Combined Fluid Reg, Kidneys, Electrolytes

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1.

K level in ECF

4.2 mEq / L

2.

K level in ICF

140 mEq / L

3.

hypokalemia
level

< 3.5 mEq / L

4.

hyperkalemia
level

> 5.0 mEq / L

effects of
hyperkalemia

depolarization
(less conc delta)

5.

12.

Beta adrenergic stim

DECREASE

effect on K conc in ECF

Hypokalemia
(shifts from ECF to ICF)

effect on secretion
INCREASES SECRETION
13.

Alkalosis

DECREASE

effect on K conc in ECF

Hypokalemia
(shifts from ECF to ICF)

accelerated repolarization
rests closer to threshold
-will fire w/ less stimulus arrhythmia,
fibrilation
-or block (inact gates not open)
6.

effects of
hypokalemia

hyperpolarization
(inc conc delta)

INCREASES SECRETION
14.

15.

Cell lysis

INCREASE

effect on K conc in ECF

(shifts from ICF to ECF)

Acidosis
effect on K conc in ECF

INCREASE
HYPERKALEMIA

delayed repolarization
higher stim needed to reach threshold

DECREASES SECRETION
16.

fatigue, muscle weakness

hypoventilation
7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Strenuous exercise

INCREASE

effect on K conc in ECF

HYPERKALEMIA
DECREASES SECRETION

ECF, ICF

ECF = uptake (reabsorption)

uptake, secretion

ICF = secretion (after basal side diffuses

out to lumen)

aldosterone

Increases it

impact on K
secretion

Na exchanged for K - at pumps

Primary
aldosteronism

too much aldosterone

Insulin

DECREASE K in ECF

HYPERKALEMIA

effect on K conc
in ECF

Hypokalemia
(shifts from ECF to ICF)

DECREASES SECRETION

effect on
secretion

INCREASES SECRETION

Aldosterone

DECREASE

effect on K conc
in ECF

Hypokalemia
(shifts from ECF to ICF)

effect on
secretion

INCREASES SECRETION

17.

Distal tubule VOLUME

decrease - general

DECREASED SECRETION
HYPERKALEMIA

(GFR decrease)
18.

increased ECF Na
osmolarity
hyperosmolarity

INCREASE
Na pulled out, K exchanged at
pumps
(shifts from ICF to ECF)

effect on K conc in ECF

19.

Distal Tubule (ICF)

Inc Na osmolarity
effect on K secretion

20.

where in renal tubules

is most K reabsorbed

INCREASES SECRETION
(high lumen Na conc, aldosterone
works to conserve Na, exchanges K)
65% in proximal tubule
(but doesn't vary much - most
variation in excretion due to
secretion)

21.

% of K excreted
in distal & collecting
tubules

1/3
(of 92 mEq day total excreted)
(by principal cells)

22.

Potassium
secreted or
absorbed at

either

32.

into ICF = secretes (by diffusion)

out to ECF = reabsorbed (after diffusion)

Principal Cells
23.

24.

25.

DECREASES K secretion

impact on K
secretion

(opposes H in ECF opposes Na pump into

ECF, K doesn't go into ICF)

acute
alkylosis

INCREASES K secretion

chronic
acidosis
impact on K
excretion

26.

Inc K+ in ECF
impact on K
secretion

27.

28.

29.

in potassium
depletion

acute - decreases excretion of K

vs

chronic -increases excretion of K

(net loss of K)

chronic acidosis

acute acidosis

impact on K
secretion

acute acidosis

impact on K+ levels
33.

effect of increased Na
intake
on renal excretion of K

decreased aldosterone
(decreased K secretion)

(lack of H enables more Na to pump into ECF,

more K goes into ICF)

&

INCREASES K secretion

high tubular flow rate

(increased K secretion)

(long term - as H+ excess inhibits Na/H20

reabsorption at proximal tubule - which
increases distal VOLUME, which then
STIMULATES K secretion)

cancel eachother out

34.

Aldosterone
Acts on Na, K

STIMS Aldosterone ->stims Na/K pumps into

ICF
inc K into principal cells
(then diffuses out to lumen)

CONSERVES SODIUM decreases secretion

-STIMULATES reabsorption of
Na from Lumen
-STIMULATES PUMP out of Na to
interstitial
....Stimulates SECRETION of K

key regulator of K!

35.

Serum calcium level

8.5 - 10.2 mg/ dL

intercalated cells

36.

Hypocalcemia causes

increased excitability
nerves/muscles....tetany

37.

Hypercalcemia causes

depressed muscle excitability

what cells
take action

when no more K to secrete, increases

reabsorption
by K/H ATP pumps

Addison's
disease

too little aldosterone

Addison's
disease

HYPERKalemia

cardiac arrhythmia
38.

% of total serum Ca
ionized vs bound

50% ionized
10% non ionized

(doesn't stim K secretion)

40% bound to plasma proteins

39.

causes hypo
or hyper
kalemia

pH effect on Ca binding to
protein

pH inc (alkalosis) INCREASES

binding
decreases reabsorption

30.

primary
aldosteronism

too much aldosterone

31.

Primary
aldosteronism

HYPOkalemia

CAUSES hypocal - TETANY

40.

Calcium levels balanced

by

excretion in feces 90%

regulation by PTH

(secretes too much K)

causes hypo
or hyper
kalemia

NONE

41.

in kidneys, calcium is

FILTERED
REABSORBED
(but not secreted)

42.

Renal calcium excretion =

Filtered - reabsorbed

43.

Calcium reabsorption
mostly in

proximal tubules

56.

PTH generally
produces

Bone Resorption
both Ca & PO4 go serum BUT

(similar to Na+)
44.

45.

46.

PTH secreted by what in

what conditions

by Parathyroid glands
sensing low
Ca

PTH hormone feedback does

what (3)

PTH stimulates Ca release

from bone
PTH stimulates Ca
reabsorption in Kidney
PTH stimulates D3
D3 stimulates Ca
reabsorption in intestine

PTH hormone acts where in

tubules

INHIBITS renal P04 reasorption

INCREASE in serum CA
DECREASE in serum PO4
57.

Plasma PTH
impact on Phosphate
secretion

58.

Mg Conc in ECF causes

inc Calcium reabsorption

at Henles & DCT

59.

ECF volume expansion

causes

Calcium excretion vs

increased plasma phosphate

60.

Ca Conc increase in
ECF causes

Increased Mg EXCRETION

plasma phosphate levels

stimulate PTH secretion

61.

Sensors for ADH at

atria

Calcium excretion at low pH

reabsorption stimulated by
ACIDOSIS
CA excretion DECREASED by
ACIDOSIS

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

INCREASED Mg
EXCRETION

DECREASES CA excretion
48.

INCREASED Mg
excretion

DECREASES EXCRETION
47.

INCREASED EXCRETION

Impact on calcium excretion

(but ADH released from post

pituitary)
62.

ADH AKA

VASOPRESSIN

63.

Sensor for ANP at

atria
(and ANP released from atria)

DECREASED Ca excretion

inc PTH

(Ca reabsorbed)

Impact on calcium excretion

DECREASED Ca excretion

reduced ECF vol

(Ca reabsorbed)

Impact on calcium excretion

DECREASED Ca excretion

reduced blood pressure

(Ca reabsorbed)

Impact on calcium excretion

DECREASED Ca excretion

increased plasma phosphate

(Ca reabsorbed)

Impact on calcium excretion

DECREASED Ca excretion

Vit D3 activated

(Ca reabsorbed)

Calcium storage sites

99% bones

64.

ANP secreted by what

when

released from atria in response to

vol, press

65.

Atrial Natriuretic
Hormone

causes relaxation of smooth muscle

(Decreased TPR)

effect

increased EXCRETION of Na/H20 at

kidneys
inhibits RENIN secretion

66.

heart failure cycle

67.

Normal pH range

1% in ICF
0.1% in ECF
55.

Phosphate excretion
mechanism

overflow when conc above

0.8 mM / L
(typically always Phosphate
in urine)

7.2 - 7.4

68.

Na conc vs H conc in ECF

3.5 MM X MORE Na than

H

81.

Angiotensin II
EFFECTS (4)

in ECF
69.

Akylosis range

pH > 7.4

70.

Acidosis range

pH < 74

71.

3 buffer systems of body

chemical

INCREASES ALDOSTERONE
(acts on adrenal cortex)
INCREASES ADH
(acts on pituitary)

lungs

CONSERVES Na
(directly via Na/H exchange)

kidneys
72.

Bicarbonate buffer equation

H20 + CO2 <-> H2CO3 <->

H+ + HCO3-

73.

Phosphate buffer equation

(renal)

HPO4-- + H+ <-> H2PO4-

74.

Ammonia buffer equation

NH3 + H+ <-> NH4+

STIM THIRST
(at hypothal)
82.

Protiens buffer equation

H+ + Hb <-> HHb

(intracellular)
what percentage of buffering
occurs inside of cells

60-70%

77.

Thirst regulated by

Baroreceptors
(aortic arch & carotid
sinus)
Juxtaglomerular app KIDNEY
(to ANG II - stim hypothal
thirst)
Osmoreceptors HYPOTHALAMUS

RENIN

SECRETES

Impact on Adrenal
Cortex

Aldosterone

ANP

inhibit reabsorption of Na & H20

effect

inhibits Renin

ANP

cells of cardiac atria

produced by

under stretch

86.

Aldosterone secreted
from

adrenal cortex

87.

Aldosterone effect

at principal cells - stims Na pumps

84.

85.

converts Angiotensigen
(from Liver)

INCREASES RATE OF Na
REABSORPTION
Conserves Na
(increases water retention indirectly)

to Angtiotensin I

80.

Angiotensin I

Angiotensin II

converts to what

w/ ACE
(from cap beds of
LUNGS)

RENIN

juxtaglomerular cells

secreted where

(when reduced
stretch/FLOW detected)

INCREASES GFR

ANGIOTENSIN II

DOES WHAT
79.

EFFERENT VASOCONSTRICTOR
(LESS FLOWS OUT OF GLOMERULUS)

(no effect on afferent - protected**)

83.

76.

78.

ANGIOTENSIN II
VASO EFFECT on
KIDNEY

(renal)
75.

VASOCONSTRICTION SHORT
ACTING
PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
INCREASED - BP INC

incr K secretion
incr H secretion
88.

Disease of no
aldosterone

Addison's

89.

Increased plasma K+
levels
EFFECT ADRENAL
CORTEX
HOW

STIMULATE
ALDOSTERONE
(decreases Na loss)

90.

Aldosterone
Angiotensin II
Effect on Sodium
CONCENTRATION

91.

92.

ADH secreted by
ADH secretion
triggered generally by
(2)

very little
water comes in/out w/ Na
(regulated at tubules - assuming
thirst functioning)

102.

103.

ADH effect

Decreases ADH

IMPACTS ADH secretion

how

(decreases vol - bp)

ECF =

PLASMA (fluid not RBC's)

pituitary gland
(posterior)

InterSTITIAL fluid (between

cells)

water defecit
1 - sensed by OSMORECEPTORS
(in hypothalamus)

104.

ICF =

INTRA cellular fluid

(inside cells)

105.

blood contains

BOTH

2 - sensed by BARORECEPTORS
(aortic arch, carotid sinus, atria via
Vagus & GlossoPh IX)
signal cranial nuclei to HYPOTHAL
93.

Clonidine

increases permeability of DCT

(aquaporins open)
INCREASES water reabsorbed
(back into blood)
INCREASES WATER RETENTION

ECF - plasma
ICF - inside RBC's
106.

107.

Plasma exchanges w/

Plasma w/ Interstial

what, where

at PORES of
CAPILLARY membranes

Permeability of Pores of
Capillary Membrane

Highly Permeable
to Almost Water & Ions
EXCEPT
PROTEINS

LESS (WATER IN) URINE

94.

ADH decreased

MORE URINE

95.

ADH increased

LESS URINE

96.

Increased Osmolarity

Increases ADH

IMPACTS ADH
secretion how

(body dilutes to reduce Na conc)

Decreased blood
vol/pressure

Increases ADH

HIGHER CONC in PLASMA

than ISF
108.

97.

109.

99.

Nausea

Increases ADH

IMPACTS ADH
secretion how

(can be 100x after vomiting)

Hypoxia

Increases ADH

110.

Concentration of Protein

Inside Cell 4X Plasma

Intracell
Plasma
ISF

Plasma > ISF

Mnemonic

3 P's & Mg/Ca - IN

-Potassium
-organoPhosphates
-Protein
-Magnesium

Ions inside/outside cell

IMPACTS ADH
secretion how
100.

Morphine
Nicotine

101.

Salt & Bicarb - OUT

-Na
-Cl
-HCO3

Increases ADH

IMPACTS ADH
secretion how

Highly Permeable to Water

NOT to
MOST ELECTROLYTES
PROTEINS

IMPACTS ADH
secretion how
98.

Permeability of
Cell Membrane

111.

Between

Hydrostatic

Alcohol

Decreases ADH

PLASMA & ISF

&

IMPACTS ADH
secretion how

(causes dehydration - hangover)

regulated by

Colloid osmotic forces

112.

Between

Osmotic effects

Intra & Extra

CELLULAR

(Smaller solutes, electrolytes)

regulated by
113.

Intra & Extra

CELLULAR

123.

(cell membrane IMPERMEABLE to even

small IONS)
ISOTONIC

calculating volume
changes

-mOsm in each ECF, ICF

(3900, 7800)

adding Y Liters of

+added to ECF (L x 280)

X % NaCl solution

-calc new total conc (mOsm /

vol - ECF, ICF, +added)

(to ECF)
-calc vols ECF, ICF
(using new conc & known
solutes)

water moves across rapidly

Tonicity
Maintained
114.

115.

osmoles

1 molar NaCL

number of osmotically
ACTIVE particles in a solution

124.

(not just molar concentration)

125.

2 osm/L

hypo/hyper natremia

ECF dec

vs osmolarity

osmolarity - osmoles per liter

impact to ECF, ICF

hypo - fluid goes in

ICF inc

causes of primary loss of

sodium - dehydration

Adrenal insufficiency
(aldosterone dec), Addisons

"Hyponatremia dehydration"

Diuretics

Van Hofts Law

use Van Hofts coeff:

(calc osmotic
pressure)

19.3 mm Hg / mOsm/L

118.

ECF volume

14 L

119.

ICF volume

28 L
(2x)

126.

Isotonic saline

Diarrhea, Vomiting
127.

128.

280 mOsm/L

122.

isotonic Normal

0.9% Saline

Saline
Glucose

5% Glucose

Osmolarity

280 mOsm

isotonic Normal
Saline

(per Liter)

-natremia caused by

"Hyponatremia overhydration"

water retention
water retention
"Hyponatremia overhydration"

osmolarity
121.

"Hyponatremia dehydration"

Na lost , conc decreases

(hyponatremia)
water out w/ it - dehydration
of ECF

osmoles per kg of water

(techn needs correction factor too)

120.

loss of sodium

osmolality

(dilute sol such as body fluids, are same)

117.

Hyponatremia - dehydration

loss of sodium

osmolar conc =
116.

-natremia caused by

hypo/hyper natremia
impact to ECF, ICF
129.

causes of water retention overhydration

overhydration - causes dec

Na conc
HYPOnatremia
ECF inc (directly)
HYPO - fluid goes inside
cell/swells
ICF inc
Excess ADH
bronchogenic tumor

"Hyponatremia overhydration"

(0.9 %)
130.

-natremia caused by
loss of water

"Hypernatremia dehydration"

131.

loss of water
"Hypernatremia dehydration"

132.

dehydration - Na conc inc

HYPERnatremia

140.

ECF dec (directly)

hypo/hyper natremia
impact to ECF, ICF

HYPER - fluid comes out of

cell/shrinks
ICF dec

causes of primary loss

of water - dehydration

Diabetes insipidus (low ADH)

excessive sweating

-natremia caused by

141.

safety factors
preventing edema

Excess sodium
"Hypernatremia overhydration"
hypo/hyper natremia
impact to ECF, ICF

"WASHDOWN" reduces interstitial

colloid osmotic pressure
142.

compliance low at
negative pressure
due to

"Hypernatremia - overhydration"

Na gained , conc inc

(HYPERnatremia)
ECF inc (some w/ Na but not
enough)

at negative interstitial pressure

Cushing's disease
Primary aldosteronism
(Conn's syndrome)

136.

consequences of

cell swelling - EDEMA

HYPONATREMIA

brain can't grow > 10% - else

herniates through foramen
magnum

less common hyper or

hyponatremia

hypernatremia
(intense thirst prevents)

how ISCHEMIA causes

cell swelling
EDEMA

143.

pitting edema
caused by

144.

additional function
of
proteoglycan
filaments

intracellular edema
caused by

pitting edema
relieved by

elevation - gravity will aid flow back

through channels

146.

lymph can increase

by

10-50x

147.

"washdown" of
interstitial fluid

inc lymph flow, greater pull of

protein to lymp
(lymph vessels permeable to protein,
caps not)

Na/K pump slows - Na builds up

inside w/ water

HYPOnatremia
depressed metabolism or
ischemia/nutrients
(less Na/K pump activity)
inflamm/capillary perm

(ions don't diffuse through cell

membranes)

145.

less protein in interstitial space

causes dec vac/suction
(decreased colloidal pressure) on
capillary fluid

(tissue vol can increase 3x)

139.

"spacer" - ensure space between

cells, so nutrients & ions can diffuse
readily

(filaments DON'T hinder

nutrient/waste diffusion)

lack of nutrients

prelude to death of tissue

accumulation of (non gel)

free fluid - brush pile separates
(at positive interstit pressure)

HYPER - fluid comes out of

cell/shrinks

causes of excess
sodium overhydration

138.

proteoglycan filaments hold fluid in

"gel"

3mm safety factor

135.

137.

COMPLIANCE low at neg pressures

LYMPH flow can INCREASE 10-50x

excess sodium
134.

abnormal leakage from capillaries

(inc bp, inc perm, DEC proteins)
lymphatic deficiency

inadequate water intake

133.

extracellular edema
caused by

148.

Pressure "safety
factor" before
EDEMA

17mm Hg capillary pressure buffer

(2X normal - net inward venous
capillary 7mm Hg)

149.

pressures:
capillary, venous (& nets)
BCOP

blood colloid osmotic pressure

- 28

161.

150.

lymphatic system - would

die without why

returns proteins to blood

(capillaries not permeable)

151.

amount of fluid leaving

caps
entering lymph

1/10

162.

Macula densa senses

Sodium level - filtrate

(at distal tubule)

163.

blocked ureter - Pain

causes

reflex constriction of ureter

164.

uretorenal reflex

pain also causes sympathetic

reflex at
Kidney arterioles
(constricting renal arterioles)
reduces fluid into pelvis w/
blocked ureter

2-3 L per day

165.

smooth muscle of
bladder begins to
contract at fluid level

200ml

166.

composition of filtrate
similar to

plasma

fraction, Liters per day

fluid moves through
lymphatic capillaries how
(2)

capillary pump
external (muscles, movement,
pulsation)
one way valves

153.

how does edema occur

interstitial tissue loses vacuum

154.

pressures in potential
spaces

NEGATIVE -

(except Ca, FA's lower - partially

bound to proteins)
167.

molecules passing
through filter

inulin
(not large proteins)

-5 to -6 PERICARDIUM
168.

-7 to -8 Pleural Cavity
EDEMA in tissue adjacent

flows into spaces

to potential
spaces/cavities

EFFUSION

156.

pressure at glomerular
capillaries

60 mm Hg

157.

pressure at peritubular
capillaries

13 mm Hg

158.

macula densa location

on distal tubule

160.

positive vs negative
charged

positively charged molecules

more frequently filtered

particles passing through

filter of capsule
169.

can cause proteins to pass

through

loss of negative charge on

basement membrane
protein/albuminuria

(but measures pressure at

afferent arteriole)
159.

sodium
glucose

-3 to -5 JOINTS

155.

STRETCH (pressure)
Afferent Arteriole (incoming)

cap - 41mmHg ven - 21mmHg

(net +13 - flows out) (net -7 flows back in)
lymph - net - 0.3mm Hg diff
stays in Interstitial
(then into lymph vessel - one
way valves)

152.

JG cells sense

type of nephron w/ vasa

recta

juxtamedullary

juxtaglomerular
apparatus
consists of

juxtaglomerular cellls on
AFFERENT arteriole (incoming)

170.

microalbuminuria
levels

171.

causes of
microalbuminuria

protein between 25 - 150 mg

albumin
( per day)
early diabetes
(10-20X to dev persistent
albuminuria)
hypertension

macula densa cells on DISTAL

TUBULE (filtrate side)

glomerular hyperfiltration

172.

GFR

glomerular flow rate

185.

portion of Renal Plasma flow

pushing through Bowman's
capsule
173.

Filtration Fraction

GFR / Renal Plasma Flow

174.

GFR typically

180 L / day
125 ml / min

175.

Plasma volume &

Turnover rate
Filtration Fraction
typically

186.

3L

177.

kidney relative blood

supply

187.

7X flow
(w/ only 2X oxygen consumption)

188.

vs brain
178.

Net filtration pressure

Glom Hydrostatic Pressure

equation

LESS
- Glom Oncotic (suck back into
Glom)
- Bowman's Hydrostatic (opposing)
PLUS (if any)
- Bowmans Oncotic (suck back into
bowman)

179.

Normal Glomerular
Hydrostatic Pressure

60 mm Hg

180.

Normal Glomerular
Oncotic Pressure

32 mm Hg

181.

Normal Bowman's
Hydrostatic Pressure

18 mm Hg

182.

Normal net filtration

pressure

+ 10 mm Hg

(of Glomerular
Capsule)
183.

Impact of filtration
fraction on
glomerular colloid
osmotic pressure

modest/ < 3X - increases pressure (in

glomerulus)
INCREASE GFR

renal oxygen
consumption
varies

pressure gradient

Renal blood
flow equation

= Renal artery pressure - Renal vein

pressure
_______________________________________________
Total Renal Vasc Resist

kidneys
AUTOREGULATE
renal blood
flow & GFR to
what ARTERIAL
pressure range

80 - 170 mm Hg

190.

SYMpathetic
activation
(or norepi, epi)

only SEVERE act - else little/none

(hemorrhage, brain ischemia)

IMPACT ON
GFR, renal
blood flow
191.

Angiotensin II

proportional

ACTS on WHAT

(incoming)

CONSTRICTING
AFFERENT arteriole

reduces pressure (in glomerulus)

reduces GFR

vascular resistance

189.

IMPACT ON
GFR, renal
blood flow

impact of

(active transport)

Renal blood
flow
determined by

(flow out of Glomerular into

Bowman/tubule)

inc in filtration fraction -> inc prot

conc

sodium reabsorption

(Flow = MAP / TPR )

192.

inc colloidal pressure (suction back

into glomerulus)
184.

CONSTRICTING
EFFERENT
arteriole

in proportion
to

.2
20%

(outgoing)

SEVER > 3X - protein buildup colloidal suction

REDUCES GFR

60 cycles / day
176.

impact of

DECREASES renal blood flow & GFR

(constricts arterioles)

DECREASE blood flow & GFR

Angiotensin II

-Renal blood flow overall constricted

afferent vs
efferent effects

-but EFFERENT only constricted

(afferent is protected - so backflow at
glom...hydrostatic pressure actually inc)

193.

Angiotensin II

EFFERENT

preferentially
constricts...

(outgoing - forces more fluid into bowman)

194.

endothelin

DECREASE
blood flow & GFR

206.

IMPACT ON GFR, renal

blood flow
195.

NO

ACTS
INCREASES
renal blood flow & GFR

207.

IMPACT ON GFR, renal

blood flow
196.

Prostaglandin

INCREASES
renal blood flow & GFR

IMPACT ON GFR, renal

blood flow
197.

Bradykinin

High protein

208.

INCREASES
renal blood flow & GFR

INCREASES
renal blood flow & GFR

High blood glucose

(DM)

209.

INCREASES
renal blood flow & GFR

200.

201.

NSAIDS
IMPACT ON GFR
Fever
Pyrogens

Glucocorticoids

(esp volume depleted states)

Glucose

INCREASES GFR

IMPACT ON GFR
203.

204.

205.

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion

DECREASES GFR

IMPACT ON GFR
202.

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion

INCREASES GFR

Aging

DECREASES GFR

IMPACT ON GFR

(10% /dec after 40 yrs)

Macula densa

senses NaCL level at DCT

senses & controls

1 -DILATEs AFFERENT (directly)

2 -SECRETES RENIN

Macula Densa

Means LOW GFR

NaCl level low

(at DCT)

MD acts to
- DILATE AFFERENT arterioole (inc
flow in)
- secretes Renin - > Ang II - >
CONSTRICTS EFFERENT
NET INC GLOM PRESSURE = GFR

Filtration Only
(all is excreted that is filtered)
ER = FR

Partial Reabsorption
ER = FR - RR

Complete Reabsorption
(all that is filtered is reabsorbed)
ER = 0

Aminoacids
210.

IMPACT ON GFR, renal

blood flow

CONSTRICTS EFFERENT - (less out of

GLOM)
(via Renin/AngII)

Electrolytes

IMPACT ON GFR, renal

blood flow
199.

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion

DILATES AFFERENT - (more into GLOM)

Creatinine

IMPACT ON GFR, renal

blood flow
198.

Macula Densa
Sense Low NACL

211.

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Excretion
Organic
Acids/Bases
DRUGS

Complete Reabsorption
(all that is filtered is reabsorbed)
ER = 0

Secretion
(secreted from blood)
ER = FR + SR