Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Roteiro
Introduo
Soluo Proposta
Processo de Diagnstico
Arquitetura Conceitual
Root Cause Analyzer
Modelo de Informao
Avaliao
Concluses
Trabalhos Futuros
Introduo
Contexto
A complexidade das infraestruturas de TI torna a tarefa de
gerenciamento uma misso crtica
O Gerenciamento de Servios tem por objetivo implantar e
controlar os processos de TI
ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) tornouse a mais importante coletnea de boas prticas e
processos
Gerenciamento de Mudanas de TI
Dita a forma como uma infraestrutura de TI deve evoluir de
maneira consistente e segura
Determina como uma mudana deve ser conduzida
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Introduo
Gerenciamento de Problemas
Define como o ciclo de vida de problemas de TI deve ser
gerenciado
Os principais objetivos so
Prevenir a ocorrncia de problemas
Eliminar problemas recorrentes
Minimizar o impacto de incidentes que no possam ser evitados
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Introduo
Cenrio Atual
Muitas organizaes utilizam ferramentas que auxiliam na
identificao da causa de falhas
A causa da falha identificada atravs de um conjunto de passos prdefinidos, tambm chamado de caso
Quando no identificam a causa da falha, tais ferramentas fornecem
informaes relevantes
Possibilitam a reutilizao do conhecimento, o que resulta em uma
reduo de custos
Introduo
Problemas
Diversos diagnsticos deixam de ser concludos
corretamente devido a desatualizao dos casos
A infraestrutura de TI, na qual ocorre a falha, ignorada
Estado da arte
Diversos aspectos relacionados falhas e ao
gerenciamento de TI so abordados, tais como, riscos,
priorizao, categorizao e automatizao
No entanto, nenhuma das pesquisas permite identificar a
causa raiz de falhas na execuo de mudanas
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Introduo
Objetivos
7 de 55
Soluo Proposta
Processo de Diagnstico
Help Desk
Root Cause
Analyzer
Operator
PR
RC
Interactive Diagnosis
Problem Report
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Question
Selection
Answered
Question
Root Cause
Soluo Proposta
Arquitetura Conceitual
Change
Designer
Deployment
Change
Planner
System
RFC
Change Management System
Operator
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Config. Mgmt.
Database
Soluo Proposta
Arquitetura Conceitual
Change
Designer
Deployment
Change
Planner
System
RFC
Change Management System
Root Cause
Analyzer
Operator
Config. Mgmt.
Database
RC
Diagnosis Log
Recorder
Diagnosis System
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Soluo Proposta
Arquitetura Conceitual
Change
Designer
Deployment
Change
Planner
System
RFC
Change Management System
Root Cause
Analyzer
Operator
Config. Mgmt.
Database
RC
Diagnosis Log
Recorder
Diagnosis System
Log
CI
CI
PR
Input
Processor
RC
RC
RC
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Question
Selector
Question
Verifier
RC
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
Operator
Reports the
problem
PR
CI
Priority
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Diagnosis
System
Log
Log
Log
CI
CICI
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
Operator
Diagnosis
System
PR
Log
Log
Log
CI
CICI
IDENTIFIES:
Logs of previous diagnoses
RCs, Diagnostic Sets (categories)
Affected CIs
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Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
RC
RC
RC
Log
CI
CI
Identification
based on PR
Calculates the
weights
according to the
strategy
Identification
based on
categories
Selects the
Category that
has the greatest
weight
Identification
based on RCs
Selects the
Question has
the greatest
weight/level
Input Processor
Root Cause Analyzer
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Question Selector
Obvious?
Threshold
Question Verifier
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
Um exemplo de infraestrutura de TI
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Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
CI
CICI
Log
Log
Log
PR
Diagnosis
System
CI
Category
CI
Category
Internet
Apache 2.2
PHP 5.0.2
Hard Disk
Network Card
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Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
RC
RC
RC
Log
CI
CI
Identification
based on PR
Calculates the
weights
according to the
strategy
Identification
based on
categories
Selects the
Category that
has the greatest
weight
Identification
based on RCs
Selects the
Question has
the greatest
weight/level
Input Processor
Root Cause Analyzer
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Question Selector
Obvious?
Threshold
Question Verifier
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
PR
CI
CICI
Log
Log
Log
Diagnosis
System
Configuration
Mgmt. DataBase
RC
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RC
RC
RC
RC
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
RC
System
Application
Device
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
Server
Web Server
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RC
RC
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
Software
Device
Web Server
Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
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Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
RC
RC
RC
Log
CI
CI
Identification
based on PR
Calculates the
weights
according to the
strategy
Identification
based on
categories
Selects the
Category that
has the greatest
weight
Identification
based on RCs
Selects the
Question has
the greatest
weight/level
Input Processor
Root Cause Analyzer
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Question Selector
Obvious?
Threshold
Question Verifier
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
RC
RC
RC
Log
CI
CI
Identification
based on PR
Calculates the
weights
according to the
strategy
Identification
based on
categories
Selects the
Category that
has the greatest
weight
Identification
based on RCs
Selects the
Question has
the greatest
weight/level
Input Processor
Root Cause Analyzer
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Question Selector
Obvious?
Threshold
Question Verifier
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
Software
Device
26
Web Server
20
Third Party Services
Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
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30
70
30
35
95
74
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
RC
RC
RC
Log
CI
CI
Identification
based on PR
Calculates the
weights
according to the
strategy
Identification
based on
categories
Selects the
Category that
has the greatest
weight
Identification
based on RCs
Selects the
Question has
the greatest
weight/level
Input Processor
Root Cause Analyzer
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Question Selector
Obvious?
Threshold
Question Verifier
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
Software
Device
26
Web Server
20
Third Party Services
Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
21 de 55
30
70
30
35
95
74
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
Software
Device
26
Web Server
20
Third Party Services
Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
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30
70
30
35
95
74
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
RC
RC
RC
Log
CI
CI
Identification
based on PR
Calculates the
weights
according to the
strategy
Identification
based on
categories
Selects the
Category that
has the greatest
weight
Identification
based on RCs
Selects the
Question has
the greatest
weight/level
Input Processor
Root Cause Analyzer
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Question Selector
Obvious?
Threshold
Question Verifier
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
70
Questions RC 2 (20)
35
Questions RC 3 (40)
Questions RC 4 (25)
30
Questions RC 1,3 (50)
Server
Web Server
Computer System
95
Web Server
Network Card
30
Software
Device
74
Questions RC 1 (10)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
70
Questions RC 2 (20)
35
Questions RC 3 (40)
Questions RC 4 (25)
30
Questions RC 1,3 (50)
Server
Web Server
Computer System
95
Web Server
Network Card
30
Software
Device
74
Questions RC 1 (10)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
RC
RC
RC
Log
CI
CI
Identification
based on PR
Calculates the
weights
according to the
strategy
Identification
based on
categories
Selects the
Category that
has the greatest
weight
Identification
based on RCs
Selects the
Question has
the greatest
weight/level
Input Processor
Root Cause Analyzer
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Question Selector
Obvious?
Threshold
Question Verifier
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
RC
RC
RC
Log
CI
CI
Identification
based on PR
Calculates the
weights
according to the
strategy
Identification
based on
categories
Selects the
Category that
has the greatest
weight
Identification
based on RCs
Selects the
Question has
the greatest
weight/level
Input Processor
Root Cause Analyzer
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Question Selector
Obvious?
Threshold
Question Verifier
Soluo Proposta
Modelo de Informao
ManagedElement
ExchangeElement
SolutionCategory
1..*
1..*
SolutionElement
ServiceIncident
SolutionCategory
Category
1..*
0..1
determinesProblem
Problem
0..1
0..1
QuestionCategory
*
CategoryParentChild
ServiceProblem
RootCause
0..1
determinesOthersQuestions
1..*
1..*
1..*
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Answer
*
possibleAnswers
1..*
Question
0..*
Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
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Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
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Causas Raiz
Perguntas
Respostas
Diagnsticos Concludos
RC1
P1, P2
R1, R3
20
RC2
P1, P3
R2, R5
30
Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
Perguntas
Respostas
Diagnsticos Concludos
RC1
P1, P2
R1, R3
20
RC2
P1, P3
R2, R5
30
30
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20 + 30 = 50
20
Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
28 de 55
Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
29 de 55
Causas Raiz
Perguntas
Respostas
RC1
P1, P2
RC2
P1, P3
Diagnsticos
Concludos
Frustrados
R1, R3
20
10
R2, R5
30
15
Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
Perguntas
Respostas
RC1
P1, P2
RC2
P1, P3
30 15 = 15
29 de 55
Diagnsticos
Concludos
Frustrados
R1, R3
20
10
R2, R5
30
15
20 10 = 10
Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
30 de 55
Idade
Tempo de Diagnstico
Penalizao
At 120 dias
No se aplica
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
10
90%
Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
pesoElemen to ( x ) i (i i )
i 1
i idade de um diagnstico
i diferena entre 100% e o percentual de penalizao
aplicado idade i
i total de diagnsticos concludos
i total de diagnsticos frustrados
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Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
pesoElemen to ( x ) i (i i )
i 1
Causas Raiz
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Perguntas
Respostas
Diagnsticos
Concludos
Diagnsticos
Frustrados
1 idade
10 idade
1 idade
10 idade
RC1
P1, P2
R1, R3
24
RC2
P1, P3
R2, R5
15
Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
Causas Raiz
Perguntas
Respostas
Diagnsticos
Concludos
Diagnsticos
Frustrados
1 idade
10 idade
1 idade
10 idade
RC1
P1, P2
R1, R3
24
RC2
P1, P3
R2, R5
15
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1,6
Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
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Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
x
pesoPergunta ( x )
RCi RCi , x
i 1
Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
x
pesoPergunta ( x )
Causas Raiz
35 de 55
Perguntas
Respostas
RCi RCi , x
i 1
2
Diagnsticos
Concludos
Diagnsticos
Frustrados
1 idade
10 idade
1 idade
10 idade
RC1
P1, P2
R1, R3
24
RC2
P1, P3
R2, R5
15
Soluo Proposta
Estratgias para Seleo de Perguntas
19 3 = 16
Causas Raiz
25 12 = 13
Perguntas
Respostas
Diagnsticos
Concludos
Diagnsticos
Frustrados
1 idade
10 idade
1 idade
10 idade
RC1
P1, P2
R1, R3
24
RC2
P1, P3
R2, R5
15
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Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 1
Considere
Uma empresa possui a necessidade de instalar um servidor
de webmail
Dois cenrios com diferentes infraestruturas
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Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 1
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Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 1
37 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 1
Infraestruturas identificadas
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Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 1
Cenrio 1
CI
Categorias
Pesos
E-mail Service
Service E-mail
25 17
25 7
Webmail Access
Service Webmail
25 1
Exim
35 15
SquirrelMail
Software Webmail
35 9
Apache
35 1
WebServer
21 16 7
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Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 1
Cenrio 1
CI
Categorias
Pesos
E-mail Service
Service E-mail
25 17
25 7
Webmail Access
Service Webmail
25 1
Exim
35 15
SquirrelMail
Software Webmail
35 9
Apache
35 1
WebServer
21 16 7
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Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 1
Cenrio 2
CI
Categorias
Pesos
E-mail Service
Service E-mail
25 17
25 7
Webmail Access
Service Webmail
25 1
Exim
35 15
SquirrelMail
Software Webmail
35 9
Apache
35 1
WebServer
26 21 5
E-mail Server
26 21 7
Logical Connection
Network
38
Switch
40 36
40 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 1
Cenrio 2
CI
Categorias
Pesos
E-mail Service
Service E-mail
25 17
25 7
Webmail Access
Service Webmail
25 1
Exim
35 15
SquirrelMail
Software Webmail
35 9
Apache
35 1
WebServer
26 21 5
E-mail Server
26 21 7
Logical Connection
Network
38
Switch
40 36
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Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 1
41 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 1
41 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
Considere
Uma empresa atua na prestao de servios Web
A atual infraestrutura consiste de 2 servidores
DB Server Utilizado para servios relacionados ao Banco de Dados
Web Server Utilizado para propsito geral
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Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
Webmail
43 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
44 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
44 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
45 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
45 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
45 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
Pesos Calculados
Categorias
Est. 1
Est. 2
Est. 3
Est. 4
1083
242
157,30
242
558
82
33,20
82
DataBase
519
195
127,60
195
1058
345
188,10
345
Services
512
189
113,40
189
Devices
485
136
66,20
136
603
167
54,30
167
545
153
52,90
153
Hosting Server
319
175
49,90
175
DB Server
192
-22
3,00
-22
1115
343
126,60
343
Web Server
607
138
86,80
138
DB Server
443
169
36,20
169
Service
Network
System
Computer System
Software
46 de 55
Nvel
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
47 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
47 de 55
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
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Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
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Concluses
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Concluses
Principais contribuies
A soluo modular que permite as organizaes
personalizar partes da soluo para melhor refletirem suas
necessidades especiais
Outras contribuies
Expanso do CIM para representar informaes de
diagnsticos anteriores e de casos adaptveis
Flexibilidade do diagnstico gerado e a utilizao de casos
adaptveis
Estratgias propostas para a seleo de perguntas
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Concluses
Resultados obtidos
Evidenciam a flexibilidade dos diagnsticos gerados
As estratgias propostas geram workflows diferentes,
considerando a mesma infraestrutura e a mesma falha
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Concluses
Resultados da pesquisa
2 trabalhos diretamente relacionados ao tema da pesquisa
publicados em eventos de grande relevncia
IM 2011 (Mini-conference of 12th IFIP/IEEE International
Symposium on Integrated Network Management): A Solution for
Identifying the Root Cause of Problems in IT Change Management
SBRC 2011 (XXIX Simpsio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores
e Sistemas Distribudos): Identificao Interativa da Causa Raiz de
Problemas em Execues de Mudanas de TI
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Concluses
Resultados da pesquisa
5 trabalhos colaborando com outros colegas
NOMS 2010 (12th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium)
Computer-Generated Comprehensive Risk Assessment for IT Project
Management
Trabalhos Futuros
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Perguntas?
Referncias
Referncias
A. Keller, J. Hellerstein, J. Wolf, K.-L. Wu, and V. Krishnan, The champs system:
change management with planning and scheduling, in Network Operations and
Management Symposium, 2004. NOMS 2004. IEEE/IFIP, vol. 1, 23-23 2004, pp. 395
408 Vol.1
Referncias
Avaliao
Estudo de Caso 2
Categorias
Hosted Sites
DataBase Access
Service DataBase
PHP Interpreter
CMS Service
Logical Connection
Network Services
Joomla
PHP
Apache
MySQL
DB Server
Hosting Server
Switch
Network Devices
Sistema ChangeLedge
Change
Initiator
Change
Designer
Change
Authority
Operator
Change
Planner
Risk
Analyzer
Rollback
Planner
Operator
Rollback
Support
Generator
Change
Deployer
Config. Mgmt.
Database
Rollback
Engine
Deployment System
CI
CI
CI
Soluo Proposta
Modelo de Informao
Logical Element
EnabledLogical
Element
recordedProblem
MessageLog
0..1
Problem
0..1
determines
Problem
0..1
1..*
RecordLog
recordedAnswers
1
Answer
1
1..*
possibles
Answers
determines
OthersQuestions
1..*
1
recordedQuestions
1
Question
*
RootCause
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
Software
Device
26
Web Server
20
Third Party Services
Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
30
70
30
35
95
74
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
Web Server
26
Web Server
20
Third Party Services
Server
Computer System
Application
Device
Network Card
30
70
30
35
95
74
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
Software
Device
26
Web Server
20
Third Party Services
Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
30
70
30
35
95
74
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
95
70
Questions RC 2 (20)
35
Questions RC 3 (40)
Questions RC 4 (25)
30
Qestions RC 1, 3 (50)
Server
Web Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
30
Software
Device
74
Questions RC 1 (10)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
95
70
Questions RC 2 (20)
35
Questions RC 3 (40)
Questions RC 4 (25)
30
Common Questions
Server
Web Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
30
Software
Device
74
Questions RC 1 (10)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
16 bits
How many
bits is the
application?
64 bits
32 bits
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
95
70
Questions RC 2 (20)
35
Questions RC 3 (40)
Questions RC 4 (25)
30
Common Questions
Server
Web Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
30
Software
Device
74
Questions RC 1 (10)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
95
70
Questions RC 2 (20)
35
Questions RC 3 (40)
Questions RC 4 (25)
30
Common Questions
Server
Web Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
30
Software
Device
74
Questions RC 1 (10)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
95
95 70 = 25
Questions RC 2 (20)
35
Questions RC 3 (40)
Questions RC 4 (25)
30
Common Questions
Server
Web Server
70
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
30
Software
Device
74
Questions RC 1 (10)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
Software
Device
26
Web Server
20
Third Party Services
Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
30
70
30
35
25
74
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
Software
Device
26
Web Server
20
Third Party Services
Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
30
70
30
35
25
74
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
System
Software
Device
26
Web Server
20
Third Party Services
Server
Computer System
Web Server
Network Card
30
70
30
35
25
74
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
Software
Questions RC 6 (5) 25
Web Server
Network Card
Questions RC 8 (12)
Questions RC 9 (2)70
Questions RC 10 (3)
Web Server
Common Questions
35
30
Server
Questions RC 11 (25)
Computer System
Questions RC 7 (12)
30
System
Device
74
Questions RC 5 (15)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
Software
Questions RC 6 (5) 25
Web Server
Network Card
Questions RC 8 (12)
Questions RC 9 (2)70
Questions RC 10 (3)
Web Server
Common Questions
35
30
Server
Questions RC 11 (25)
Computer System
Questions RC 7 (12)
30
System
Device
74
Questions RC 5 (15)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
16 bits
How many
bits is the
application?
32 bits
64 bits
No
The devices
are well
plugged?
Yes
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
Software
Questions RC 6 (5) 25
Web Server
Network Card
Questions RC 8 (12)
Questions RC 9 (2)70
Questions RC 10 (3)
Web Server
Common Questions
35
30
Server
Questions RC 11 (25)
Computer System
Questions RC 7 (12)
30
System
Device
74
Questions RC 5 (15)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
Software
Questions RC 6 (5) 25
Web Server
Network Card
Questions RC 8 (12)
Questions RC 9 (2)70
Questions RC 10 (3)
Web Server
Common Questions
35
30
Server
Questions RC 11 (25)
Computer System
Questions RC 7 (12)
30
System
Device
74
Questions RC 5 (15)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
16 bits
How many
bits is the
application?
32 bits
64 bits
No
The devices
are well
plugged?
Yes
No
Network
card
detected?
Yes
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
Software
Questions RC 6 (5) 25
Web Server
Network Card
Questions RC 8 (12)
Questions RC 9 (2)70
Questions RC 10 (3)
Web Server
Common Questions
35
30
Server
Questions RC 11 (25)
Computer System
Questions RC 7 (12)
30
System
Device
74
Questions RC 5 (15)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
Software
Questions RC 6 (5) 25
Web Server
Network Card
Questions RC 8 (12)
Questions RC 9 (2)70
Questions RC 10 (3)
Web Server
Common Questions
35
30
Server
Questions RC 11 (25)
Computer System
Questions RC 7 (12)
30
System
Device
74
Questions RC 5 (15)
26
20
Soluo Proposta
Root Cause Analyzer
16 bits
How many
bits is the
application?
32 bits
64 bits
No
The devices
are well
plugged?
Yes
No
Network
card
detected?
Yes
No
Network card
not
configured
Network
card is
configured
correctly?
Yes