The 7th International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication: Implications

for authors

The International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication is perhaps the biggest, most important conference that
addresses issues at the heart of scientific, technical and medical publication. Hosted by the Journal of the American Medical
Association (JAMA), the Congress is held only once every four years and represents the gathering of the best minds and thought
leaders.
And, of course, Editage was there! Donald Samulack, President of U.S. Operations, and Aditya Vadrevu, Senior Manager of
Services and Quality, attended a range of discussions on issues relevant to you, the author. The topics included authorship,
citation, peer review, ethics, and open access. Here are some key highlights from the conference that are most relevant to the
researcher community.
Peer Review
While several studies presented an analysis of peer review from the viewpoint of quality and efficiency in the journal workflow,
perhaps the ost i teresti g fro a authors perspe ti e as a odel of statisti al re ie ei g used y jour als like
the Annals of Internal Medicine. Here, authors get to address and respond to specific statistical review comments from a
specialized statistician who is asked to review manuscripts pre-selected by the journal editor and peer reviewer. Most authors
are reported to have found significant improvements in their paper after this type of statistical review. Moreover, authors find
that incorporating and responding to the statistical review comments involves considerable effort but is justified by the degree
of improvement in the paper.
Authorship
With rapid changes in technology and journal workflow supporting online publication, are authors becoming more accepting of
journals that publish online-only issues? A study among two prominent journals in the US and Norway showed that some
authors are indeed open to online-only publication, but a significant percentage would like the decision of whether the article is
published in print or online to be made by an editor with the right of refusal or jointly by the editor and author.
Citations
Coercive citationa practice where the journal editor pressurizes the author to i lude itatio s fro the editors jour alwas
a topic of active discussion during the conference. Researchers from the Netherlands investigated the impact of coercive
citation on the impact factor of a group of business journals. The study showed that the proportion of self-citations to these
journals was indeed boosted by the practice of coercive citation. Might this kind of a study then be extended to other areas or
journals? Or to a point where we begin to define ways of checking and correcting coercive citation?
Ethics
As expected, the sessions on ethics invited the most enthusiastic participation and comments. Two themes stood out in these
sessions: duplicate publication and plagiarism. Research on duplicate publication shows

that while the Medical Subject Headings of the National Library of Medicine indicate duplicate publication as a separate type
of publication, journals are not prompt in correcting the papers identified. A call was made for the publishing community to be
more vigilant about duplicate publication. A separate set of studies examined the growing role of software tools in the journal
pro ess for dete ti g plagiaris . While these tools are ei g adopted a ti ely as part of the jour als orkflo , leading
publishers like PLoS still find the need for human judgment in the decision.