowed
100 %
80 %
70 %
60 %
50 %
0%

THICKNESS SETERMINATION OF
CONCRETE
I. Tolerance and Pavement Thickness
a)

The completed pavement shall be

accepted on a lot basis.
1.

A lot shall be considered as

1000 linear meters of pavement
when a single traffic lane is
poured.

2.

b)

c)
d)

e)

f)

A lot shall be considered as

500 linear meters of pavement
when two lanes are poured
concurrently.

Each lot will be divided into five (5)

equal segments and one (1) core
will be obtain from each segment.
The allowable tolerance in
pavement thickness is 25 mm.
If the actual thickness of pavement
exceeded the required thickness by
more than 5 mm, the credited
thickness equal to required
thickness plus 5 mm (Credited T =
Required T + 5mm).
If the actual thickness of pavement
is less than the required thickness
by more than 25 mm, obtain core at
5.0 meter interval in each direction
from the affected location until a
core is found in each direction which
is not deficient in thickness by more
than 25 mm.
Compute the average thickness of
pavement per lot and refer to table
II.

II. Adjustment of Payment for Thickness

When the average thickness of the
pavement per lot is deficient,
payment of the lot shall be adjusted
as follows:
TABLE II
Deficiency in the average
Thickness per Lot (mm)
05
6 10
11 15
16 20
21 25
more than 25

Percent of Contract
Price per Lot
100 % payment
95 % payment
85 % payment
70 % payment
50 % payment
Remove and Replace
( No Payment)

Deficient in
thickness be
more than 2 mm

REMARKS

Total Credited Thickness = 154.5 cm

Ave. Credited Thickness = 19.3 cm

AASHTO Designation: T 119 94

(ASTM Designation: C 143 74)
Remarks:
Apparatus:

17.5
19.0
20.0

20.5
20.0
20.5
19.5
17.5
--

2.
3.

Station limit of thickness that failed to

meet the allowable tolerance: Sta. 0 +
349 to Sta. 0 + 351.25 (L = 2.25 m)
Area that failed to meet the tolerance in
pavement thickness requirement: W x L
= 6.10m x 2.25m = 13.725 sq.m.
Percent of contract price allowed for
payment of item 311 due to deficient in
thickness:

17.5
19.0
20.0

Deficiency in Thickness = Reqd.

Thickness Ave. Credited Thickness
= 20.0 19.3
= 0.70 cm (7.0mm)
within 6mm to 10 mm
(refer to Table)

20.5
20.0
21.0
19.5
17.5
17.0

AVERAGE THICKNESS,
cu.m.

CREDITED
THICKNESS, cu.m.

1.

1.

2.
3.
4.

1.
2.

Therefore, 95 % payment of
contract price for item 311 is allowed.
3.

+ 351.25
+ 355 LL
+ 450 RL

Sta. 0 + 050 RL
+ 150 LL
+ 250 RL
+ 345 LL
+ 349
+ 350 LL

5.

Dampen the mold and place on a flat moist

non-absorbent surface
Fill the mold with concrete in three layers,
each approximately one-third the volume of
the mold. In placing the concrete, move the
scoop-full around the top edge of the mold as
the concrete slides from it, in order to insure
symmetrical distribution of concrete within the
mold.
Each layer should be rodded with 25 stroke of
a 5/8 diameter rod having a length of 24 in.
and bullet-pointed at the lower end. The
stroke should be distributed in a uniform
manner over the cross section of the mold
and should penetrate into the underlying layer
by inch.
After the top layer has been rodded, strike off
the surface of the concrete with a trowel so
that the mold is exactly filled.
Remove the mold from the concrete by
raising it carefully in a vertical direction, then
measure immediately the slump by
determining the difference between the height
of the mold and the height of the concrete:
Slump = 12 height of the
concrete after its
subsidence

Y
#4F
#5

6.

#1
#2
#3
#4 B
#X
#4

STATION OF CORE TAKEN

Galvanized mold, No. 16 gage (frustrum of a

cone with a base diam. Of 8 in. and height of
12 in.)
Scoop
Trowel
Tamping Rod (5/8 dia., L = 24 in. with one
end bullet pointed at the lower end)

Procedure:

4.

CORE ID

FINAL REPORT ON CORE BORING TEST

SLUMP TEST FOR CONSISTENCY OF

PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE

After the slump measurement is completed,

tap gently the sides of the concrete frustum
with the tamping rod. The behavior of the
concrete under this treatment is a valuable
indication of the cohesiveness, workability,
and placeability of the mix. A well
proportioned workable mix will gradually
slump to lower elevation and return its original
identity, while a poor mix will crumble,
segregate and fall apart.

Note:
A slump test is measure of consistency in
concrete. It is the difference between the
height of the mold and the height of the
vertical axis of the specimen once it is
separated from the mold.
In construction work, it is the last barrier or
Go or No Go point before the concrete is
placed, and a lot depends on the results. The
common mistakes that should be avoided are:
1.) Poor sampling 2.) Neglecting to ampen the
core 3.) Improper rodding 4.) An unstable
base, and 5.) Wrong type of rod and the test
results bears little relation to actual concrete
equality.

2.

I.

SAMPLING
The elapsed time between obtaining the first
and the final portions of the composite
samples shall be as short as possible, but in
no instance shall it exceed 15 minutes.
Transport the individual samples to the place
where fresh concrete test are to be performed
or where test specimens are to be molded.
They shall then be combined and re-mixed
with a shovel to ensure uniformity.
Start tests for slump or air content, or both,
within 5 minutes after the sampling is
completed.

Sample the concrete after the

contents of the paving mixer have been
discharge. Obtain samples from at
least five different portions of the pile
and then composite into one sample for
test purposes. Avoid contamination
with sub-grade materials or prolong
contact with an absorptive sub-grade.
c.

Sample the concrete at two or more

regularly spaced intervals during
discharge of the middle portion of the
batch. Take the samples within the time
limit specified for sampling fresh
concrete and composite them into one
sample for test purposes. In any case
do not obtain samples from the first or
last portions of the batch discharge.
Sample by repeatedly passing a
receptacle through the entire discharge
stream or by completely diverting the
discharge into a sample container.
Regulate the rate of the discharge of
the batch by the rate of revolution of
the drum and not by the size of the
gate opening.

1.
2.

60
65
70
75
80
85

15.6
18.3
21.1
23.9
26.7
29.4

Balance
Tamping Rod round, straight steel rod, 16
mm in diameter 60 mm in length
and rounded tamping end
Measure a cylindrical container made from
metal that is not readily attacked by
cement paste
- Watertight and sufficiently rigid to
retain its form and calibrated volume
under rough used

5.

Minimum Capacity of Measures

Max. Nominal Size
Of Coarse Agg., mm

Capacity of
Measures, ltr

25.0
37.5
50.0
75.0
114.0
152.0

6.0
11.0
14.0
28.0
71.0
99.0

Inside
Dia.
(mm)

Inside
Height
(mm)

Thickness
Of
Bottom
(mm)

Metal
Wall
(mm)

Size of
Agg.
Max.
(mm)

3
10
15
30

155+/-2
205+/-2
255+/-2
355+/-2

160+/-2
305+/-2
295+/-2
305+/-2

5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0

2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0

12.5
25.0
40.0
100.0

Strike-Off flat rectangular plate, 6 mm thick

or glass or acrylic plate, 12 mm
thick.
-- Length and width at least 50 mm
greater than the diameter of the
measure.
5. Mallet with rubber or rawhide head, 0.57+/0.23 kg for 14 liters or smaller
measures, 1.02+/-0.23 kg for measures
larger than 14 liters capacity measure.
II.

CALIBRATION OF MEASURE
(AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 19-80)
1.
2.
3.

Weigh empty measure

Fill the measure with water at room
temperature
Determine the net weight of water in the
measure

Calculate the factor for the measure by

dividing the unit weight of the water by the
weight required to fill the measure.

IV.

PROCEDURE

2.

4.

Sampling from Stationary Mixers,

Except Paving Mixers

999.01
998.54
997.97
997.32
996.59
995.83

SAMPLE Obtain the sample of freshly mixed

concrete in accordance with the Standard
Sampling of Fresh Concrete. (AASHTO
DESIGNATION: T 141)

1.

Capacity
(liters)

kg/cu.m.

III.

Dimension of Measures

Size of Sample Make the sample to be

used for strength tests a minimum of 1 cu.ft.

Sample the concrete at two or more

regularly spaced intervals during
discharge of the middle portion of the
batch. Take the samples within the time
limit of 15 minutes and composite them
into one sample for test purposes. Do
not obtain samples from the very first or
last portions of the batch discharge.
Perform sampling by passing a

Temperature

Sampling from Revolving drum / Truck

Mixers or Agitators

PROCEDURE

a.

APPARATUS

3.

Start molding test specimens for strength

within 15 minutes after fabricating the
composite sample. Keep the elapsed time
between obtaining and using the samples as
short as possible and protect the sample from
the sun, wind, and other sources of rapid
evaporation, and from contamination.
3.

Measure the temperature of the water and

determine its unit weight, from the following
table ( interpolate if necessary)

Sampling from Paving Mixers

SCOPE
This method describes the procedures for
obtaining representative samples of fresh
concrete as delivered to the project site and
on which tests are to be performed to
determine the compliance with quality
requirements of the specifications under
which the concrete is furnished. The methods
include sampling from stationary, paving and
truck mixers, and from agitating and nonagitating equipment used to transport central
mixed concrete.

4.

Unit Weight of Water

b.

1.

STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR

UNIT WEIGHT AND YIELD OF CONCRETE
AASHTO Designation: T 121 82
(ASTM Designation: C 138 77)

receptacle completely through the

discharge stream or by completely
diverting the discharge into a sample
container.

STANDARD METHOD OF
SAMPLING FRESH CONCRETE
AASHTO Designation: T 141 74
(ASTM Designation: C 172 71)

3.

Consolidation consolidate by rodding for

concrete having a slump greater than 75 mm,
by rodding or vibration if the slump is 25 to 75
mm, and by vibration if the slump is less than
25 mm
Rodding place the concrete in the measure
in three layers of approximately
equal volume
- rod the bottom layer throughout its
depth but the rod shall not forcibly
strike the bottom of the measure
- distribute the strokes uniformly
over the cross section of the
measure and for the top two layers,
penetrate about 25 mm into the
underlying layers
- after each layer is rodded, tap the
sides of the measure smartly 10 to
15 times with the appropriate mallet
- add final layer so as to avoid
overfilling
- 25 strokes if the measure used is
14-liters or smaller in capacity
- 50 strokes for 28-liter measure
Internal Vibration
- Fill and vibrate in two equal layers
- Insert vibrator at three different
points for each layer
- In compacting the bottom layer, do
not allow the vibrator to rest on or
touch the bottom or sides of the
measure
- In compacting the final layer, the
vibrator shall penetrate into the

PREPARATION OF MATERIALS:

1.

Discharge concrete to mixing pan and remix

using shovel until uniform in appearance.
Curing
- cover immediately after molding
- remove from mold not less than 20 nor
more than 48 hours after molding
- storage during the first 48 hours should be
vibration-free

3 equal

If Step 2 is not possible

Stop mixer
Add other ingredients
Mix for 3 minutes
Followed by 3 minutes rest
Followed by 2 minutes final
mixing
Note:
Cover open top wile resting.

Rodding

Step 1 Prior to starting rotation, add coarse

aggregate, some of the mixing water,
and the solution of admixture, if
required.
Step 2 Start mixer and add fine aggregate,
cement and water while running.

Up to 300 (12)

Cement Content
= Mass of Cement in the Batch
Volume of the Batch

No. of
Strokes/Layer

Machine mixing

No. of Layers

B.

Unit Weight = (Net Mass of the concrete) X

(Calibration Factor of measure)

Mode of
Compaction

Hand Mixing
mix cement and fine aggregate
without water (and admixture, if
any)
- mix coarse aggregate without
water
- add water (and admixture
solution if used until the concrete
is homogeneous

No. of Cylinder
mm (in.)

A.

Molding
- Fill the mold in 3 layers of
approximately equal volume
- Rod each layer with a bullet-shaped
tamping rod at lower end
- The strokes shall be distributed
uniformly over the cross-section of the
mold and shall just penetrate into the
underlying layer
- The bottom layer shall be rodded
throughout its depth
- Tap the side of the mold to close the
voids left by they tamping rod
- After the top layer has been rodded,
the surface of the concrete shall be
struck off with a trowel and cover with
a glass or metal plate to prevent
evaporation

No. of Layers Required

MIXING PROCEDURE:

Calculation

Yield = (Total Mass of Batch) / (Unit Weight of

Concrete)

2.

25
25
50
75

Cement Shall pass through 1.18 mm (No. 16) or

finer sieve
- All lumps must be rejected

10 (3/8)
16 (5/8)
16 (5/8)
16 (5/8)

Cleaning and Weighing

After the strike-off, clean all
excess concrete from the
exterior of the measure and
determine the net mass of the
concrete.

Diameter = 3 x max. nominal size of

aggregate
Height = 2 x diameter

100 (4)
150 (6)
200 (8)
250 (10)

After the consolidation, strikeoff the top surface of he

concrete and finish it smoothly
with the flat strike-off plate

Size of Specimens

No. of Strokes
per Layer

6.

COMPRESSION TEST SPECIMENS

Temperature 20 to 25 degrees C
-

5.

A.

Rod Diameter
Mm (inc)

Strike-Off

No. Of Specimen 3 or more for each test age or

condition

MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE TEST

SPECIMEN IN THE FIELD
AASHTO Designation: T 23
(ASTM Designation: C 31)

No. of Roddings per Layer / Rod Diameter

4.

MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE TEST

SPECIMEN IN THE LABORATORY
AASHTO Designation: T 126-76
(ASTM Designation: C 192-76)

Cylinder Dia.
Mm (inc)

underlying layer approximately 25

mm
- The duration of vibration will depend
upon the workability of the concrete
and effectiveness of the vibrator
- (note: Usually, sufficient vibration
has been applied as soon as
the surface of the concrete
becomes relatively smooth)

0
0
+ or 3 %
+ 8.9 kg
- 4.7 kg
+ or 1
+ or
0
+3
-3
Each 0.055 increase or decrease in Water Cement ratio
Each 0.1 increase or decrease in fineness Modulus of Sand
Each 25 mm increase or decrease in slump
Manufacture sand
For Less Workable Concrete as Pavement

Net Water Content

Effect on Values in Table V

Changes in Conditions Stipulated in Table V

Adjustment of Above Table for Other Conditions

199
184
178
166
157
148
131
199
184
178
166
157
148
131
51
46
41
37
34
31
26
12.5 (1/2)
19.0 (3/4)
25.0 (1)
37.5 (1 )
50.0 (2)
75.0 (3)
150.0 (6)

Percent Sand

214
199
192
181
172
163
146
214
199
192
181
172
163
146

Liters

Net Water Content

per cu.m.

Kgs.
liters
Kg.

Rounded Course Aggregate

(Table V)
Maximum size of
Aggregate, mm (in.)

Rodding
Rodding
Vibration
Vibration

1. Take samples from at least three parts of

the load.
2. Use rigid non-absorptive, water - tight
molds at least 6 x 6 in cross section.
3. Oil molds lightly before filling, fill molds in 3
inches deep layers and rod each layer
once for each 2 sq.in. of area.
4. Spade all sides with a trowel, strike off top
with a straightedge, and finish with a
wood float.
5. Cover test beams immediately with a
double layer of wet burlap and let
specimens stand undisturbed for 24 hours
at temperatures between 60 to 80 F.

Sand % of
Total
Aggregate
by
Absolute
56
51
46
42
39
36
31

Note:
Specimens made to determine
when placed concrete is ready for traffic
should remain in them molds for 44 52
hours. Then stored as near as possible to
the installation they represent and cured
the same.

For mixes having either proportions, see

adjustment below

Net Water Content

per cu.m.

Curing
- After molding tests specimens,
immediately cover molds with wet
burlap and store in a cold place
- Let tests specimens stand undisturbed in
their molds for 24 48 hours at 60
80F
- Immediately after removal, soak
specimens in water
- Cure samples 4 to 7 days at the project
site

Based on mix having a water cement

ratio of 0.57 by weight of 22.8 kg per bag of
cement ( 22.8 L/bag of cement), 75.0 mm slump
and natural sand having a fineness modulus of
2.75.

Sand % of Total
Aggregate by Absolute
Volume cu.m.

Half Depth
100 (4)
Depth of Sample
200 (3) or as near as practicable
2 equal
3 or more
1
2 or more

3.

APPROXIMATE SAND AND WATER

CONTENTS PER CUBIC METER OF
CONCRETE

Angular Course Aggregate

Approximate Depth / Layer, mm (in)

No. of Layers

150 200 (6 8)
Over 200 (8)
150 200 (6 8)
Over 200 (8)

No. of Layers osdoso

Mode of Compaction

Molding
Fill the mold with concrete in layers
of approximately 75 mm (3 inches) in
depth
Rod each layer 50 times for each
square foot ( or 1 stroke for each 2
square inches)
After each layer is rodded, the
concrete shall be spaded along the
sides and ends with a masons
trowel or other suitable tools
When the rodding and spading
operations is completed, the top
shall be struck off with a
straightedge and finished with a

Consolidation by vibration Insert the

vibrator at intervals not exceeding 150 mm (6 in)
along the centerline of the long dimension of the
specimen. For specimens wider than 150 mm (6
in.), use alternating insertions along two lines.
Allow the shaft of the vibrator to penetrate into the
bottom layer approximately 25 mm (1 in.)

GENERAL RULES:

Depth, mm (in)

Size of Sample
Depth = 3 x max. nominal size
of aggregate
Width = depth or may be wider
by not more
Than half
Length = 3 x depth + 2 inches
or more

25
1 for each 7 sq. cm. (sq.in.) of Surface
1 for each 14 sq.cm. (2 sq.in.) of Surface

FLEXURE TEST SPECIMENS

1.

2.

10 (3/8)
10 (3/8)
16 (5/8)

B.

160 (25) or less

165 310 (26 49)
310 (50) or more

General Rules:
1. Take samples from at least
three parts of the load
2. Use only non-absorptive molds
3. Fill in three equal layers, rod
each layer 25 times with
spherical-nose rod
4. Let cylinder stand undisturbed
from 12 to 24 hours, with tops
covered at temperature
between 60 and 80 F (20 26
C)
5. Pack cylinders carefully in
sawdust and ship to laboratory
for testing.

Rod diameter, mm (inches)

Top Surface area of Specimen, sq.cm. (sq.in.)

Curing
After molding cover top with wet
burlap and store in a cold place
Remove from mold after 24
hours and soak in water more
than 7 days prior to the time of
test (tests shall be kept in the
field at least three-fourths of the
test period)
While in the laboratory the
specimen shall be kept at
laboratory temperature until 24
to 48 hours before testing

Rod Size and No. of Strokes per Layer

3.

No. of Strokes per Layer

Consolidation by Vibrator
Use 3 insertion of the vibrator at
different points for each layer
Allow the vibration to penetrate
through layer being vibrated, and
into layer below, approximately 25
mm (1 inch)

Uses of Each Class of Concrete

Class A: All superstructures and heavily reinforced
substructures. For slabs, beams, girders,
columns, arch ribs, box culverts, reinforced
abutments, retaining walls and reinforced
footings.
20.7 ( 3,000 )

37.7 ( 5,000 )

20.7 (3,000 )

16.5 ( 2,400 )

20.7 ( 3,000 )

Class B: Footings, pedestals, massive pier shafts, pipe

bedding, and gravity walls, unreinforced or
with only a small amount of reinforcement.

50 4.75
( 2 No. 4 )
63 4.75
( 2 No. 4)
19 4.75
( No. 4)
25 4.75
( 1 No. 4)
25 4.75
( 1 No. 4 )
50 100
(24)
50 100
(24)
50 100
(24)
100 max.
( 4 ) max.
100 200
(48)

: Concrete deposited in water.

Cement

2
3

Asphaltic
Materials
Asphalti Mix

Aggregates

0.58

0.49

0.55

0.58

360
(9.0)
320
(8.0)
380
(9.5)
440
(11.0)
380
(9.5)f

Minimum Cement
Content per cu.m.
Kg (bag #)

10
11

SEAL

12

Joint Filler
(Pre-molded)
Curing
Compound
Concrete
Cylinder
Concrete
Beam

2 (S) per 100 cans

18

13

a.)Coarse
Aggregates
b.) Fine
Aggregates
Soil
Aggregates
a.)
Classification
b.) Routinary
Test
c.) Moisture
Density
Relation
& CBR
Non Reinforced
Concrete
Pipe
Reinforced
Concrete
Pipe
Steel Pipe
(Galvanized )
Concrete
Hollow
Blocks
(Complete)
a. Strength
b. Moisture
Content
Steel Bar

1 - sample per 2,000 10 kgs

bags
1 (S) per 40 tonnes 5 liters
or 200 drums
1-(S) per 130 tonnes 20 kgs (Complete)

19

1-(S) per 1,500

cu.m.
20 kgs
50 kgs

50 kgs
2 pipes Min./0.5 %
of No. of Pipes

2 pipes

1 (S) per 50 pipes or 1 pipe (1m length)

2% No. of pipes
1 (S) per 600 length 2 pcs of 100 mm long
taken from both ends
w/o thread

3 units
3 units

1 (S) per 10,000 kgs 1 meter

or 10 tonnes
Steel Sheet 1 (S) per 1,000
1 sheet
(Galvanized) sheet
Wire:
(Strand)
Wire
2 meters
(Strap)
Gabion
1m x 2m

Concrete
Core

1 - 400mm x 400mm
sample
1 - liter
1-set of 3 cylinder
for 75 cu.m.
1 set of 3 beams for
75 cu.m. or 1-day
pouring
5 holes / km. / lane

1-set of 3 cylinder (6" x

12")
1 set of 3 beams (6" x
6" x 21")

5 holes / 500 mtrs

when 2-lanes
poured

21

70 kgs
50 kgs

1- 4 liter can
1 - 20 liter can

20

Class

15

17

MATERIALS MINIMUM TESTING MINIMUM QUANTITY

REQUIREMENTS
OF SAMPLE TO BE
SUBMITTED FOR
TESTING

Class C: Thin reinforced section, railings for filler in

steel grid floors precast piles and cribbing.

Seal

Paints

16

SAMPLING REQUIREMENTS FOR

TESTING
of Common
Construction
Materials

Class P: Prestressed concrete structures and

members.

0.53

Maximum Water
Cement Ratio kg/kg

Consistency
Range in Slump
Mm ( inch )

Designated Size of
Coarse Aggregate
Square Opening,
Std,, mm (Alternate)

Minimum
compressive Strength
of 150 mm x 300 mm
Concrete Cylinder
Specimen at 28 days
Mpa (Psi)

Table 1

14

SAMPLNG REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING

Of Common Construction Materials

22

Asphalt Core
a.) Density
and
Thickness
Test
Water
Analysis
a.) Chemical
Analysis
b.) Sediment
load Analysis
Structural
Steel/Sheet

1 core for every 100m or at least one for

each full day's operation

500 Ml
500 Ml
1 (S) per 50
tonnes/50,000 kgs

Reduced Section (as

prescribed)