International Journal of Mathematics and Computer

Applications Research (IJMCAR)

ISSN(P): 2249-6955; ISSN(E): 2249-8060
Vol. 6, Issue 1, Feb 2016, 17-30
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

A STUDY ON THE JACOBSON RADICAL OF A TERNARY -SEMIRING

M. SAJANI LAVANYA1, D. MADHUSUDHANA RAO2 & V. SYAM JULIUS RAJENDRA3
1,2
2

Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, A. C. College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Head, Department of Mathematics, V. S. R & N.V.R. College, Tenali, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
In this paper we will study the Jacobson radical of a ternary -semiring by using ternary -semi modules. In
section 2, we first give some preliminaries. In section 3, we will introduce and study the primitive ternary -semiring.
In section 4, we will study the Jacobson radical of a ternary -semiring and the Jacobson semi simple ternary semiring
2010 AMS Classification: 06D72, 16Y30, 20N10
KEYWORDS: Ternary -Semiring, Irreducible, Semi-Irreducible and Faithful Ternary T-Semi Modules, Primitive
Ternary -Semiring, Jacobson Radical

1. INTRODUCTION
The theory of ternary algebraic systems was studied by LEHMER [3] in 1932, but earlier such structures
were investigated and studied by PRUFER [5] in 1924. In 1929 BAER [1] who gave the idea of n-ary algebras. In

Case Study

Received: Dec 25, 2015; Accepted: Dec 30, 2015; Published: Jan 20, 2016; Paper Id.: IJMCARFEB20163

2004, T.K. Dutta and S. Kar[2] were studied the Jacobson radical of a ternary semiring. In 2015, M. Sajani
Lavanya, D. Madhusudhana Rao and V. Syam Julius Rajendra [6, 7, and 8] were investigated and studied about
ternary
-semiring. For notions and terminologies not given in this paper, the reader is referred to Sajani Lavanya,
Madhusudhana Rao, and Syam Julius Rajendra [6, 7, and 8].

2. PRELIMINARIES
Definition 2.1(Sajani Lavanya, Madhusudana Rao and syam Julius Rajendra [7]): Let T and be
two additive commutative semi groups. T is said to be a Ternary -semiring if there exist a mapping from T
T T to T which maps ( x1 ,

, x2 , , x3 ) [ x1 x2 x3 ] satisfying the conditions :

i) [[a b c]d e] = [a [b c d] e] = [a b [c d e]]

ii) [(a + b) c d] = [a c d] + [b c d]
iii) [a (b + c)d] = [a b d] + [a c d]
iv) [a b (c + d)] = [a b c] + [a b d] for all a, b, c, d T and , , , .
Definition 2.2: (Sajani Lavanya, Madhusudana Rao and syam Julius Rajendra [7]: A ternary semiring T is said to be commutative ternary -semiring provided abc = bca = cab = bac = cba =

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M. Sajani Lavanya, D. Madhusudhana Rao & V. Syam Julius Rajendra

acbf or all a, b, c T.
Definition 2.3: (Sajani Lavanya, Madhusudana Rao and syam Julius Rajendra [6]: An element 0of a ternary
-semiring T is said to be an absorbingzero of T provided 0 + x = x = x + 0and 0 a b = a 0b = a b 0 = 0 a, b, x
T and , .
Note 2.4.Throughout this paper, T will always denote a ternary -semiring with zero and unless otherwise stated a
ternary -semiring means a ternary -semiring with zero.
Definition 2.5: (Sajani Lavanya, Madhusudana Rao and syam Julius Rajendra [7]: An element ai of a ternary
-semiring T is said to be an identity provided

i =1

i =1

i =1

ai i ai it = ai it i ai = t i ai i ai = t t T, i,

. In

this case the ternary -semiring is said to be a ternary -semiring with identity.
Definition 2.6: (Sajani Lavanya, Madhusudana Rao and syam Julius Rajendra [8]: Let T be ternary semiring. A non empty subset S is said to be a ternary sub -semiring of T if S is an additive subsemigroup of T and
a b c S for all a, b, c S and , .
Definition 2.7: (Sajani Lavanya, Madhusudana Rao and syam Julius Rajendra [8: A nonempty subset A of a
ternary -semiring T is said to be ternary -ideal of T if
(1) a, b A a + b A
(2) b, c T , a A, , b c a A, b a c A, a b c A.
Definition 2.8: (Dutta. T. K. and Kar. S [2]): A ternary -ideal I of T is said to be a k-ternary -ideal if x + y I,
x T, yI implies that x I.
Definition 2.9: (Dutta. T. K. and Kar. S [2]): A ternary -ideal I of T is said to be a h-ternary -ideal provided x
+ y1 + z = y1 + z; x, z T and y1, y2 I implies that x I.
Clearly, every h-ternary -ideal is a k-ternary -ideal of T and the intersection of an arbitrary collection of hternary -ideals is again an h-ternary -ideal of T.
Let
by A =
if A =

be

ternary

-ideal

of

T.

Then

the

k-closure

of

A,

denoted

by A ,

is

defined

{a T : a + b = c for some b, c A} . We note that a ternary -ideal A of S is a k-ternary -ideal if and only

A.

3. PRIMITIVE TERNARY -SEMIRING

Definition 3.1: An equivalence relation on T is said to be a ternary -congruence relation or simply a congruence of T if the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) a a And b b ( a + b) ( a + b) as well as
(ii) a a , b b and c c ( a b c ) ( a b c) For all a , a , b, b, c, c T , , .
The condition (ii) of the above definition is equivalent to the following condition:
Impact Factor (JCC): 4.6257

NAAS Rating: 3.80

A Study on the Jacobson Radical of a Ternary -Semiring

19

(ii) a a ( a b c ) ( a b c), (b a c ) (b a c ), (b c a ) (b c a) .
Definition 3.2: Let A be a proper ternary -ideal of T. Then the -congruence on T , denoted by
by t t if and only if

t + a1 = t + a2

for some

and defined

a1 , a2 A , is called the Bourne Ternary -Congruence on T defined

by the ternary -ideal A.

We denote the Bourne ternary -congruence

( I )

class of an element t of T by

denote the set of all such ternary -congruence classes of T by

T / I

t / I

or simply by t / A and

or simply by T / A . We observe here that for any

s T and for any proper ternary -ideal A of T, s / A T / A is not necessarily equal to s + I = {s + a : a I}.
Definition 3.3: For any proper ternary -ideal of T if the Bourne ternary -congruence I , defined by A, is
proper i.e. 0 / A T , then we can define the operations, addition and ternary multiplication on T / A
by a / A + b / A = ( a + b) / A and ( a / A) (b / A) (c / A) = ( a b c ) / A for all a, b, c T,

. With these

two operations, we see that T / A is a ternary -semiring and we call this ternary -semiring the Bourne factor ternary semiring or simply the factor ternary -semiring.
Definition 3.4: Let S and T be two ternary -semirings. Let f be a mapping which maps from S to T. Then f is
said to be a ternary -homomorphism of S into T if
(i) f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) And
(ii) f ( a b c ) = f (a ) f (b) f (c) For all a , b, c T , , .
If f is both one-one and onto then f is called a -isomorphism
Definition 3.5: An additive commutative semigroup M with a zero element

0M

is said to be a right ternary T-

semimodule if there exist a mapping M T T M , denoted by ( x, , a, , b ) x a b , which satisfies

the following conditions for all elements x, y M , a , b, c, d T , , , , :

(i ) ( x + y ) a b = x a b + y a b
(ii ) x a (b + c) = x a b + x a c
(iii ) x (a + b) c = x a c + x b c
(iv) ( x a b) c d = x (a b c) d = x a (b c d )
(v) 0 M a b = 0 M = x a 0T = x 0T b.
n

In addition to the above conditions if

m a a
i =1

= m holds for all m M, where ai is an identity element of T,

then M is said to be a unitary right ternary T-semimodule.

Similarly, a left ternary T-semimodule can be defined.
Example 3.6: Every ternary -semiring T is a right ternary T-semimodule under the right ternary multiplication

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M. Sajani Lavanya, D. Madhusudhana Rao & V. Syam Julius Rajendra

in the ternary -semiring T.

Example 3.7: Let
integers. Then I 2

M 2 (Z ) be the ternary -semiring of all 22 square matrices over Z-, the set of all negative

a b

=
: a, b Z forms a right ternary T-semimodule over M 2 (Z )
0 0

Example 3.7: Let D be a division ternary -semiring. Let

M p ,q ( D) denote the additive semigroup of all pq

matrices whose entries are form D and Dp be the set of all p-tuples of elements of D. Then Dp as well as
made in natural way into T-semimodule for

M p ,q ( D) can be

= M p , q ( D) and T = M q , p ( D).

Definition 3.8: A nonempty subset N of a right ternary T-semimodule M is said to be a ternary sub Tsemimodule of M provided (i) a + b N, (ii) a s t N, (iii) N contains the zero of M for all a, b N, s, t T and for all ,
.
Most of the results on a ternary semiring S can be established for a right ternary S-semimodule M with some mild
modifications. For example, every ternary h-sub semimodule is a k-sub semimodule of M.
Definition 3.9: Let M and N be two right ternary T-semimodules and a mapping from M into N. Then is
said to be a T-homomorphism of M into N if (a + b) = (a) + (b) and ( a s t ) = ( a ) s t for all a, b M, s,
t T and , .
Definition

3.10:

right

ternary

T-semimodule

is

said

to

be

additively

cancellative

if

a + b = a + c implies that b= c for all a, b, c M. In this case M is called additively cancellative right ternary Tsemimodule. Similarly, we can define additively cancellative ternary -semiring.
Note 3.11: In an additively cancellative ternary -semiring the concept of h-ternary -ideal and k-ternary -ideal
coincide.
Definition

3.12:

The

zeroid

of

ternary

-semiring

T,

denoted

by

(T),

is

defined

as

Z (T ) = { x T : x + z = z for some z T } . Clearly, the zero element 0T of T is a member of Z (T).

Lemma 3.13: The zeroid Z (T) of a ternary -semiring T is an h-ternary -ideal of T.
Proof: Let
t1 + t2

t1 , t2 Z (T )

then

+ r1 + r2 = r1 + r2

Let s , t T ,

t1 + t2 = r1

and

t2 + r2 = r2

for some

r1 , r2 T

, since addition is commutative and hence t1 + t2 Z (T ) .

, , then t1 s t + r1 s t = (t1 + r1 ) s t = r1 s t

and so r1 s t Z (T ) Hence Z

(T) is a right ternary -ideal of T.

In a similar manner we can prove Z(T) is a left ternary -ideal as well as lateral ternary
-ideal of T. Therefore Z (T) is a ternary -ideal of T.
Suppose that

r + s1 + t = s2 + t;

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.6257

where

r , t T and s1 , s2 Z (T ).
NAAS Rating: 3.80

A Study on the Jacobson Radical of a Ternary -Semiring

Since s1 , s2 Z (T ), s1 + t1
Now

21

= t1 and s2 + t2 = t2

r + s1 + t = s2 + t r + s1 + t1 + t + t2 = s2 + t2 + t1 + t

r + t1 + t + t2 = t2 + t + t1 = t1 + t + t2 r Z (T ) .
Therefore Z (T) is an h-ternary -ideal of T.
Remark 3.14: The zeroid of a ternary -semiring T is the smallest h-ternary -ideal of T.
Definition 3.15: Let M be a right ternary T-semimodule.
We put (0 : M ) =

{ x T : msx = 0 and mxs = 0 m M

and s T } .

Then we call (0: M) the annihilator of M in T, denoted by AT (M ) .

Note 3.16: The zeroid Z (T) of T is contained in AT (M ) .

AT (M )

Lemma 3.17:

Proof: Clearly,

m x s = 0

for all

is an h-ternary -ideal of T.

AT (M )

is an additive sub semigroup of T. Suppose x AT (M ) , then m s x = 0 and

and , . Now for all

m M , s T

m M , r , s, t T

and , , , ,

mr ( xst ) = ( mr x )st = 0
And m ( xst )r = ( mxs )t r = 0 . Thus
Similarly, we can show that
Hence

AT (M )

stx AT (M )

and

xst AT (M )
sxt AT (M )

for all s, t T
for all s, t T.

is a ternary -ideal of T.

We now show that

AT (M )

is an h-ternary -ideal of T.

For this purpose, we let x + t1 +

Since t1 , t2 AT ( M ) ,

y = t2 + y , where x, y T and t1 , t2 AT (M ) .

mtt1 = mt1t = 0 and mtt2 = mt2t = 0

For all m M and for all t T .

Now x + t1 +

y = t2 + y mtx + mtt1 + mty = mtt2 + mty

This leads to m t x = 0 , since

mtt1 = mtt2 = 0

and M is additively cancellative. Similarly, we can

show that m x t = 0 for all m M and for all x, t T .

Thus

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x AT (M )

and hence

AT (M )

is an h-ternary -ideal of T.

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M. Sajani Lavanya, D. Madhusudhana Rao & V. Syam Julius Rajendra

Remark 3.18: Since every h-ternary -ideal is a k-ternary -ideal of T.

Definition 3.19: A right ternary T-semimodule M is said to be faithful if

Z (T ) = AT ( M ).

Definition 3.20: A right ternary T-semimodule M {0} is said to be irreducible if for every arbitrary fixed pair

u1 , u2 M

u1 u2

with

and

for

xM

any

1 , 2 ,....., n , 1 , 2 ,.....m , 1 , 2 ,....., n , 1 , 2 ,....., m

and

there

exist

a1 , a2 ,.....an , b1 , b2 ,....., bm ,

c1 , c2 ,....., cn , d1 , d2 ,....., dm T Such that

n

i =1

j =1

x + u1 i ai ibi + u2 j c j j d j =

i =1

j =1

u1 j c j j d j + u2i ai ibi .

Lemma 3.21: Let I be an h-ternary -ideal of a ternary -semiring T. If M is an irreducible right ternary

(T / I ) -semimodule then M is an irreducible right ternary T -semimodule.

Proof: Suppose that M is an irreducible right ternary (T / I ) semimodule. Then we can define a ternary action on M by mst = m ( s / I ) (t / I ) for all m M and for all s, t T, and this makes M into an irreducible right
ternary T-semimodule.
The converse of the lemma 3.21 is not necessarily true. But in particular we have the following theorem.
Theorem 3.22: If M is an irreducible right ternary T -semimodule then M is an irreducible right ternary

(T / AT ( M )) -semimodule, where T / AT (M )
Proof:

Suppose

is

an

is a factor ternary -semiring.

irreducible

right

ternary

T-semimodule.

We

define

ternary

-action on M as follows: m ( s / I ) (t / I ) = mst where I = AT (M ) , for all m M and for all s, t T.

We

now

show

t + i1 + z1 = t + i2 + z1

that

the

is

well

defined.

If

t / AT (M ) = t / AT ( M )

and z1 T

t + i1 + z1 = t + i2 + z1 mst + msi1 + msz1 = mst + msi2 + msz1 for

s / AT ( M ) = s / AT ( M )

Since i3 , i4 AT ( M ) , so

then

msi1 = msi2 = 0.

and s T which implies that mst = mst

Again if

definition

for some i1 , i2 AT (M )

Since i1 , i2 AT (M ) , we have
Now

above

then

all m M

(1)

s + i3 + z2 = s + i4 + z2

for some

i3 , i4 AT ( M )

and

z2 T .

mi3t = mi4t = 0. Also 0 + i3 + z2 = s + i4 + z2

mst + mi3t + mz2 t = mst + mi4t + mz2 t for all m M and t T which implies
that mst = ms t

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.6257

(2)

NAAS Rating: 3.80

A Study on the Jacobson Radical of a Ternary -Semiring

23

From (1) and (2), it follows that m s t = ms t .

Thus

m(s / AT (M ))(t / AT (M )) = m( s / AT (M ))(t / AT ( M )) mst = ms t

and hence the

above definition is well defined. Now it is easy to see that the above definition makes M into an irreducible right ternary

(T / AT ( M )) -semimodule.
Lemma 3.23: A right ternary T-semimodule M is a faithful (T/AT (M)) -semimodule.
Proof: To prove M is faithful we need to show that AT / AT ( M ) ( M ) = Z (T
From note 3.16, we see that
For the converse part, we let
Then m(t /

/ AT (M )).

Z (T / AT (M )) AT / AT ( M ) ( M ).
x / AT (M ) AT / AT ( M ) ( M ).

AT ( M ))( x / AT (M )) = 0 and m( x / AT (M ))(t / AT ( M )) = 0

i. e. m t x = 0 and m x t = 0 for all m M and for all t T

Thus

x AT (M ) and hence x / AT ( M ) = 0 / AT (M ).

Consequently,
Thus

x / AT (M ) Z (T / AT (M )) and so AT / AT ( M ) (M ) Z (T / AT (M )).

AT / AT ( M ) (M ) = Z (T / AT (M )). Hence the lemma is proved.

Lemma 3.24: If P is an h-ternary -ideal of a ternary -semiring T, then Z (T / P ) = {0} where T/P is a
factor ternary -semiring.
Proof: Suppose s/P Z (T / P ) . Then we have s/P + t/P = t/P for some t/P T/P. This implies that (s + t)/P =
t/P which implies that

s + t + i1 = t1 + t2 for some i1 , i2 P.

this shows that s P, since P is an h-ternary -ideal of T.

Consequently, s/P = 0/P. Thus Z (T / P ) = {0}.

Definition 3.25: A ternary -semiring T is said to be primitive if it has a faithful irreducible ternary Tsemimodule.

ternary

-ideal

is

said

to

be

primitive

if

the

factor

ternary

-semiring T/P is primitive. Hence a ternary -semiring T is primitive if {0} is a primitive ternary -ideal of T.
The following is a characterization theorem for primitive ternary -ideal of ternary -semirings.
Theorem 3.26: An h-ternary -ideal P of a ternary -semiring T is primitive if and only if P =

AT (M ) for

some irreducible right ternary T -semimodule M.

Proof: Let P be an h-ternary -ideal of T such that P =

AT (M ) for some irreducible right ternary T-semimodule

M. Then by theorem 3.22 and Lemma 3.23Mis a faithful irreducible ternary (T/P) -semimodule this shows that T/P is
primitive and hence P is a primitive h-ternary -ideal of T.

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M. Sajani Lavanya, D. Madhusudhana Rao & V. Syam Julius Rajendra

Conversely, let P be a primitive h-ternary -ideal of T. Then T/P is a primitive ternary -semiring. So there exists
a faithful irreducible ternary (T/P) -semimodule M. Now by Lemma 3.21M is an irreducible ternary T-semimodule. It
remains to show that P = AT (M ) . Now x AT (M)

x T such that msx = 0 and mxs = 0 for all m M and s

x/P

s/P

T/P

S/P

such

that

m(s/P

)(x/P)

AT / P (M ) = Z (T

x/P

/ P) ,

and

since

m(x/P)(s/P
M

is

0for

faithful

all

ternary

and

(T/P)-semimodule

x/P AT / P (M ) = {0} , by Lemma3.24, x/P = 0/P x P. Thus P = AT (M). Hence the lemma

4. JACOBSON RADICAL OF A TERNARY -SEMIRING

In the previous section, we have defined irreducible ternary T-semimodule. We now we give the definition of
semi-irreducible ternary T-semimodule.
Definition

4.1:

right

MTT {0}. i. e.

m s t
i

i=

i i

i i

ternary

T-semimodule

is

said

to

be

semi-irreducible

if

0, where mi M , si , ti T and i , i , and M does not contain any ternary

k-sub semimodule other than {0} and M.

Theorem 4.2: Let A be an h-ternary

-ideal of a ternary

-semiring T and M a right ternary T -

semimodule with M T A {0}. Then the following statements are true:

1) If M is semi-irreducible and m is an element of M then m = 0 if and only if m t a = 0
for all t T and for all a A. i.e. m = 0 if and only if m T A = {0}.
2)

If

is

irreducible

ua b = va b
i =1

i =1

for all

and

u,

are

elements

of

M,

then

if

and

only

if

ai , bi T .

Proof: (1) Let M be a semi-irreducible right ternary T-semimodule and mta = 0 for all
t T and for all a A. Let
n

M0 = {y M; yTA = {0} i. e.

y s a
i =1

Then

m M0

i i

i i

= 0, si T , ai A, i , i }.

and so M0 is non-empty

Let x,y M0. Then ( x + y )T A = xT A + yT A = {0}.

This leads to x + y M0. Now let x M0 and s, t T. Then we get

( xst )T A M 0T T T A M 0T A = {0} i. e. ( xst )T A = {0}.

This implies that

xst M 0

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.6257

and therefore, M0 is a ternary

-sub semimodule of M.

NAAS Rating: 3.80

A Study on the Jacobson Radical of a Ternary -Semiring

x + y M0 , y M0

Again suppose
n

i =1

and x M. Then

( x + y )s a
i

25

= 0, ysi ai = 0 for all si T , ai A.

i =1

i =1

i =1

i =1

i =1

xsi ai = xsi ai + 0 = xsi ai + ysi ai =

( x + y ) s a
i

i =1

= 0 so x M 0 .

This shows that M0 is a ternary k-sub semimodule of M. Since MTA {0}, M0 M Again since M is semiirreducible, M0 = {0} and there by m =0.
The converse part is obvious.

u, v M

2) Let M be irreducible and

be such that uv. Since MTA {0}, there exist

m M, t T and a A such that mta 0. Again since M is irreducible, for this m, there exist

ai , bi , c j , d j T , i i , j , j (1 i p,1 j q; p, q are positive integers) such that

p

i =1

j =1

j =1

i =1

m + u i ai i bi + v j c j j d j = u j c j j d j + v i ai i bi .

Hence

i =1

j =1

j =1

i =1

mta + u i ai ibi t a + v j c j j d j t a = u j c j j d j t a + v i ai i bi t a for

all t T and a A .
This implies that

Where

i =1

j =1

j =1

i =1

mta + uai bi + vc j d j = uc j d j + vai bi.

bi' = bi t a A and d j = d j t a A . Since M is cancellative and m t a 0 so at least one of

ua b va b and uc d vc d holds.
i =1

i =1

j =1

j =1

The converse part follows easily.

Lemma 4.3: Let M be a right ternary T -semimodule and M 0 . Then M is semi-irreducible if and only
if for every nonzero m M , mT T = M i.e. for every arbitrary fixed nonzero m M and every x M , there
exist

i =1

j =1

ai , bi , c j , d j T such that x + mai bi = mc j d j where p, q are positive integers.

Proof: Let M 0 be semi-irreducible. Then M T T {0}
Let m M such that m 0 . Then by theorem 4.2, mT T {0}
Since mT T is a ternary k-subsemimodule of M, mT T = M .

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M. Sajani Lavanya, D. Madhusudhana Rao & V. Syam Julius Rajendra

Conversely suppose that for any non-zero m M , mT T = M .

Let N {0} be a ternary k-subsemimodule of M. Then there exist n N such that n 0 . Therefore by
hypothesis, n T T = M
Hence for any x M , there exist

ternary k-subsemimodule of M and

i =1

j =1

ai , bi , c j , d j T such that x + nai bi = nc j d j . Since N is a

i =1

j =1

nai bi , nc j d j N , so we find that x N . Hence N = M. Now if

M T T = {0} then mT T = {0} for all m M

In particular, mT T = {0} for any non-zero m M Hence

mT T = {0} for any non-zero m M this

shows that M = {0}, which is a contradiction.

Thus M T T {0} and hence M is semi-irreducible.
Corollary 4.4: If a right ternary T -semimodule M is irreducible then it is semi-irreducible
and M T T = M .
Proof: Let M be an irreducible right ternary T -semimodule. Then M 0 , and consequently, there exists a
non-zero

m M .Since M is irreducible, for any arbitrary fixed

ai , bi , c j , d j T , i i , j , j (1 i p,1 j q; p, q are
p

i =1

j =1

m 0 and any

positive

x M there exist

integers)

such

that

x + m i ai i bi = m j c j j d j (From the definition of irreducibility, putting u1 = m and u2 = 0 ).

Hence by lemma 4.3, M becomes a semi-irreducible right ternary T -semimodule. Then M T T {0} this
implies that M T T

{0} . Since M T T is a ternary K-subsemimodule of M, M T T = M.

Definition 4.5: Let T be a ternary

Then

J (T ) =

-semiring and be the set of all irreducible right ternary T -semimodules.

I A (M ) is called the Jacobson radical of T

T

If is empty the T itself is considered as J (T) i.e. J (T) = T and in this case, we say that T is a radical ternary

-semiring.
A ternary

-semiring T is said to be Jacobson semisimple or J-semisimple if J (T) = {0} .

Remark 4.6: The zeroid Z (T) of T is contained in the Jacobson radical J (T),
Since

Z (T ) AT (M )

for all right ternary T -semimodule M by Note 3.16

Theorem 4.7: J (T) is an h-ternary

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.6257

-ideal of T.
NAAS Rating: 3.80

A Study on the Jacobson Radical of a Ternary -Semiring

Proof: Since by Lemma 3.17,

ternary

AT (M )

27

is an h-ternary

-ideal of T and the intersection of any family of h-

-ideals is again a h-ternary -ideal, it follows that J(T) is an h-ternary -ideal of T.

Corollary 4.8: J (T) is a k-ternary

-ideal of T.

Proof: The proof of the corollary immediately follows from the above theorem 4.7, since every h-ternary
is also a k-ternary

-ideal

-ideal.

Theorem

4.9:

The

Jacobson

radical

of

is

the

intersection

of

all

primitive

h-ternary

-ideals of S.
Proof: The proof of the above theorem follows from theorem 3.26, and definition 4.5.
Definition4.10: Let P be a ternary -ideal of T. Then P is said to be strongly semi-nilpotent if there exists a
positive integer n such that ( PT )

n 1

P Z (T ) ,

where ( PT )

n 1

P = ( PT )( PT ).....(n 1)P times,

(P T )0 P = P and Z(T) is the zeroid of T. P is said to be strongly nilpotent if there exists a positive integer n such
that ( PT )

n 1

P = {0}.

Remark 4.11: A strongly nilpotent ternary

-ideal of a ternary -semiring is strongly semi-nilpotent.

Theorem 4.12: If P is a strongly semi-nilpotent right ternary -ideal of T then P J (T).

Proof: Suppose on the contrary that P J (T ) =

I A (M ) , where is the set of all irreducible right ternary

T

T-semimodules. Then there exist M such that P AT (M ) .

This implies that M T P {0} and M PT {0} , by the definition of AT (M ) .
Since P is strongly semi-nilpotent, there exist a positive integer n such that ( PT )

n 1

P Z (T ) for pi P (i

= 1, 2 n), ti T (i = 1, 2,,,,, n -1),

p1t1p2t2.....pn1tn1pn + z = z

For some z T

mt ( p1t1p2t2.....pn1tn1pn ) + mtz = mtz For some m M and for all t T.

Again, we further we deduce that

mt( p1t1p2t2.....pn1tn1pn ) = 0 for all m M and for all t T.

Since M is additively cancellative. This shows that M T ( PT )

n 1

P = {0} . If the above relation hold for all n, then

in particular it holds for n = 1 and in this case M T P = {0} which is a contradiction, since M T P {0} by
hypothesis.
Thus there exist m M and a positive integer k such that

mT ( PT )k 1 P {0} And mT ( PT )k P = {0}

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28

M. Sajani Lavanya, D. Madhusudhana Rao & V. Syam Julius Rajendra

Let u ( 0)

mT ( PT )k 1 P M . Since M is irreducible, hence it is semi-irreducible by corollary 4.4,

and hence by lemma 4.3, for m M there exist

ai , bi , c j , d j T , i i , j , j (1 i p,1 j q; p, q Are positive integers) such that

p

i =1

j =1

m + u i ai i bi = u j c j j d j .

Hence, we have shown that

p

Since

u i ai ibi t r ,
i =1

i =1

j =1

m t r + u i ai i bi t r = u j c j j d j t r for all t T and for all r P.

u c d t r M T (PT )
j

j =1

M T ( PT )

n 1

n 1

PT T T P

PT P = mT ( PT )k P = {0}

We have m t r = 0 for all t T and r P. This leads to MTP = {0}, which is again a contradiction. This
completes the proof of the theorem.
By theorem 4.12 and remark 4.11, we obtain the following corollary.
Corollary 4.13: If a ternary

-semiring T is Jacobson semisimple then T does not contain any non-zero

strongly semi-nilpotent right ternary

-ideal and hence T does not contain any non-trivial strongly nilpotent right

ternary

-ideal.

CONCLUSIONS
In this paper mainly we start the study of primitive ternary -semiring and Jacobson radicals, in ternary semirings. We characterize them.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research is supported by the Department of Mathematics, VSR & NVR College, Tenali, Guntur (Dt), Andhra
Pradesh, India.
The first and third authors express their warmest thanks to the University Grants Commission (UGC), India, for
doing this research under Faculty Development Programme.
The authors would like to thank the experts who have contributed towards preparation and development of the
paper and the authors also wish to express their sincere thanks to the referees for the valuable suggestions which lead to an
improvement of this paper.
REFERENCES
1.

Baer Reinhold, Zur Axiomatik Der Kardinal Zahlarithmetick, Jur Mathematische Zeitschrift- Math Z, Vol.29, No.1, pp.381396, 1929.

2.

Dutta. T. K. and Kar. S., On the Jacobson Radical of a Ternary Semiring, Southeast Asian Bulletin of Mathematics (2004) 28:

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.6257

NAAS Rating: 3.80

A Study on the Jacobson Radical of a Ternary -Semiring

29

1-13.
3.

Lehmar. D. H.,A ternary analogue of abelian groups, Amer. J. Math., 59(1932), 329-338.

4.

Lister. W. G. Ternary rings, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 154, 37-55 (1971).

5.

Prufer. E. H., Theory of Abelian Groups Part-I, Math. Z.20 (1) (1924), 165-187.

6.

Sajani Lavanya. M., Madhusudhana Rao. D., and V. Syam Julius Rajendra, On Quasi-Ternary
Ideals in Ternary

-Ideals and Bi-Ternary -

-Semirings-International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention, Volume 6, Issue 3, (September-

2015), PP 05-14.
7.

Sajani Lavanya. M., Madhusudhana Rao. D., and V. Syam Julius Rajendra, On Lateral Ternary -Ideals of Ternary Semirings-American International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering &Mathematics (AIJRSTEM),
12(1), September-November, 2015, pp: 11-14.

8.

Sajani Lavanya. M., Madhusudhana Rao. D., and V. Syam Julius Rajendra, Prime Bi-ternary

-Ideals in Ternary

Semirings-British Journal of Research, Volume 2, Issue 6, November-December, 2015, pp: 156-166.

AUTHORS DETAILS

Dr. D. MadhusudhanaRao: He completed his M.Sc. from Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

M. Phil. from M. K. University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Ph. D. from Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh
India He joined as Lecturer in Mathematics, in the department of Mathematics, VSR & NVR College, Tenali, A. P. India
in the year 1997, after that he promoted as Head, Department of Mathematics, VSR & NVR College, Tenali. He helped
more than 5 Ph. Ds. At present he is guiding 7 Ph. D. Scholars and 3 M. Phil., Scholars in the department of Mathematics,
AcharyaNagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, A. P.
A major part of his research work has been devoted to the use of semigroups, Gamma semigroups, duo gamma
semigroups, partially ordered gamma semigroups and ternary semigroups, Gamma semirings and ternary semirings, Near
rings ect. He is acting as peer review member to (1) British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science, (2)
International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Applications Research, (3) Journal of Advances in
Mathematicsand Editorial Board Member of (4) International Journal of New Technology and Research. He is life
member of (1) Andhra Pradesh Society for Mathematical Sciences, (2) Heath Awareness Research Institution
Technology Association, (3) Asian Council of Science Editors, Membership No: 91.7347, (4) Council for Innovative
Research for Journal of Advances in Mathematics. He published more than 74 research papers in different
International Journals to his credit in the last four academic years.

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editor@tjprc.org

30

M. Sajani Lavanya, D. Madhusudhana Rao & V. Syam Julius Rajendra

Mrs. M. SajaniLavanya: She completed her M.Sc. from Hindu College, Guntur, under the jurisdiction of

AcharyaNagarjuna University, Guntur, and Andhra Pradesh, India. She joined as lecturer in Mathematics, in the
department of Mathematics, A. C. College, Guntur, and Andhra Pradesh, India in the year 1998. At present shepursuing
Ph.D. under guidance of Dr. D. MathusudhanaRao, Head, Department of Mathematics, VSR &NVR College, Tenali,
Guntur (Dt), A.P. India in AcharyaNagarjuna University. Herarea of interests are ternary semirings, ordered ternary
semirings, semirings and topology. She published more than 07 research papers in different International Journals to his
credit. Presentlyshe is working on Ternary-Semirings.

Mr. V. Syam Julius Rajendra: He completed his M.Sc. from Madras Christian College, under the jurisdiction

of University of Madras, Chennai, and Tamil Nadu. After that he did his M.Phil. From M. K. University, Madurai,
Tamilnadu, India. He joined as lecturer in Mathematics, in the department of Mathematics, A. C. College, Guntur, Andhra
Pradesh, India in the year 1998. At present he is pursuing Ph.D. under guidance of Dr. D. MathusudhanaRao, Head,
Department of Mathematics, VSR & NVR College, Tenali, Guntur(Dt), A.P. India in Acharya Nagarjuna University. His
area of interests is ternary semirings, ordered ternary semirings, semirings and topology. He published more than 07
research papers in different International Journals to his credit. Presentlyhe is working on Partially Ordered TernarySemirings.

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NAAS Rating: 3.80