ME 303: Convection, Boiling, Condensation and Mass Transfer

Assignment #1
Last Date of Submission: 04 November, 2015 before 12.00pm

Submission place: M413

Problem 1: A 6-cm diameter shaft rotates at 3000 rpm in a 20-cm long bearing with a uniform clearance of 0.2
mm. At steady operating conditions, both the bearing and the shaft in the vicinity of the oil gap are at 50C, and
the viscosity and thermal conductivity of lubricating oil are 0.05 N.s/m2 and 0.17 W/m.K. By simplifying and
solving the continuity, momentum, and energy equations, determine (a) the maximum temperature of oil, and
(b) the rates of heat transfer to the bearing and the shaft.

Problem 2: The forming section of a plastics plant puts out a continuous sheet of plastic that is 1.2 m wide and
2 mm thick at a rate of 15 m/min. The temperature of the plastic sheet is 90C when it is exposed to the
surrounding air, and the sheet is subjected to air flow at 30C at a velocity of 3 m/s on both sides along its
surfaces normal to the direction of motion of the sheet. The width of the air cooling section is such that a fixed
point on the plastic sheet passes through that section in 2 s. Determine the rate of heat transfer from the plastic
sheet to the air.

Problem 3: An array of power transistors, dissipating 6 W of power each, are to be cooled by mounting them
on a 25-cm 25-cm square aluminum plate and blowing air at 35C over the plate with a fan at a velocity of 4
m/s. The average temperature of the plate is not to exceed 65C. Assuming the heat transfer from the back side
of the plate to be negligible and disregarding radiation, determine the number of transistors that can be placed
on this plate.

Problem 4: Atmospheric air at 375 K flows with a velocity of 4 m/s along a flat plate of 1 m long, maintained at
a uniform temperature 325 K. The average heat transfer coefficient is determined to be 8 W/m2C. Using the
Colburn-Reynolds analogy, estimate the drag force acting on the plate over the width of 2 m.

Problem 5: During a plant visit, it was noticed that a 12-m long section of a 10-cm diameter stream pipe is
completely exposed to the ambient air. The temperature measurements indicate that the average temperature of
the outer surface of the stream pipe is 75C when the ambient temperature is 5C. There are also light winds in
the area at 10 km/h. The emissivity of the outer surface of the pipe is 0.8, and the average temperature of the
surfaces surrounding the pipe, including the sky, is estimated to be 0C. Determine the amount of heat lost from
the steam during a 10-h long work day.

Problem 6: Air flows over a flat plate at a constant velocity of 20 m/s and ambient conditions of 20 kPa and
20C. The plate is heated to a constant temperature of 75C, starting at a distance of 7.5 cm from the leading
edge. What is the total heat transfer from the leading edge to a point 35 cm from the leading edge?
Problem 7: Air flows across a 20 cm square plate with a velocity of 5 m/s. Free-stream conditions are 10C and
0.2 atm. A heater in the plate surface furnishes a constant heat flux condition at the wall so that the average wall
temperature is 100C. Calculate the surface heat flux and the value of h at an x position of 10 cm.
Problem 8: A blackened plate is exposed to the sun so that a constant heat flux of 800 W/m2 is absorbed. The
black side of the plate is insulated so that all the energy absorbed is dissipated to an air stream which blows
across the plate at conditions of 25C, 1 bar and 3 m/s. The plate is 25 cm square. Estimate the average
temperature of the plate. What is the plate temperature at the trailing edge?
Problem 9: Consider a 50-cm diameter and 95-cm long hot water tank. The tank is placed horizontally on the
roof of a house. The water inside the tank heated to 80C by a flat-plate solar collector during the day. The tank
is then exposed to windy air at 18C with an average velocity of 40 km/h during the night. Estimate the
temperature of the tank a 45-min period. Assume the tank surface to be at the same temperature as the water
inside, and the heat transfer coefficient on the top and bottom surfaces to be the same as that on the side surface.
Use the following correlation proposed by Churchill and Bernstein (1977): RedPr > 0.2

Problem 10: Air flows across a 4 cm square cylinder at a velocity of 10 m/s. The surface temperature is
maintained at 85C. Free-stream air conditions are 20C and 0.6 bar. Calculate the heat loss from the cylinder
per meter of length.

Type
Local
Average
Local
Average
Average

Local

Local

Local

Average

Summary of Correlation for Forced Convection Flow over Flat Plates

Properties evaluated at Film temperature
Heat Transfer
Restrictions
Fluid Flow
Isothermal (Tw = constant)
Isoflux (qw = constant)
C f ,x = 0.664Rex 1/ 2
Nu x = 0.332Re1x/ 2 Pr1/ 3
Nu x = 0.453Re1x/ 2 Pr1/ 3
Laminar: Rex < 5 105 ; 0.6 < Pr < 50
Laminar: ReL < 5 105 ; 0.6 < Pr < 50
Turbulent: 5 105 Rex 107 ;
0.6 Pr 60
Turbulent: 5 105 ReL 107 ;
0.6 Pr 60
Partly Laminar, Partly Turbulent:
5 105 ReL 107 ; 0.6 Pr 60
Recr = 5 105

C f = 1.328Re L1/ 2

Nu L = 0.664Re1L/ 2 Pr1/ 3

Nu L = 0.680Re1L/ 2 Pr1/ 3

C f ,x = 0.059Rex 1/ 5

Nu x = 0.0296Re 4x / 5 Pr1/ 3

Nu x = 0.0308Re 4x / 5 Pr1/ 3

C f = 0.074ReL1/ 5

Nu L = 0.037Re 4L/ 5 Pr1/ 3

Nu L = 0.037Re 4L/ 5 Pr1/ 3

C f = 0.074Re

1 / 5
L

1742Re L

All Prandtl number

(Churchill and Ozoe): Pex 100
= unheated starting length
C f ,x = 0.664Rex 1/ 2
Laminar: Rex < 5 105 ;
0.6 < Pr < 50
= unheated starting length
C f ,x = 0.059Rex 1/ 5
Turbulent: 5 105 Rex 107 ;
0.6 Pr 60
= unheated starting length
Laminar: ReL < 5 105; p = 2
Turbulent: 5 105 ReL 107; p = 8

Nu L = ( 0.037Re

Nu x =

4/ 5
L

871) Pr

1/ 3

0.3387Re1x/ 2 Pr1/ 3
0.0468
1 +

Pr

2 / 3 1/ 4

0.037Re 4L/ 5 Pr1/ 3

Nu L =
1 + 12.35 106 ReL6 / 5
Nu x =

0.4637Re1x/ 2 Pr1/ 3
0.0207 2 / 3
1 +

Pr

3 / 4
Nu x = Nu x( for =0) 1
x

1 / 3

9 / 10
Nu x = Nu x( for =0) 1
x

L
Nu L = Nu L( for =0)
L

1 / 9

1
x

p +1
p+2

p
p +1

1/ 4

443
CHAPTER 7

Thecharacteristic length D for use in the calculation of the Reynolds and the
Nusselt numbers for different geometries is as indicated on the figure. All
fluid properties are evaluated at the film temperature. Note that the values
presented in Table 71 for non-circular geometrics have been updated based
on the recommendations of Sparrow et al. (2004).

TABLE 71
Empirical correlations for the average Nusselt number for forced convection
overcircular and noncircular cylinders in cross flow (from Zukauskas, 1972,
Jakob 1949, and Sparrow et al., 2004)
Cross-section
of the cylinder

Fluid

Circle
D

Square

Range of Re

Nusselt number
0.989Re0.330
0.911Re0.385
0.683Re0.466
0.193Re0.618
0.027Re0.805

Pr1/3
Pr1/3
Pr1/3
Pr1/3
Pr1/3

Gas or
liquid

0.44
440
404000
400040,000
40,000400,000

Nu
Nu
Nu
Nu
Nu

Gas

390079,000

Nu 5 0.094Re0.675 Pr1/3

Gas

5600111,000

Nu 5 0.258Re0.588 Pr1/3

Gas

450090,700

Nu 5 0.148Re0.638 Pr1/3

Gas

520020,400
20,400105,000

Nu 5 0.162Re0.638 Pr1/3
Nu 5 0.039Re0.782 Pr1/3

Gas

630023,600

Nu 5 0.257Re0.731 Pr1/3

Gas

14008200

Nu 5 0.197Re0.612 Pr1/3

5
5
5
5
5

Square
(tilted
45)

Hexagon
D

Hexagon
(tilted
45)

Vertical
plate

Ellipse
D

Hol29362_appA

658

11/7/2008

14:57

A P P E N D I X A Tables

Table A-5 Properties of air at atmospheric pressure.

The values of , k, cp , and Pr are not strongly pressure-dependent
and may be used over a fairly wide range of pressures

T ,K
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500

kg/m3

cp
kJ/kg C

105
kg/m s

106
m2 /s

k
W/m C

104
m2 /s

Pr

3.6010
2.3675
1.7684
1.4128
1.1774
0.9980
0.8826
0.7833
0.7048
0.6423
0.5879
0.5430
0.5030
0.4709
0.4405
0.4149
0.3925
0.3716
0.3524
0.3204
0.2947
0.2707
0.2515
0.2355
0.2211
0.2082
0.1970
0.1858
0.1762
0.1682
0.1602
0.1538
0.1458
0.1394

1.0266
1.0099
1.0061
1.0053
1.0057
1.0090
1.0140
1.0207
1.0295
1.0392
1.0551
1.0635
1.0752
1.0856
1.0978
1.1095
1.1212
1.1321
1.1417
1.160
1.179
1.197
1.214
1.230
1.248
1.267
1.287
1.309
1.338
1.372
1.419
1.482
1.574
1.688

0.6924
1.0283
1.3289
1.5990
1.8462
2.075
2.286
2.484
2.671
2.848
3.018
3.177
3.332
3.481
3.625
3.765
3.899
4.023
4.152
4.44
4.69
4.93
5.17
5.40
5.63
5.85
6.07
6.29
6.50
6.72
6.93
7.14
7.35
7.57

1.923
4.343
7.490
11.31
15.69
20.76
25.90
31.71
37.90
44.34
51.34
58.51
66.25
73.91
82.29
90.75
99.3
108.2
117.8
138.6
159.1
182.1
205.5
229.1
254.5
280.5
308.1
338.5
369.0
399.6
432.6
464.0
504.0
543.5

0.009246
0.013735
0.01809
0.02227
0.02624
0.03003
0.03365
0.03707
0.04038
0.04360
0.04659
0.04953
0.05230
0.05509
0.05779
0.06028
0.06279
0.06525
0.06752
0.0732
0.0782
0.0837
0.0891
0.0946
0.100
0.105
0.111
0.117
0.124
0.131
0.139
0.149
0.161
0.175

0.02501
0.05745
0.10165
0.15675
0.22160
0.2983
0.3760
0.4222
0.5564
0.6532
0.7512
0.8578
0.9672
1.0774
1.1951
1.3097
1.4271
1.5510
1.6779
1.969
2.251
2.583
2.920
3.262
3.609
3.977
4.379
4.811
5.260
5.715
6.120
6.540
7.020
7.441

0.770
0.753
0.739
0.722
0.708
0.697
0.689
0.683
0.680
0.680
0.680
0.682
0.684
0.686
0.689
0.692
0.696
0.699
0.702
0.704
0.707
0.705
0.705
0.705
0.705
0.705
0.704
0.704
0.702
0.700
0.707
0.710
0.718
0.730

From Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Circ. 564, 1955.

# 101675
Cust: McGraw-Hill
Au: Holman
Server:
Title: Heat Transfer 10/e

Pg. No.658

K/PMS 293
Short / Normal / Long

DESIGN SERVICES OF

S4CARLISLE
Publishing Services

Hol29362_appA

662

11/7/2008

14:57

A P P E N D I X A Tables

Table A-9 Properties of water (saturated liquid).

Note: Grx Pr =

32
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
220
240
260
280
300
350
400
450
500
550
600

0
4.44
10
15.56
21.11
26.67
32.22
37.78
43.33
48.89
54.44
60
65.55
71.11
76.67
82.22
87.78
93.33
104.4
115.6
126.7
137.8
148.9
176.7
204.4
232.2
260
287.7
315.6

g 2 cp
k


x 3 T

cp

kJ/kg C

kg/m3

kg/m s

W/m C

4.225
4.208
4.195
4.186
4.179
4.179
4.174
4.174
4.174
4.174
4.179
4.179
4.183
4.186
4.191
4.195
4.199
4.204
4.216
4.229
4.250
4.271
4.296
4.371
4.467
4.585
4.731
5.024
5.703

999.8
999.8
999.2
998.6
997.4
995.8
994.9
993.0
990.6
988.8
985.7
983.3
980.3
977.3
973.7
970.2
966.7
963.2
955.1
946.7
937.2
928.1
918.0
890.4
859.4
825.7
785.2
735.5
678.7

1.79103
1.55
1.31
1.12
9.8104
8.6
7.65
6.82
6.16
5.62
5.13
4.71
4.3
4.01
3.72
3.47
3.27
3.06
2.67
2.44
2.19
1.98
1.86
1.57
1.36
1.20
1.07
9.51105
8.68

0.566
0.575
0.585
0.595
0.604
0.614
0.623
0.630
0.637
0.644
0.649
0.654
0.659
0.665
0.668
0.673
0.675
0.678
0.684
0.685
0.685
0.685
0.684
0.677
0.665
0.646
0.616

Pr
13.25
11.35
9.40
7.88
6.78
5.85
5.12
4.53
4.04
3.64
3.30
3.01
2.73
2.53
2.33
2.16
2.03
1.90
1.66
1.51
1.36
1.24
1.17
1.02
1.00
0.85
0.83

g 2 cp
k
1/m3 C

1.91 109
6.34 109
1.08 1010
1.46 1010
1.91 1010
2.48 1010
3.3 1010
4.19 1010
4.89 1010
5.66 1010
6.48 1010
7.62 1010
8.84 1010
9.85 1010
1.09 1011

Adapted to SI units from A. I. Brown and S. M. Marco, Introduction to Heat Transfer, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1958.

# 101675
Cust: McGraw-Hill
Au: Holman
Server:
Title: Heat Transfer 10/e

Pg. No.662

K/PMS 293
Short / Normal / Long

DESIGN SERVICES OF

S4CARLISLE
Publishing Services