LIBERIA

Diplomatic relations: Liberia and Turkish maintain a relation based on cooperation. The Turkish
Embassy in Accra is accredited to Liberia. Liberia has an Honorary Consulate in Istanbul, which
was opened in 1996. Turkey has compromised to cooperate with Liberia in every field including
agriculture, health, education as well as the development of small and medium size enterprises
and to share their experiences.
Basic policy towards the country: The Governments of Liberia and Turkey have signed three
Framework Agreements to enhance the bilateral relations between both countries. The agreements
are in the areas of Education, Reciprocal Waiver of Visas for Holders of Diplomatic Passports and
an agreement for collaboration between the Diplomatic Institutes of Liberia and Turkey. Turkish
Foreign Minister Davutoglu described the signing of the agreements as a historic day for both
countries. This is actually the first official ministerial visit on the basis of our bilateral relations;
that is why the Government and People of Turkey attach all the importance to it. The three
agreements are the first in the series of cooperations agreements his country intends to sign with
Liberia.
Bilateral agreements:
o Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation between Diplomatic (2014)
o Academies. Agreement of Visa Exemption for Holders of Diplomatic Passports. (2014)
o Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Education. (2104)
Economic relations:
o Exports: Liberias export to Turkey began since 1970 with iron ore and concentrates. In
2010, the 55% exports where in the sector of ships. Liberias export 6.81 million. Turkey
exports mainly ships, iron and steel products, cereals and cereal products, mechanical and
electrical machinery spare parts to Liberia. Turkish imports include mainly wood, lumber
rubber, and hulk. Foreign trade volume between Turkey and Liberia reached the level of
128 million USD in 2012.
o Imports: In 2013, Turkey was one of the of the Liberias major import trading partner
with a totaling of $ 25,225,256.93 and focused on mineral water, machineries used,
sanitary used and beverages.
o Loans/Grants/Technical Cooperation:
Loans:
Grants: the Government of Turkey grants University scholarships for bachelors
degree each year to the Government of Liberia. Turkey provided humanitarian aid to
Liberia through the World Health Organization in 2007. A school founded by Turkish
citizens offers primary and secondary education in Monrovia.
Technical cooperation:
Political, cultural and social relations/programs
o
Bargaining chip:

LIBYA
Diplomatic relations: Turkey has deep rooted relations with Libyan people. Due to historical,
religious and cultural bonds, Turkey has always been an active supporter of security and welfare
of the Libyan people. Turkey has been the first country to appoint an Ambassador to Tripoli on 2
September 2011, after the full control of Tripoli by the National Transitional Council.
Basic policy towards the country: Libya is the third largest trade partner of Turkey in Africa. In
order to complete the legal framework of bilateral commercial and economic relations, Turkey
and Libya have signed a number of agreements. On 3rd January 2014, the visiting Libya's Prime
Minister Ali Zeidan and his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan signed a strategic
cooperation agreement in Istanbul. In terms of this agreement Turkey will continue to strengthen
the Libyan military system and Libya will increase the amount of oil it provides to
Turkey. Bilateral trade between Libya and Turkey amounted to $2.5 billion at the end of
2012. No visa is required between the two countries.
Bilateral agreements:
o Agreement on Enhancing Economic and Technical Cooperation (1975)
o Bilateral Investment and Protection Agreement (2009)
o Social Security Agreement (2014)
o Union and Free Trade Agreements (FTA)
Economic relations:
o Exports: Libya is the third largest trade partner of Turkey in Africa. Turkey is the one of
the top export destination of Libya totaling, $2.75B. Exports to Libya in Turkey averaged
134.49 USD Million from 2014 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 240.76 USD
Million in April of 2014 and a record low of 57.46 USD Million in August of 2014
focused on petroleum gas and refined petroleum.
o Imports: Around 90% of Turkey's oil supplies are imported mainly from the Middle
Eastern countries including Libya. Import products: raw iron, hand woven rugs and
miscellaneous.
o Loans/Grants/Technical Cooperation:
Loans: Turkey's state-owned export credit agency Eximbank provided loans totaling
$750 million to Tunisia and Libya in connection with efforts to support
reconstruction studies in these two civil war-torn countries.
Grants: Turkey is among the main investors in Libya. Turkish contracting and
construction firms in Libya have undertaken projects worth more than 20 billion
dollars. In terms of volume of work undertaken by Turkish contractors abroad, Libya
is the second market after Russia.
Technical cooperation: Turkey and Libya in April 2012, Turkey will train nearly
3000 Libyan troops to rebuild the Libyan Army and strengthen national defense and
security institutions, which crumbled during the anti-Gaddafi revolution. Turkey is
also providing the Libya Police Force with specialization training in different areas.
Political, cultural and social relations/programs
o Turkey is among the main investors in Libya. Turkish contracting and construction firms
in Libya have undertaken projects worth more than 20 billion dollars.
o Turkey deeply rooted historical ties with Libya, which are based on common history,
social and cultural affinities.
o Turkey gave hundreds of millions of dollars to opposition leaders, took an active role in
mediating between different parties and played a key role in reconstructing Libya.
Bargaining chip: On 2014, the visiting Libya's Prime Minister Ali Zeidan and his Turkish
counterpart Recep Erdogan signed a strategic cooperation agreement in Istanbul. In terms of this
agreement Turkey will continue to strengthen the Libyan military system and Libya will increase
the amount of oil it provides to Turkey. Turkish companies will be encouraged to start oil
exploration in Libya. There will be no visa requirements between the two countries. The
motivating factor in Turkish-Libyan relations is largely the energy security of Turkey. Around
90% of Turkey's oil supplies are imported mainly from the Middle Eastern countries. The Syrian
crisis has fragilised the oil routes from Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq and the Gulf states.

MADAGASCAR
Diplomatic relations: Lack of political relations between the two countries, economic relations
are also very weak. Turkey decided to open an embassy in Madagascar in 2009. Likewise,
Madagascar has an Honorary Consulate in Istanbul.
Basic policy towards the country: Around 50 Turkish citizens live in Madagascar.
Turkeys bilateral trade volume with Madagascar in 2014 reached nearly 60 million USD. About
54 million dollars of this amount consists of Turkish exports. Madagascar is a member of the
African Union.
Bilateral agreements:
o Air transport/services agreements (2013)
Economic relations:
o Exports: Turkeys main export products to Madagascar are: grain, iron and steel,
electronic equipment, transport equipment, and various finished goods, while the main
import products are vegetables, spices, leather, non-metallic minerals, totaling $ 5.85M
o Imports: In 2013, totaling of $58.8 M main products iron bars and rods.
o Loans/Grants/Technical Cooperation:
Loans: The European Investment Bank (EIB) has given Madagascar a 300 million
euro ($333 million) loan to go be used to rehabilitate roads, power and energy
infrastructure.
Grants: No grants
Technical cooperation: The Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TIKA)
as well as the Ministry of Health provide some technical and humanitarian assistance
to Madagascar.
Political, cultural and social relations/programs
o A Turkish school, the International Ik Koleji, which opened in the capital,
Antananarivo, has improved the perception people have about Turkey and Turks. The
school began by offering middle-school-level classes to seven scholarship students in
the old Indian Embassy building in 2002.
Bargaining chip:

MALAWI

Diplomatic relations: On the grounds of equality and mutual benefit.

Basic policy towards the country: Common interest in promoting trade and economic
cooperation on the basis of mutual advantage.
Bilateral agreements:
o Agreement on trade, economic and technical cooperation. (2006)
Economic relations:
o Exports: Malawi exports to Turkey stripped tobacco and unstrapped tobacco, totaling
$12.2M.
o Imports: Main imports chemical elements 36% with a total of $ 11.3M.
o Loans/Grants/Technical Cooperation:
Loans: Since 2006, Turkish businessmen have made investments in Malawi for the
first time.
Grants: NO grants
Technical cooperation: in progress the creation of the project Malawi Muslim
Foundation, regarding clean and Healthy water, Turkish would provided the
necessary measures in order to accomplished this project.
Political, cultural and social relations/programs
o The Turkish government is therefore committed to providing more scholarships and assist
in finding other funding opportunities to increase the number of international students
currently open for students from Malawi.
o Turkish International Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TIKA) by five water wells
in Malawi were opened found among the least developed countries and economic
problems in Malawi.
Bargaining chip:

MALI
Diplomatic relations: Turkish Embassy in Bamako was opened on 1 February 2010. Mali is one
of the countries where we have opened new embassies within the framework of our policy of
opening-up to Africa. Mali opened two honorary consulates in Istanbul and Ankara, in 1990 and
1998 respectively.
Basic policy towards the country: The two countries have had friendly relations dating back to
the period of the Ottoman Empire. Based on this fact, there is a mutual will of developing
relations in all fields. In 2010, Turkish bilateral trade amounted to more than 11 million USD. The
Turkish Cooperation and Development Agency (TIKA) have been contributing to Mali in several
areas. The two countries boasted a $43 million trade volume in 2014. Turkey reinters its support
to government of Mali since the beginning of the North crisis and after the military coup in the
same year1.
Bilateral agreements:
o The mechanism of the Mixed Economic Commission between Turkey and Mali (2009).
o Agreement on Bilateral Cultural Cooperation (2015)
o Agreement on suppression of Visa for the diplomatic and official passports holders.
(2011)
o Protocol Agreement for bilateral cooperation (2013)
o Memorandum in Ankara between the Diplomatic Academies of both Foreign Ministers
(2013)
o Air transport. (2012)
o Defense Cooperation Agreement
o Cooperation Agreement in the Spheres of Employment and Vocational Training.
o Cooperation Agreement in the Sphere of Crafts.
Economic relations:
o Exports: Turkeys exports to Mali reached about 10 million USD. The Trade volume
between the two countries has increased from 11.3 Millions USD in 2010 to 43 Millions
USD in 2014 which 9.9 millions USD and 38 millions USD respectively from Turkey
side2.
o Imports: In 2011, the total raise until 35.6 M. The main products are the machinery area 3.
o Loans/Grants/Technical Cooperation:
Loans: NO loans
Grants: Stating that 60 Malian students study in Turkey as a part of the Trkiye
Scholarships Program and 16 Malian students, supported by the Diyanet Foundation,
study at im-amhatip schools4.
Technical cooperation: Turkish Foreign Minister on that time, Ahmet Davutolu
declared in April 2013 his countrys support for Malis security and stability and
stressed the need for solution without a lasting foreign influence in the country during
the meeting with his Malian counterpart in Ankara.
Political, cultural and social relations/programs
o Mali participated in the First Turkey-Africa Cooperation Summit in August 2008 with a
delegation led by President Amadou Toumani Tour.
o A Turkish private school was opened in 2002 in Bamako and has been functioning
successfully since then.
o Historical and cultural ties between Mali and Turkey dates back to 16th century.
Bargaining chip: Mali and Turkey signed a cooperation agreement on Marche 18, 1999 The two
countries manifested their intention to establish the Free Zone and also agreement for free
exchange based on the mutual interest. Many diplomatic visits and bilateral meetings have

1 http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-mali.en.mfa
2 http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-mali.en.mfa
3 http://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/visualize/tree_map/sitc/import/mli/tur/show/2011/
4http://www.academia.edu/14163917/Mali_Bilaterale_Relation_with_Turkey_and_India_Comp
arative_Analysis_for_the_Recent_Development

observed during the recent period through different platforms.

MAURITANIA
Diplomatic relations: Although Mauritania is not geographically close to Turkey nor do they
share direct national security interest, the treaty enabling free travel for diplomatic representatives
was the started of the relations between these countries.
Basic policy towards the country: Turkey and Mauritania are considered partners through the
NATO Mediterranean Dialogue Initiative; this treaty drew to multi-level cooperation, thus
forming the basis for bilateral cooperation. This program also offers opportunities to develop a
market5.
Bilateral agreements:
o Treaty abolishing visa requirements. (2002).
o Mediterrean Dialogue Initiative (2002).
o Treaty on technical and scientific matters and military training. (1998)
Economic relations:
o Exports: Turkeys exports to Mauritania have risen from around $4,3000,000 in 2004, to
$111,000,000 in the first 10 months of 2013. Turkish exports to Mauritania generally
consist of salt, tobacco, cereals, as well as spare parts, electrical equipment 6.
o Imports: Turkish imports from Mauritania have not shown any noteworthy progress.
Imports totaling $1,900,000 in 2009 decline roughly 214,000 in 2012. Turkish imports
include animals and vegetable oils, etc7.
o Loans/Grants/Technical Cooperation:
Loans:
Grants:
Technical cooperation: Mediterranean Dialogue Initiative, offer logistic support
schemes, purchase defense equipment and meet urgent needs.
Political, cultural and social relations/programs
o Turkey offer Mauritanian scholarships and grants in different disciplines
Bargaining chip:

5 http://usak.org.tr/images_upload/files/moritanya%20nete.pdf
6 http://usak.org.tr/images_upload/files/moritanya%20nete.pdf
7 http://usak.org.tr/images_upload/files/moritanya%20nete.pdf