THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

Chapter - 1

Introduction

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

1.1.

PEC14HV5P

INTRODUCTION

Power Electronics deals with the application of solid state power semiconductor devices for the
control and conversion of electric power. Conversion techniques require the switching ON and
OFF of power semiconductor devices.
Modern Power Electronics started with the invention of SCR commonly known as thyristor in
1956. The SCR is a four layer PNPN semiconductor switching device with three terminals
namely anode (A), cathode (K) and gate (G). It is operated as a bistable switch.
Also SCRs are solid state devices, they are compact, posses high reliability and have low loss.
Because of these useful features, SCR is almost universally employed these days for all high
power controlled devices.
Features of PEC16HV2B & PEC14HV5P
1.

The module can be used to study the operation of three phase half and fully controlled
bridge converter.

2.

Facilities are provided for switching ON/OFF, the AC supply to the converter circuit with
fuse and miniature circuit beaker protection.

3.

Various circuit configurations can be wired by interconnecting the devices using patch
chords.

4.

Various Test points to observe waveforms at various stages of operation.

5.

Proper terminations are provided to connect pulse signal from triggering circuit to the
device module.

This manual is intended to give you description of three phase half and fully controlled bridge
converter and also the experimental procedures involved in practical implementation of these
circuits using chopper/inverter PWM controller(PEC16HV2B) and three phase SCR device
module (PEC14HV5P).

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

Chapter-2

About Our Trainer

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

2.1

PICTORIAL VIEW

2.1.1

Pictorial View

PEC14HV5P

Specification
Power supply

+5V

Controller

dsPIC

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

2.1.2

PEC14HV5P

PEC14HV5P

Specification
1.

Power Input

440V AC, 50Hz.

2.

Fuse

5 Amps.

3.

SCR

1600V, 95 Amps.

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

2.2

PEC14HV5P

FRONT PANEL VIEW

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

2.2.2

PEC14HV5P

PEC14HV5P

Figure - 2 . Front Panel View (PEC14HV5P)

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

2.3

FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION

2.3.1

PEC16HV2B

PEC14HV5P

Power ON/OFF

To switch ON/OFF power to the controller Module.

Display section

To display the program execution mode.

To increment the set value.

To decrement the set value.

No connection.

To select the program

To reset the system.

1, 2, ...6

Test point to check PWM signals.

15 pin connector

To interface PWM signal from controller module with the IGBT

power module.

9 pin connectors

For programming, to interface with motor and the other is

optional.

2.4

PEC14HV5P (Device)

The front panel of single phase SCR device module consists of the following,
1.

The MCB ON/OFF switch is provided to control the input AC mains supply to the
module.

2.

The connectors are provided for connecting three phase AC input to the module.

3.

One number of fuse is provided in the input AC supply for protection.

4.

The presence of 440V AC supply is indicated by the provision of neon lamp in the front
panel.

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

2.5

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

2.5.1

Block Diagram

PEC14HV5P

Figure - 4. Block Diagram

The block diagram consists of
1.

Pulse Generation

2.

Pulse Amplification and Isolation

3.

Power Circuit

4.

Load

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

2.5.2

Block Diagram Description

1.

Pulse Generation

PEC14HV5P

Pulse generation block consists of dspic 4011 micro controller and related circuit for generating
pulses. The pulses are generated corresponding to the selection of program through keypad.
2.

Pulse Amplification and Isolation

It is also called driver circuit. The pulse signal from firing circuit may not be able to turn ON
SCR. So the pulse signal is given to the pulse amplifier for their amplification. This amplified
pulses are fed to the pulse transformer. The pulse transformer isolates the control circuit from
power circuit. Otherwise high power components may damage the low power firing circuit
components.
3.

Power Circuit

The Power circuit consists of two legged converter circuit which can be wired to form single
phase half and fully controlled bridge converter circuit and single phase AC voltage regulator
circuit. The firing pulse from the pulse input is fed to the gate of the SCR. The output from the
power circuit is given to the load.
4.

Load

Load may be either R load or RL Load or motor load. In R load, current waveform will follow
the load voltage waveform. A free wheeling diode is used to avoid the back emf from the load
when the load connected is of motor load .

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

2.6

PEC14HV5P

DATASHEET

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

2.7.

PEC14HV5P

Protection & Precaution

Protection
1.

Fuse is provided to protect the trainer from over current fault.

2.

RC Snubber circuit is provided to protect the SCR.

3.

MCB is provided to protect the circuit in case of single phase AC input over
current faults.

Precaution
1.

Before doing connections make all switches in OFF position.

2.

Do not view the input AC waveform & Output DC waveform with CRO in dual
mode.

3.

3N AC input to the device module should be given through a Variac.

4.

Before switch ON power supply ensure the debounce logic switch is in OFF
condition.

5.

Ensure pulse signals should be patched correctly to the switches in device

module.

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

Chapter-3

Theoretical Concept
(This section is solely to explain the theoretical details of SCR converter/regulator circuit
by considering the ideal conditions which may vary for practical conditions. So some
difference may be seen between the ideal responses to the practical responses of our
trainer.)

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

3.

PEC14HV5P

THREE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER

Three phase converters are extensively used in industrial applications upto the 120 KW level,
where two quadrant operation is required.
(a)

With resistive load

Three phase full converter with resistive load

Figure shows a full-converter circuit with resistive load. Three phase converter input is three
supply lines (R, Y, B) no neutral being required.
This circuit consists of two groups of SCRs, positive group and negative group. The positive
group SCRs are turned ON when the supply voltage are positive and negative group SCRs are
turned-on when the supply voltage are negative. If SCR T1 is triggered at a particular instant,
it can conduct provided there is a return path for the current. Since phase B is the maximum
negative, the return path should be to phase Y. That means SCR T5 must be triggered
simultaneously with SCR T1. Similarly, when phase Y has the highest value, SCR- T2 and SCRT6 and when phase B has the highest value SCR T3 must be triggered simultaneously.
OPERATIONS
It can be classified as
i.

Continuous conduction mode (0 # " # B/3)

ii.

Discontinuous conduction mode (B/3 # " 2B/3 )

" -- Firing angle of thyristor

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

(i)

PEC14HV5P

Continuous conduction mode (0 # " # B/3)

When the phase R and phase Y are all over to conduct at " between zero to B/3, it continuous
to conduct by 60 when the phase B is fired. The condition is shifted from SCR T5 to SCR T6.
The phases R&B conducts after another 60 after which it is replaced by phases Y and B when
phase Y voltage assumes greater value than B or R. Hence load current is continuous for "
between 0 and B/3. The waveforms are shown in the figure (3b).

Wave Form of Full Converter with Resistive Load

ii)

Discontinuous conduction mode (B/3 # " 2B/3 )

When (B/3 # " 2B/3 ), the phases R and Y conducts upto angle B after which both the thyristor
T1 and T5 are commutated off due to natural commutation and after 60 when T6 and T1 are
fired, phase R and B conducts also upto angle B to the next firing pulse and becomes
discontinuous.
(b)

With R-L Load:

The power circuit diagram of the three phase fully controlled converter with R-L load is shown
in fig (4a). The related waveforms for this power diagram are shown in fig (4b). The firing angle
for the thyristor T1 is measured from 30 with reference to the positive half cycle of the phase
voltage Va. In a similar manner the thyristor T2 and T3 are turned ON taking the respective
phase Voltage Vb and Vc into account. The negative group thyristor T4, T5 and T6 are turned
on 180 after the positive group thyristors T1, T2 and T3 are turned on respectively.

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

3 Phase Full Converter with R-L Load

Mode of operation

Conducting SCRs

Mode 0

53

Mode 1

15

Mode 2

61

Mode 3

26

Mode 4

42

Mode 5

34

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SCRs to be fired

Outgoing SCR

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

MODEL GRAPH

4.

THREE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER R- LOAD

Three phase half converter Bridge rectifier with R load

Figure shows the circuit diagram of three phase half controlled bridge rectifier. The frequency
of the output voltage of this converter is 3fs. This converter contains three thyristor in three arms
and diodes in the other three arms. The waveforms for input voltages, output voltage input
current and the through the thyristors and diodes are shown in the figure. The delay angle ", can
be varied from 0 to B. During the period B/6 # Tt # 7B/6, thyristor T1 is forward biased. If T1
is fired at Tt = B/6 +", T1 and D1 Conduct and line to line voltage Vac appears across the load.

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

Output Waveform(R-Load)

Output waveforms Three phase half-controlled bridge rectifier with R -load

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

R-L LOAD

Three phase half-controller converter with inductive load

Free wheeling mode of operation of bridge connected rectifier can be realized by replacing half
of its thyristors with diodes. Therefore, circuit of three phase half controlled bridge converter
contains three thyristor in three arms and diodes in the other three arms. The circuit diagram of
the three phase symmetrical half controlled bridge is shown in the figure. Here the asymmetrical
configuration is not used because it introduces imbalance in line currents on the RB side. The
circuit can be looked at as a three phase half disable diode circuit in series with a three- phase
half wave phase controlled thyristor circuit. The diodes D1, D2 and D3 conduct each for 120,
starting from the instants corresponding to the intersection of phases R and B, Y and R, B and
Y voltage respectively.
The two modes of operation with this circuits.
i.

Mode-I: Continuous Conduction Mode

For "# 60, the continuous conduction mode is possible as shown in the waveform. As shown
in the fig (6a), at instant P, thyristor T1, is triggered with a firing angle a # 60, since phase R-Y
has the highest valve compared to other phases, thyristor T1 becomes ON, therefore, the load
current would flow from phase A through SCR T1, through load and to diode D2 to phase Y, that
is current has the path R-SR T1, L-R-D2-Y.
After phase (R-Y), phase (R-B) has the highest value. Therefore, the current return path shifts
from phase Y to B, that is SCR T1 continuos to conduct but current charges over from diode D2
to D3. Therefore SCR T1 conducts for 120 ohm which is the maximum conduction period of
the SCRs. In fig (6b) the conduction regions of all the devices are shown. Also for "# 60, the
output voltage will never become negative. The output voltage waveform repeat for every 120.

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

Continuous Conduction Mode

Continuous conduction mode

ii)

Model-II Discontinuous conduction mode

For "# 60, Discontinuous conduction mode occurs as shown in figure. It can be observed from
the waveforms that the output voltage becomes zero during a part of the output voltage period
because of the free wheeling action. It can be easily noted from the waveforms that the free
wheeling period is (" - B/3). Therefore the supply current flows for the period (B-") in each half
cycle. As " increases the duration of the supply current pulse decreases. Therefore the harmonic
content in the source current increases as the firing angle " increases.

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

Chapter-4

Experimental Section

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

EXPERIMENT-1

PEC14HV5P

TO STUDY THE OPERATION OF THREE PHASE SCR

REGULATOR

AIM
To study the operation of three phase SCR regulator by using three phase SCR power module.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1.

Chopper /Inverter PWM controller (PEC16HV2B).

2.

SCR Power module (PEC14HV5P).

3.

Load.

4.

Patch cards.

CONNECTION PROCEDURE
1.

Connect the power module and controller module to the supply main.

2.

Connect 3N AC input supply to the power module.

3.

Connect PWM output of the controller module to PWM input of the power module using
pulse cable.

4.

Connect the K1 terminal to A2 terminal.

5.

Connect the K3 terminal to A4 terminal.

6.

Connect the K5 terminal to A6 terminal.

7.

Connect (G1,K1), (G2,K2), (G3,K3), (G4,K4), (G5,K5), (G6,K6) terminals of pulse

isolator section to corresponding terminals of SCR power circuit

8.

Connect the load terminal R to K1(SCR1) terminal.

9.

Connect the load terminal Y to K3(SCR3) terminal.

10.

Connect the load terminal B to K5(SCR5) terminal

11.

Connect the supply main neutral to load neutral.

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

CONNECTION DIAGRAM
THREE PHASE REGULATOR MODE

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1.

Verify the connection as per the connection procedure.

2.

Switch on the power ON/OFF switch in both the three phase SCR power module and the
controller module.

3.

Switch on the MCB of 3N SCR power module.

4.

Now the LCD displays the following one by one with a delay of few seconds.

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1. THREE PHASE SCR

REGULATOR
2. THREE PHASE SCR
CONVERTER

4.

Now select Three phase SCR regulator by using increment key ,the LCD will display as
below.
SINGLE PHASE SCR
REGULATOR
Firing Angle = 0

5.

Vary the firing angle 0 to 180 by using the increment key and decrement key. The voltage
can be varied from minimum to maximum .

RESULT
Thus the operation of three phase SCR regulator by using three phase SCR power module has
been studied.

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

EXPERIMENT-2

PEC14HV5P

TO STUDY THE OPERATION OF THREE PHASE SCR

CONVERTER.

AIM
To study the operation of three phase converter using three phase SCR power module.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1.

Chopper/Inverter PWM controller (PEC16HV2B).

2.

SCR Power module (PEC14HV5P).

3.

R-L Load.

4.

Patch cards.

CONNECTION PROCEDURE
1.

Connect the power module and controller module to the supply main.

2.

Connect 3N AC input supply to the power module.

3.

Connect PWM output of the controller module to PWM input of the power module using
pulse cable.

4.

Connect the K1 terminal to K3 and K5 terminal.

5.

Connect the A2 terminal to A4 and A6 terminal.

6.

Connect (G1, K1), (G2, K2), (G3, K3), (G4, K4), (G5, K5), (G6, K6) G6,K6) terminals
of pulse isolator section to corresponding terminals of SCR power circuit.

7.

Connect the R-L load across the K5 and A6 terminals.

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

CONNECTION DIAGRAM
THREE PHASE SCR CONVERTER MODE:

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THREE PHASE SCR MODULE

PEC14HV5P

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1.

Verify the connection as per the connection procedure.

2.

Switch on the power ON/OFF switch in both the three phase SCR power module and the
controller module.

3.

Switch on the MCB of three phase SCR power module.

4.

Now the LCD displays the following one by one with a delay of few seconds,

Vi Microsystems Pvt. Ltd.,

1. THREE PHASE SCR

REGULATOR
2. THREE PHASE SCR
CONVERTER

4.

Now select Three phase SCR converter by using increment key ,the LCD will display as
below.
SINGLE PHASE SCR BASED
CONVERTER
Firing Angle = 0

5.

Vary the firing angle 0 to 180 by using the increment key and decrement key. The voltage
can be varied from minimum to maximum .

RESULT
Thus the operation of three phase converter using three phase SCR power module has been
studied.

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