The Internet

Internet Technology2 No. 6

LAN and the Internet

Prof. Jun Murai

Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University

Local Area Network

Link A

Link B
100/1000Base-T link 1
100/1000Base-T link 2
1000Base-SX link 3

LAN,WAN
LAN (Local Area Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network)
Wireless LAN
UTP
HUB/Switch Office LAN

Ethernet

ISDN
Base station

WDM

ADSL

PPP
Internet

Office LAN

UTP

Optical Fiber

Global network

Home

Ethernet
Kind

Cable

Speed

Maximum
distance

10BASE-2

Thin coax

10Mbps

185m

10BASE-5

Thick coax

10Mbps

500m

10BASE-T

UTP

10Mbps

100m

100BASE-TX

UTP

100Mbps

100m

1000BASE-T

UTP

1Gbps

100m

Thin coax
Thick coax
Twisted pair (UTP cable)

Type
Bus Formed
LAN
Bus Formed
LAN
Star Formed
LAN
Star Formed
LAN
Star Formed
LAN

CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detection
Carrier Sense Listen sounds
Multiple Access
If nobody are talking, anybody can start
talking
Collision DetectionIf the talk overlaps,
throw the dice, wait certain time according
to the number of dice, and listen sounds.

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with

Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)
Collision Avoidance
Even when they can talk, they wait certain
time and start talking.

Good
ImHello.
I leaving.
eat.
morning

HUB / Switch
HUB
If several ethernet cables are inserted, those will work as

an ethernet cable
Each broadcasts packects will flow inside each broadcasts

Broadcast storm
Accident that keeps flowing broadcast and causes several troubles
Keep Broadcast inside equipment and avoid affecting other segment

Switch
How to deliver Broadcast, being able to handle service using
Broadcast properly like DHCP

MAC Address
MAC Address (Media Access Control address)
Specific unique identification number allocated to each
Ethernet card, which extend for connecting LAN
Also called Hardware address

xx : xx : xx : xx : xx : xx

xx(00~FF)

3 byte Vendor code 3 byte Product code

6 byte

The characteristic is using different numbers for 2 same

equipments

DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Give
... to
MAC:hope

DHCP Server

Broadcast
Demand IP address from
DHCP server
MAC:hoge

The Internet and IP address

Principle The Internet is formed with global IP address

IP address
+
TCP/UDP
+
Port number

Communication model of layer 4 (End-to-End)

IPv4 address exhaustion and IPv6

Solve IPv4 exhaustion problem fundamentally (Long Term
Solution)
Introduction of IPv6 address
Is composed with 128bit electrical information, divide each 16bit into 8
numbers by [:]. This is 128 bit in binary number, so total address is 2128

2001:0DB8:0:CD30:123:4567:89AB:CDEF
64bit subnet prefix

64 bit internet identifier

128 bit

Kinds of IPv6
-

Unicast address
Anycast address
Multicast address
Broadcast address

- Link local scope

- Global scope

/64
prefix length

Private Address and NAT

Communicate by global address + port

Private Address

Translate dynamically
Global Address + translated port

Private Address + Port

Computer

ARP

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

IP address: ...
MAC: hoge

MAC address is hoge

Broadcast
Demand MAC Address
from ...

RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)

Protocol demanding IP address from MAC address