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Para Jumbles

Para jumbles, simply put, are jumbled paragraphs. A paragraph is given


but the sentences are not in the right order. It's up to the examinee to
untie this knot and rearrange the sentences so that they logically make
sense. The number of sentences can be four, five or even six.
Example:
Directions: The sentences given below, when properly sequenced,
form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labeled with a letter.
Choose the most logical order of sentences from the given
choices to construct a coherent paragraph.

A. This is now orthodoxy to which I subscribe up to a point.


B. It emerged from the mathematics of chance and statistics
C. Therefore the risk is measurable and manageable.
D. The fundamental concept: Prices are not predictable, but the
mathematical laws of chance can describe their fluctuations.
E. This is how what business schools now call modern finance was born.

a). ADCBE b.)EBDCA

c).ABDCE

d.). DCBEA

The approaches for PARAJUMBLES


1. Acronym Approach full form vs. short form
The rule is that if both full form as well as short form is present in different
sentences, then the sentence containing full form will come before the
sentence containing short form.
Example:
1. If you are used to having your stimulation come in from outside, your
mind never develops its own habits of thinking and reflecting
2. Marx thought that religion was the opiate, because it soothed
people's pain and suffering and prevented them from rising in rebellion
3. If Karl Marx was alive today, he would say that television is the opiate of
the people.
4. Television and similar entertainments are even more of an opiate
because of their addictive tendencies.
A. 2134

B. 1423

C. 2431

D. 3241

Answer:
Sentence 2 has Marx (short Form) and sentence 3 has Karl Marx (Full
form). So 3 will come before 2. Now look at the options. In A, B and C, 2 is
placed before 3-hence rejected. D is the right answer.
2. Time Sequence Approach TSA
Be aware of the time indication either by giving dates or years - or by
using time indicating words. Arrange the sentences using their proper
time sequence. Here are a few time sequence indicating words Before,
after, later, when
Example :
1. Then two astronomersthe German, Johannes Kepler, and the Italian,
Galileo Galilei-started publicly to support the Copernican theory, despite
the fact that the orbits it predicted did not quite match the ones observed.

2. His idea was that the sun was stationary at the centre and that the
earth and the planets move in circular orbits around the sun.

3. A simple model was proposed in 1514 by a Polish priest, Nicholas


Copernicus.

4. Nearly a century passed before this idea was taken seriously.

A. 3421

B. 3241

C. 2314

D. 3142

Answer:
Answer is 3241
The 3rd sentence talks about the time event and other time vents follow it
in a chronological order. So option A is Best choice
3.Central Theme Approach (CTA) -Always spot the central theme of
each Para Jumble. The flow of the story/dialogue goes a long way in
piecing together the paragraph in the correct order.

4.Noun, Pronoun, and Demonstrative Adjective NPDA Approach


If a sentence has a personal pronoun (he, she, they, him, her, it)
without mentioning the person, place or object it is referring to,
mark it in your head and scan the paragraph for the original person,
place or object that it refers to.
Look for demonstrative pronouns --- this, that, these, those, etc. We
need to figure out what 'this' refers to and the sentence containing
the original 'this' will come before this sentence.
Adjectives like simpler, better, cleverer etc are comparative.
Hence they always hold a relation to other things. Such adjectives
can also be of good help in solving Para Jumbles.
5.Opening Closing Sentence Approach OCSA
OCS is particularly useful in parajumbles where opening sentence is not
given
General characteristics of an opening sentence

Mostly, it will introduce an idea in the first hand.

Sentences containing words like although, though, if, until, since,


but, after, alternatively, besides, then, yet, because, consequently,
notwithstanding, and, when, meanwhile, so, however, for, whoever,
whatever, whenever, nevertheless, therefore, furthermore, whereas,
moreover etc. are almost never the opening ones. They mostly refer
to people or events mentioned in previous sentences.

In most of the cases , an opening sentence will use indefinite


article a/an. i.e. if both definite and indefinite articles are used for
the same noun then the sentence containing noun with indefinite
article a/an will come first (may be opening sentence).The sentence
can stand alone

6. Example Approach: If there are two sentences, one containing an


idea and another giving example of the same idea then the sentence
containing the idea should come before the sentence containing the
examples. But they need not necessarily be exactly side by side.
Example
A: Russia possesses the largest stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction
in the world.

B: 489 missiles carrying up to 1,788 warheads and 12 submarines carrying


up to 609 warheads form a looming threat.
A will come before B in this case, even though there might be sentences
in between.
7. Indicating Words Approach (IWA )
Some words indicates some specific nature of sentences that will come
before or that will follow. Look for the words like But, So, Therefore, And
,However and try to think what they are indicating.
8. Elimination Approach- / Free Fall Approach
Develop a high reading speed and scan all 4-5 sentences. Try to get a feel
of what the passage is about. Then scan the answer options. Are they of
any help?

If , for example the options are:


d) CBDA

a) BDAC b) BCAD c) CABD

then we know for sure that this paragraph has to start either with B or C. A
quick look at B and C will tell you which one looks like a better opening
sentence and already your choices will be halved.

Similarly, if the options are:


d) ACDB

a) BDCA b) CDBA c) DCAB

then we know that it has to end with either B or A. So browse sentences A


and B and see if any one of them looks like a concluding sentence.

There might be other indicators to keep an eye out for. For example
if three of the five options start with A and the other two with C/B/D
there is a good probability that A is the starting sentence.

If, say, a link CB occurs in more than 2 options then it is something


worth paying attention to.

Useful Tips

Focus on improving the reading skills.- For every PJ you


solve, plug a sentence from the PJ into Google which will throw up
the source of that PJ or similar articles. Read up that article fully.
This will broaden the base of your reading.

Try to improve the cognitive ability. For example : Go to


a random website article. Go immediately to the second paragraph

and after reading it, try to guess what the author could have
possibly said in the previous paragraph and the next paragraph.

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