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OSHA 2226
2002 (Revised)
Excavations
U.S. Department of Labor
Elaine L. Chao, Secretary
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
John L. Henshaw, Assistant Secretary
OSHA 2226
2002 (Revised)
Contents
Introduction .............................................................. 1
What is the difference between
an excavation and a trench? ......................................... 1
What are the dangers of trenching
and excavation operations? .......................................... 1
OSHAs Excavation and Trenching Standard ............. 2
What does the OSHA standard cover,
and what protections does it offer? .............................. 2
What kinds of excavations
and trenches are not covered? ..................................... 2
Preplanning ............................................................. 4
Why is it important to
preplan the excavation work? ....................................... 4
What safety factors should you consider
when bidding on a job? ................................................ 4
How can you avoid hitting underground
utility lines and pipes during excavation work? .............. 5
What should you tell workers
before they start the project? ....................................... 6
Protective Systems .................................................. 7
How can you prevent cave-ins? .................................... 7
How do you choose the most
appropriate protective system design? ......................... 7
What other safety precautions
are you required to take? ........................................... 10
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Introduction
Excavation and trenching are among the most hazardous
construction operations. The Occupational Safety and
Health Administrations (OSHA) Excavation and Trenching
standard, Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulation (CFR),
Part 1926.650, covers requirements for excavation and
trenching operations. This booklet highlights key elements
of the standard, shows ways to protect employees against
cave-ins, and describes safe work practices for employees.
OSHAs Excavation
and Trenching Standard
What does the OSHA standard cover,
and what protections does it offer?
The rule applies to all open excavations made in the
earths surface, including trenches. Strict compliance with
all sections of the standard will prevent or greatly reduce the
risk of cave-ins as well as other excavation-related accidents.
Preplanning
Why is it important to
preplan the excavation work?
No matter how many trenching, shoring, and backfilling
jobs you have done in the past, it is important to approach
each new job with the utmost care and preparation. Many
on-the-job accidents result directly from inadequate initial
planning. Waiting until after the work has started to correct
mistakes in shoring or sloping slows down the operation,
adds to the cost, and increases the possibility of a cave-in
or other excavation failure.
Protective Systems
How can you prevent cave-ins?
OSHA requires that all excavations in which employees
could potentially be exposed to cave-ins be protected by
Sloping or benching the sides of the excavation,
Supporting the sides of the excavation, or
Placing a shield between the side of the excavation and
the work area.
20 Max.
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1-1/2
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OSHA Assistance,
Services, and Programs
How can OSHA help me?
OSHA can provide extensive help through a variety of
programs, including assistance about safety and health
programs, state plans, workplace consultations, Voluntary
Protection Programs, strategic partnerships, training and
education, and more.
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OSHCON Request Line:
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