This is an electrical circuit protection device sound disappeared.

when too
much voltage 220V, and protection when pressure is too low with Using the
relay cut off power when voltage problems. In particular, If the voltage of motor
is lower, the coils of it can be a burn.
The working of circuits
From the circuit when the voltage is 220 volts AC through a transformer T1. It
serves to reduce the pressure remaining 12 volts, through a D1-D4 connected
to Direct rectifier bridge circuit. To convert the voltage, alternating current to
direct current. Then, through the C1 and C2 to the power filter smoothing. And
entering a pin. Or input pin of IC1, a loan IC Rex bit computing to 12-volt
power supply is fixed to the IC2. That it is IC Op Amp. Pressure acts edge
IC2/1 High Voltage Detector, High Voltage ICs, if this current work to the Q1
and relay function, it works with, thus cutting off power from the load instantly.
The IC2/2 serves to detect the lower voltage. The two components can be
specified by VR1, VR2. LED1 display when power or low power over a
specified.

The parts list

IC1___________LM324_ Quad/ 1MHz/ Operational Amplifiers for
Commercial/ Industrial/ and Military Applications
IC2___________LM7812_______12V 1A DC voltage regulator IC

Q1____________2N3904__45V 100mA NPN Transistor

D1-D4_________1N4007___1A 1000V Diode
ZD1___________6V 0.5W Zener diode
ZD2___________6.8V 0.5W Zener Diode
C1_________470F 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C2,C3_________0.1F 63V Polyester Capacitor
LED___________as you like
How to builds
This circuit is very useful.If you are interested in creating.Its not too difficult.
Because there is less equipment. And it certainly easy to buy.All equipment
will be soldered onto the PCB purpose.Should be careful polarity of the
diodes, Zener diodes, electrolytic capacitors types

Over and Under voltage protection of electrical

appliances
This is an over and under voltage protection to all electrical appliances are
safe. We use electronics circuits, high accurate work is fast LM393, AN6780
and more. Which cut off currents with power relay.
Ive presented this way, it is Over & Under Voltage protection circuit. But
today, Id recommend this because there is a very good following.
1. The relay will work all time in under or over voltage range.
2. This circuit will time delay all time when under or over voltage or power
outage awhile.
3. Can use fully performance, though under voltage to 12 volts or over voltage
to 380 volts
4. Can be adapted to the circuit breaker when the power falls to 180 volts (or
much less).
5. Can be adapted to the circuit breaker when the power is too high from 240
volts or more (or much-less).
How it circuit works

As Figure 1 is circuit diagram of this project. The voltage input is entered to

transformer that designed with primary of 380 volts and secondary of 20 volts.
From transformer feature as above will cause can get voltage at secondary of
12 volts. When input voltage is 220 volts as normally.

Figure 1 the circuit diagram

And will be output voltage of 9.5 volts. When voltage drop down to 180 volts,
this voltage as above will entered to diode rectifiers D1-D4. Notice: we use
primary coil transformer is 380 volts to protect them Not damaged by too over
voltage.
The voltage that through a rectifier circuit will be separated to two way. First
will be entered to IC3- LM7809 to The ability to maintain fixed voltage all time.
Although the input voltage is lower as 110 volts or higher 380 volts to them.
The circuit has excellent performance at all times.
The other way voltage will be entered to R1, R2 and IC1 to compared with
standard voltage from R5 and maintain fixed voltage to 5 volts stable by a
zener diode-D5.
VR1 will adjusted voltage lower than pin 6 just slightly,and will higher, when
input voltage higher this setting voltage. The output voltage at pin 7 will be
positive to enter through D6, D8 and R8 to base of Q1 cause Q1 working.
While LED-D9 will grow to indicate we know that the circuit worked from the
over voltage.
The working of Q1 will makes pin 3 of IC2- AN6780 has electrical potential as
the ground, cause output at pin 6 is positive, Q2 will work and reduce voltage
at base of Q3 to lower until Q3 stop. The relay will break the circuit to protect
the circuit that we use.
When input voltage is normally high. The Q1s base voltage will reduced until
Q1 stop working. But IC2 will still continually works with time about for 3

minutes. Then relay so connects power to the normally electrigfgfcal

appliances.
The VR2 will adjust voltage at pin 2 higher slightly than pin 3.
When input voltage lower than setting, when voltage at pin 2 lower than pin 3
will get positive voltage output pin 1 of IC1b fill through D7, D9 cause Q1 also
work at over voltage.
LED-D11 will indicated the under voltage.
LED-D10 will indicated the over voltage.
How to builds
As Figure 2 is actual size of single-sided copper PCB layout. And assemble
on PCB as Figure 3 completely. Then test working of circuit with apply normal
voltage to the circuit. The tree LEDs will must go out, next 3-5 minutes long
LED D12 lights to show that the circuit functions normally.

Figure 2 the PCB layout

Figure 3 the component layout.

For LED D9, D11 if grow in this time, to adjsut VR1, VR2 until both LEDs go
out.
Then test to reduce voltage to 180 volts while adjust VR2 until LED-D11 grow
and within LED-D12 will go out. That show relay stop working and cut voltage
of out the protected circuit show that it normally working.
Next test add voltage rises up to 240 volts, then adjust VR1 until LED-D9 will
grow while LED-D12 will go out, it indicated the relay stop and cut of voltage
to also protect the circuit.
If you not have the AC variable voltage supply. You may use DC power supply
adjustable voltage between 6-20 volts to connects at TP point. By the voltage
of 13.5 volts will same input voltage of 180 volts and 17.8 volts for 240 volts
Components List.
IC1_____________LM393 Low Offset Voltage Dual Comparators
IC2_____________AN6780 General Purpose Long Interval Timers
IC3____________LM7809____9V Fixed Regulator IC.
Q1, Q2__________BC547____0.4A 40V NPN Transistor
Q3_____________BC337____0.8A 40V NPN Transistors
D1-D4__________1N4007____1A 1000V Diode
D5_____________Zener 5V 0.5W
D6, D7__________Zener 3.9V 0.5W
D8, D9, D13______1N4148
D10, D11, D12____LED___as you want.
The resistors 0.25W
R1, R2___________27K
R3, R5___________15K
R4_______________12K
R6, R7, R14________820 ohms
R8, R12___________24K
R9________________910 ohms
R10_______________180K
R11_______________220 ohms
R13_______________68K
R15, R16___________1K
The Capacitors
C1________________470uF 35V Electrolytic capacitors
C2, C4_____________0.1uF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C3________________10uF 16V Electrolytic capacitors

C5________________470uF 16V Electrolytic capacitors

RY_______________9V Relay 1 contact.
Related Links
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Introduction
In this article we will try to understand a few circuit ideas that can provide low voltage and
over voltage protection to connected electrical assets. Though these circuits wont be able
to stabilize the input voltage, even so may prove very effective in providing total safety to
your precious electrical home appliances against dangerous input voltages.
The first design of a low voltage indicator circuit may be used to indicate the presence of
dangerous low voltage conditions.
A low voltage may appear to be something that is lower in magnitude and power, but that is
what makes it more lethal. For example a refrigerator working at 230 volts AC mains will
never like" voltages below 190, since in such cases its compressor due to the lack of
sufficient voltage, will try to compensate by drawing heavy currents and may get damaged if
the situation persists. The same is true for other types of AC operated motors.
Also in vehicles, for example a car, if the battery voltage falls below 9 volts, it may be quite
harmful for the life of the battery itself and moreover the vehicle will just not start at that
voltage.
The second circuit is similar but opposite in response. It is basically a high voltage detector
circuit and when attached to an electrical systemwill warn you of detrimental high voltages.
These voltages are perhaps more risky, as under such conditions the equipment may not get
enough time to withstand the jolt and may be instantly burnt or damaged.
We will also learn how these two circuits can be joined into one and used to sense both the
levels of bad" voltages and CUT the supply under such circumstances to save guard your
precious electrical gadgets.

Its Easy to Build These Simple Circuits

The circuits described below are pretty simple in design and may be easily built over a small
piece of a general purpose PCB. Once you understand how the below shown circuits

function, things will get much simpler:

Low voltage indicator circuit

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: Referring to the figure we can see that the circuit utilizes mainly a single PNP transistor and
a zener diode to sense a low voltage. As per the setting of VR1, the moment the input
voltage falls below the predetermined reference, the transistor conducts and switches ON
the LED to show a low voltage condition. The circuit may be used in vehicles operating on 12
volt batteries, to display the health" of the battery. Here VR1 should be adjusted such that
the LED begins to glow at around 10.5 battery voltage, indicating that it needs a proper
charging. Preferably a flashing type of LED may be used rather than a continuous one to

attract immediate attention of the driver. It can be accommodated on the vehicle dashboard

itself.
High voltage indicator circuit: Another simple configuration shown in the figure is of a
high voltage detector circuit. Here instead of a PNP, a NPN transistor is used to detect high
voltages. If the input voltage rises above the set level of VR1, the transistor will conduct to
put ON an alarm or an LED. This circuit alone wont be practically useful in any application,
as during high voltages there is always a chance of the equipment in the line of fire getting
damaged instantly, just an indication wont help. So it becomes important to arm the circuit
with an additional cut-OFF facility, so that it can switch OFF the supply voltage in such
dangerous scenarios and provide an impeccable over voltage protection to the connected

unit.
High voltage-low voltage cut-OFF circuit: As shown in the circuit diagram, a couple of
transistor stages are integrated together along with an output relay, which is able to perform
the function of super safe voltage guard equipment. As explained above the transistors
sense the presence of the dangerous voltage levels respectively and activate the relay to
protect the connected appliance from drastic situations. The cut OFF supply will be
immediately restored back once the voltage returns to a safe level. The circuit may be used
as a home protection system and installed inside the existing main switch board with the
relay contacts connected in series with the mains supply line. Thus this circuit will not only
cut OFF during low voltages but also will provide a total over voltage protection to the entire
house or premises.

The Ultimate High/Low Voltage Protector Circuit

This circuit is a modified version of the previous one and is able to

switch of the load and itself in case the input voltage reaches dangerous levels. It can thus
provide an ultimate protection to any gadget connected at its output.
The circuit may be understood in the following manner (Click Image to Enlarge):
After the required settings of the presets are done as explained above, pressing the push
button will initiate the circuit by connecting theAC supply to the transformer.
On receiving the supply voltage the circuit will operate by energizing T2 and the relay.
The relay contacts will get latched so that the entire circuit now receives the supply voltage
through its N/O contacts and the push button may be simply released.
As long as the supply voltage is within the normal range, the circuit remains latched and the
output appliance is safely powered. Now, if the voltage increases to an undesirable extent,
T1 will conduct, bringing the base voltage of T2 to ground and thus deactivating T2 and the
relay.
Once the relay contacts are dislodged, the supply to the appliance as well as the whole
system is broken. The circuit will remain unlatched until two conditions are met viz. the push
button is pressed and the voltage is restored to its normal position.
The same will happen during the unsafe low voltages.
QUIZ: Can anybody tell us why R1 has been included in the circuit?

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