AppliedEnergy48 (1994) I lg

~: 1994 Elsevier Science Limited

Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved
0306-2619/94/$7.00
ELSEVIER

Psychrometric Properties of Humid Air:

Calculation Procedures
Y. O. Devres
T U B I T A K M a r m a r a Research Centre,
F o o d a n d R e f r i g e r a t i o n Technology D e p a r t m e n t ,
P.O.Box 21, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli,Turkey

A BSTRA CT
Knowledge of the psychrometric properties is essential during the designing
of air conditioning, cold storage, and drying processes where humid air is
a working fluid. In this study detailed procedures Jor calculating psychrometric properties are given. Seven main properties of the psvchrometrics,
namely dry-bulb, wet-bulb and dew-point temperatures, atmo~sphericpressure,
humidity ratio, relative humidity and enthalpy can be calculated using the
given procedures. According to the Gibbs Phase Rule, in the humid air case,
any three intensive properties will be sufficient to evaluate the remaining
properties. Therefore the combination of three out of seven properties
gives a total of 35 different sets. Computer soJhvare has been developed
and utilised to obtain the psychrometric properties q/" humid air. It was
Jound that given three input parameters, the remaining four parameters
could, except in three cases, can be calculated with neglLgible error.

NOTATION

h
hs*

Enthalpy of humid air (kJ/kg)

Enthalpy of humid air at saturation at the thermodynamic wet-bulb
temperature (kJ/kg)
hw* Specific enthalpy of condensed water at the thermodynamic wetbulb temperature and a pressure of 101 325 Pa (kJ/kg)
Pw Partial pressure of water vapour in humid air (Pa)
Pws Pressure of saturated pure water (Pa)
P
Total pressure of humid air (Pa)
Ra Gas constant for dry air (J/kg K)
T
Dry-bulb temperature (C)
1

Y . o . Devres

7*
TD
v
W
WS
Ws*

Wet-bulb temperature (C)

Dew-point temperature (C)
Specific volume of humid air (m3/kg)
Humidity ratio of humid air (kg/kg)
Humidity ratio of humid air at saturation (kg/kg)
Humidity ratio of humid air at saturation at thermodynamic wetbulb temperature (kg/kg)

o~
/3
p.
~b

Parameter defined in Table 2

Parameter defined in Table 3
Degree of saturation
Relative humidity
INTRODUCTION

In the study of the processes of air conditioning, cold storage and drying,
a knowledge of the psychrometric properties of the working fluid, that is
humid air, is essential. In general, the psychrometric properties of a
medium can be predicted either analytically by recourse to the laws for
gases or by consulting specially prepared charts and tables. Using these
charts, if the atmospheric pressure or altitude is known, it is easy to find
the psychrometric properties using two other known properties. However,
during the designing, for instance, of a cold store, in most cases its
altitude is different from sea level. And yet, most of the charts available
in the references are based on sea level properties. Therefore, finding
psychrometric properties from zero-altitude charts can create errors.
Although the best method for finding these properties is to calculate
them analytically using the perfect gas relationships, in many situations,
it is often neither convenient nor practical. A realistic solution for these
problems is to employ a computer for the numerical solution of the
relevant equations: the psychrometric properties being defined in the
software.
There are seven main different properties in the psychrometric charts,
namely dry-bulb, wet-bulb and dew-point temperatures, atmospheric
pressure, humidity ratio, relative humidity and enthalpy. ~ According to
the Gibbs Phase Rule, there are four degrees of freedom for a system
consisting of humid air, assuming it to be a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen,
and water vapour. For all practical purposes the ratio of the masses of
oxygen and nitrogen in air is constant, hence the degrees of freedom are
reduced to three. Thus any three intensive properties will be sufficient to
evaluate the remaining properties. 2 Therefore the combination of three
out of seven properties gives a total of 35 different sets. These are shown

T*

T*

T*

T*

TD

TD

TD

10

13

15

16

20

23

25

26

29

31

32

34

1351w

TD

TD

TD

TD

T*

T*

T*

T*

T*

hi

TD

33 P

TD

30

T*

24

TD

T*

21

27

T*

17

14

11

TD

TD

TD

TD

hi

TD

T*

22

28

T*

18

12

1'9IT"

Pressure
Humidity ratio
Relative humidity
Enthalpy

Dew-point temperature

TD
P

Wet-bulb temperature

T*

Dry-bulb temperature

15IT

hi

TABLE 1
C o m b i n a t i o n Sets o f Seven Psychrometric Properties, Each Set Comprising Three Properties

hi

'5

Y . o . Devres

in Table 1. In this study, each set is used separately in an attempt to find

solutions for the remaining unknown variables. In some cases analytical
solutions were not found and numerical methods had to be employed.

METHOD

Psychrometric equations
For the determination of psychrometric properties, a knowledge of the
water-vapour saturation-pressure is essential. The equations for calculating
saturation pressures for the temperature ranges - 1 0 0 C to 200C are
given in Table 2. The solutions for the saturations vapour-pressure as a
function of temperatures were found with R E G A N , 3 using polynomial
REGression ANalysis on data obtained from ASHRAE. 4 In some cases
however, the saturation pressure was known allowing the temperature to
be calculated from the data. In such cases, temperatures calculated using
saturation pressures where derived from regression analysis are shown in
Table 3.
The definition of psychrometric properties can be given very easily
where perfect gas relations are employed. ~ As a result, only equations (in
total 28 equations) are given in Table 4. In every equation, in order to
obtain the property given in the second column, the known properties
given in the third column must be replaced in the equation given in the
fourth column. The units of each property are shown in the last column.

Recommended procedures for the calculation of psychrometric properties

Calculation procedures are shown in Table 5. With the following steps,
it is easy to calculate the unknown properties. In some cases, however,
numerical analyses must be employed for solution.

R E S U L T S A N D DISCUSSION
In the computer program, 32 out of the 35 combinations have been
solved successfully. In combinations 9, 11 and 26 (see Table 5), the equations could not be solved. In each of these cases, two of the equations
differed only by a numerical factor, effectively reducing the number of
free parameters and not permitting non trivial solutions.
A computer program was developed in F O R T R A N for calculating the
psychrometric properties. Nine subroutines were written for numerical
solution. For 32 cases, all the properties were calculated with only small

TABLE 2

l 0 +2

+0.2069880620.

-0.6042275128.

0 . 6 3 4 0 9 4 1 6 3 9 . 10 +4

10 +2

0 . 6 3 4 4 0 1 1 5 7 7 . 10 +4

+0-270510 1899.

TABLE 3

. l0 1

+ 0.268 362 940 3 . l 0 +2

- 0 . 6 3 1 6 9 7 2 0 6 3 . 10 +4

. 10 4

-0.1866650553

. 10 -l

-0.1923595289

+0-1204507646

373.15 <_ T < 423-15

. 10 4

. 10 4

+0.1255001965

+0-1246732157

322.15 < T < 373.15

-0.191 5465806 . l0 I
+ 0 . 2 7 0 2 3 8 8 3 1 5 . 10 +2

273.15 _< T < 322-15

- 0 . 6 2 2 0 7 8 1 2 3 0 . 10 +4

+0.1069730183.
10 -4
-0-1698965754.
10 1
+ 0 . 2 6 1 4 0 7 3 2 9 8 . 10 +2

423.15 < T < 473-15

+0-1004926534

+ 0 . 1 392 9 1 763 3

~ 0.2815151574

+0-7311621119

+0.2125893734

1 _<p<611

~0.1243688446.
+0.3388534296.

~ 0.215 007 799 3 . 10 *~

10 +~
10 +1

10 -~

10 *l
l(Y I

10 1

0.8826779380.

10 2

10 2

+0.5031062503.

10 2

101420

+0-2718585432.

+0.5020858479.
-0-2050301050.

-0.3545542105.

10 *~

10 *l
10 +2

10 +

+ 0 . 1 2 0 9 5 1 2 5 1 7 . 10 4

12 3 5 0 _ < p <

Pres,~ure ( P a /

13 - In ( p , J , p,~ in P a

10 +

10 I

+ 0-499 509 294 8 . 10 ~

+0-1514142334.
10 *2
0 . 9 8 8 2 4 1 7 5 0 1 . 10 +2

-0.936711 2883.

+0.2467291016.

101420_<p<476207

E .134 + F . ~3 + G . ~2 + H . fi + K, T in K

61 t _<p < 12 350

T-

10 *2
10 ~

10 ~1

10 4

~ 0 . 5 4 7 2 6 1 8 1 2 0 . 10 +~

+0.1742964962.
-0.1161208532.

0.1068661307.

+0.2748402484.

476 207 <-p < 1 555 0 9 9

C a l c u l a t i o n o f T e m p e r a t u r e w h i c h is D e p e n d e n t on W a t e r V a p o u r S a t u r a t i o n P r e s s u r e w i t h i n V a r i o u s T e m p e r a t u r e R a n g e s

10 +4

. 10 2

. 10 5

-0.7297593707

+0-5397420727

213.15 < T < 273-15

Temperature ( K )

Pw~ = 1000 . e x p ( a ) , Pw~ in P a

C a l c u l a t i o n o f W a t e r - V a p o u r S a t u r a t i o n P r e s s u r e w h i c h is D e p e n d e n t o n t he T e m p e r a t u r e w i t h i n V a r i o u s T e m p e r a t u r e R a n g e s
a=A.
T2+B.T+C+D.T
1 TinK

-W

e~

To obtain

Pws

Pw

TO

p*s

Eq. No.

P, Pw

h, T

h,W

T, W

T*

Pw

To

Pw~

Known(s)

Tt~+ B . T o + C + D .

To I

/33+ G . /32 + H . / 3 + K

Pw
P - Pw

2501 + 1-805. T

h-T

1 + 1-805. W

h - 2501. W

W . (2501 + 1-805. T)

W = 0.621 98 -

W =

T-

h = T+

o t = A . T . 2 + B . T* + C + D . T* i

TD=E./34+F./33+G./32+H./3+K

a=A.

/34+F.

A . T2 + B . T + C + D .

T=E.

a=

Equation

TABLE 4
Calculation of Psychrometric Properties

P a n d Pw in Pa

T in C, h in kJ/kg

T in C, h in kJ/kg

T i n C, h i n kJ/kg

P*s = 1 0 0 0 . e x p ( a )
T* in K, P*s in Pa
for c o n s t a n t s see T a b l e 2

/3 = In (pw)
TD i n K , p w i n P a
for c o n s t a n t s see T a b l e 3

Pw = 1 0 0 0 . e x p ( a )
T O in K, Pw in Pa
for c o n s t a n t s see T a b l e 2

T in K, Pws in Pa
for c o n s t a n t s see T a b l e 3

/3=ln(Pw~)

Pws = 1 0 0 0 . e x p ( a )
T in K, Pws in Pa
for c o n s t a n t s see T a b l e 2

Remarks

e~

Pw~, W~

P, W~

P, P*~

P, W~

h, W, T*

Pw~

~7

p~

W*

13

14

15

16

17

18

14'*
.

P, Pw~

W~

12

P, W

p~

11

P,,vs

Pw, H/

10

p*~

W~ + 0.621 98

W*

W * + 0.621 98

P.

w*

0.621 98 p*~ t p*~

w,*= h * - h + W
h*

p*~-

147 = 0-621 98 - - - p - p*

p,,~ = 0.621 98

w~

P = 0-621 98 py~ + Pw~

P'~
P - Pw~

W + 0.621 98

P.W

W, = 0-621 98 .

Pw

P = 0.621 98 ~ " + p,,

W

Pa

/ 7 " : T* + (2501 + 1 . 8 0 5 . T * ) .
h * = 4 . 1 8 6 . T*
h, h* h * in k J / k g , T* in C

P a n d p*~ in Pa

P a n d p*~ in Pa

P a n d p{~ in Pa

P a n d p,,,~ in P a

P a n d p,~.~ in Pa

P a n d Pw~ in Pa

Pandp~in

P a n d p,~ in Pa

W*

ca

W.*,h, T*

IV, W s

T,P, W

T*

W*

th

pw

Pws

/.z

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

4~, Pw

4,, pw~

Pw, Pw~

W, T*, W~*

W, T, T*

W~, W, T

Ws*, T, T*

Known(s)

To obtain

Eq. No.

W*

2 5 0 1 + 1.805 . T -

4.186. T*

(2501 - 2.381 . T * ) . W * - ( T -

h*

h-h*+

T*)

Ra . T

Pws = Pw/q~

- (1 + 1 - 6 0 7 8 .

P~ = 4). Pws

W+ (T -

T*)

W)

1 + 1.805. W

(2501 - 2.381 . T * ) . W * - (2501 - 4-186 . T * ) . W +

~b = PJPws

T=

2 5 0 1 - 2.381 . T *

Ws, _- (2501 + 1.805 . T - 2-381 . T * ) .

T * = 2 5 0 1 . (Ws* - W ) - T . (1 + 1 - 8 0 5 . W )
2.381. W* -4.186.
W1

W=

W-

Equation

T A B L E 4---contd

T*
T*inC

R a -- 287-055 J / k g . K
v in m3/kg, T in K , P in P a

Pw a n d Pws in P a

Pw a n d Pw~ in P a

Pw a n d Pws in P a

Tand

T a n d T * in C

T a n d T * in C

T a n d T * in C

h * = T * + (2 501 + 1 . 8 0 5 . T * ) . IV*
hw* -- 4 . 1 8 6 . T*
h, h*s, hw
* in k J / k g , T * in C

Remarks

e~

Psychrometric properties 0["humid air

TABLE 5

Recommended Procedures for the Calculation of Psychrometric Properties

Proc. Known Step
To
no. properties no. obtain
1

T, T*, TD

T, TD, P

T,W,P

T,W,d)

1
2
3
4

Pws
p*s
Pw
P

5
6

W
Ws

Use
eqn(s)

Remarks

1
5
3
9, 15, 18 Replace eqns (9) and (15) in eqn (18), then solve
the resulting equation using numerical analysis
9
12

w*

15

8
9

h
~b

6
24

1
2
3
4
5

Pws
Pw
W
WS
T*

1
3
9
12
15, 21

6
7
8
9

P*s
Ws*
h
~

5
15
6
24

Pw~

2
3
4
5

Pw
TD
Ws
T*

11
4
12
15, 21

6
7

P*s
W*

5
15

4~

24

1
2
3

Pws
Pw
P

1
25
10

TD

5
6

Ws
T*

12
15, 21

P*s

15

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

I C~mtinued)

10

E O. Devres

TABLE 5--contd
Proc. Known Step
To
no. properties no. obtain
5

T,(o,h

Use
eqn(s)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Pw~
Pw
W
P
TD
Ws
T*

1
25
8
I0
4
12
15, 21

8
9

P*s
W*

5
15

T,T*,P

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Pws
P*s
W*
W
W~
Pw
TD
h
~b

1
5
15
20
12
11
4
6
24

T, TD, W

1
2
3
4
5

Pw~
Pw
P
W,
T*

1
3
10
12
15, 21

6
7
8
9

p*~
W*
h
cb

5
15
6
24

1
2
3
4
5
6

Pws
Pw
W
W~
To
T*

1
25
9
12
4
15, 21

7
8
9

Pw*~
W*
h

5
15
6

T,c~,P

Remarks

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

Psychrometric properties o f humid air

11

TABLE 5---contd.
Proc.
no.

Known
Step
properties no.

T, IV, h

10

T, T*, W

11

T, TD, 05

12

T, h, P

13

14

T, T*,05

T, tl, T D

To
obtain

Use
eqn ( s )

Remarks

UNRESOLVABLE
1

p,,,

2
3
4

p*~
w*
P

5
22
16
12
11
4
6
24

w~

6
7
8
9

p,,
TD

h
4'

UNRESOLVABLE
1
2
3
4
5
6

p,,~
W
p,,.
w~
T*

1
8
11
4
12
15, 21

7
8
9

p*.~
W*s
4'

5
15
24

TD

p,,,~

2
3
4
5

p,,
TD
p*~
P

25
4
5
9, 20

6
7

W
w~

w~

9
12
15
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

Pws
W
Pw
P
w,
T*

1
8
3
10
12
15, 21

p*~

w~*

15

4'

24

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

Replace eqn (9) in eqn (20), then solve the

resulting quadratic equation

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

{'iOllftllli,d,

12

Y.O. Devres

TABLE ~-contd.
Proc. Known Step
To
no. properties no. obtain

Use
eqn(s)

15

T, T*, h

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Pws
W
P*s
W*
P
p~
TD
Ws
~

1
8
5
22
16
11
4
12
24

16

T*, TD, P

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Pw
p*~
W*
W
T
P,,,s
Ws
h
~b

3
5
15
9
23
1
12
6
24

17

T*, P, W

18

T*, W,

Pw

11

2
3

TD
p*s

4
5

4
5
6
7
8
9

W*
T
Pw~
Ws
h
~b

15
23
1
12
6
24

p*~

7"

3
4

Pws
P

5
6

w*

ws

Pw

TD

Remarks

5
1, 10, 20, Replace eqn (25) in eqn (10), then solve the
25
resulting equation with eqns (1) and (25) using
numerical analysis
1
10, 25
12
15
11
4
6

Psychrometric properties of humid air

13

TABLE 5---contd.

Proc. Known Step

To
no. properties no. obtain
19

1
2

P*s
T

3
4
5
6
7
8
9

P
Pw~
w,
Pw
TD
W
W*

20 T*, TD, W

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Pw
P
p*~
W*
T
Pws
W~
h
4~

21

1
2
3

p*~
w*
T

4
5
6
7
8
9

Pw~
W~
W
Pw
TD
h

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

P*s
T
Pws
W*
P
Pw
TD

w,

22

T*, ~b, h

T*, 4', P

T*, W, h

Use
eqn(s)

Remarks

5
8, 9, 15, Replace eqns (9) and (25) in eqn (8) and solve
18, 25
for P(T), then substitute P(T) in eqn (18) with
eqn (15) and solve the resulting equation using
numerical analysis
Use P(T) found in step 2
1
12
25
4
9
15

3
10
5
15
23
1
12
6
24
5
15
9, 20, 25 Replace eqns (9) and (25) in eqn (20) and solve
the resulting equation using numerical analysis
1
12
9
25
4
6
5
7
1
22
16
11
4
12
24
;()mlmued)

14

Y.O. Devres

TABLE 5
Proc. Known Step
To
no. properties no. obtain

23

24

25

T*, T D,4~

T*, P, h

T*, TD, h

26

TD, P, W

27

TD, W , ~

1
2
3
4
5

Pw
p*s
Pws
T
P

6
7
8
9

W
W*
W~
h

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

p*~
w*
W
Pw

1
2
3

P*s
Pw
P

4
5
6
7

W
T
Pws
W~

W*

4~

TD

T
Pw~
W~
~

Use
eqn(s)

contd.
Remarks

3
5
26
2
9, 15, 20 Replace eqns (9) and (15) in eqn (20) and solve
the resulting quadratic equation
9
15
12
6
5
15
19
11
4
7
1
12
24
5
3
9, 15, 18 Replace eqns (9) and (15) in eqn (18) and solve
the resulting quadratic equation
9
7
1
12
15
24

UNRESOLVABLE
1
2
3
4
5
6

Pw
Pw~
T
P
W~
T*

3
26
2
l0
12
15, 21
5
t5
6

P*s

w*

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

Psychrometric properties q f humid air

15

TABLE ~ c o n t d
Proc. Known Step
To
no. properties no. obtain

28

29

30

31

T D, oh, h

TD, P, c~

T D, W, h

TD, P , h

Use
eqn(s)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Pw
Pws
T
W
P
W~
T*

8
10
12
15, 21

8
9

p*~
W*

5
15

Remarks

3
26

Pw

2
3
4
5
6

Pw~
T
W
w~
T*

26
2
9

7
8
9

P*s
w*
h

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

12

15, 21

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

5
15

Pw

2
3
4
5
6

P
T
Pws
W~
T*

10
7
1
12
15, 21

7
8
9

P*s
W*
4~

5
15
24

Pw

2
3
4

W
T
Pw~

9
7
1

w~

12

T*

15, 21

7
8
9

P*s
w*
~h

15

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

5
24
r ~oHlitillcd!

16

Y.O. Devres

TABLE 5~contd.
Proc. Known Step
To
no. properties no. obtain

32

33

34

35

P, W, ~h

P, ~, h

P, W , h

w, 4~,h

Use
eqn(s)

1
2
3
4
5
6

Pw
TD
Pws
T
Ws
T*

11
4
26
2
12
15, 21

7
8
9

P*s
W*
h

5
15
6

6, 9, 25

2
3
4
5
6
7

Pws
W~
Pw
TD
W
T*

1
12
25
4
9
15, 21

8
9

P*s
W*

5
15

1
2
3
4
5
6

T
Pws
Pw
TD
Ws
T*

7
1
11
4
12
15, 21

P*s

w*

15

q~

24

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

T
Pws
Pw
TD
P
Ws
T*

7
1
25
4
10
12
15, 21

8
9

p*~
W*

5
15

Remarks

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

Replace eqns (9) and (25) in eqn (6) and solve

the resulting equation using numerical analysis

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

Replace eqn (15) in eqn (21), then solve the

resulting equation using numerical analysis

2 338.879
1 705.505
1 380.122
14.696
10.648

p,~ (Pa)
p*~ (Pa)
p,~. (Pa)
W~ (g/kg)
W* (g/kg)

* Knowns.

20-000*
15.000"
11.755
101 325"000*
8-589
59"008
41 "791

Combination
set no. 6

T (C)
T* (C)
TD (C)
P (Pa)
W (g/kg)
4~ (%)
h (kJ/kg)

Property

2 338-879
1 705.518
1 380.142
14.696
10.648

20.000*
15.000
11.755
101 325"000*
8"589
59"009
41 "791"

Combination
set no. 12

2 338.879
1 705.505
1 380.126
14.697
10.649

19-999
15.000"
11.755
101 323"823
8"589
59"008*
41 "791 *

Combination
set no. 19

Calculations
Combination
set no. 27

2 338.900
1 705.524
1 380.138
14-697
10.649

20.000
15.000
11.755"
101 324-057
8"589*
59"008*
41 "791

TABLE 6
Results of Properties for Different Combination Sets

2 338-894
1 705.518
I 380.135
14.696
10.648

20.000
15-000
11.755
101 325"000*
8"589
59"008*
41-791 *

Combination
set no. 33

-7,

,~.

~"
"4
~

18

Y.O. Devres

errors. In some cases, however, especially when P was not known, a

maximum + 0.5% error occurred. In the other cases, errors considerably
smaller than this were obtained.
The results of different combination sets are given in Table 6. In combination set no. 6, the properties are calculated without any numerical
analysis procedures. In combination sets 12, 19, 27 and 33, however,
numerical analysis techniques were employed (see Table 5). In the columns of
Table 6, '*' following the data indicates the known psychrometric properties.
The calculated values are shown with three digits for comparison. However,
no significant differences between any combination sets were found.

CONCLUSION
When humid air is used as a working fluid, it is essential to use reliable
data for any necessary calculations. A good method to perform these
calculations is by the use of computer software embodying the properties
of perfect gases. In this study such software has been developed and
utilised to obtain the psychrometric properties of humid air. It was found
that given three input parameters, the remaining four parameters could,
except in three cases, be calculated with negligible error.

REFERENCES
1. ASHRAE, Fundamentals Handbook, Psychrometrics. American Society of
Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, New York, 1981,
Chapter 5, pp.l-10.
2. Agrawal, K.K. & Rao, H.V., A computer model of psychrometric properties
of air. ASAE Transactions, 17 (1) (1974) 67-9.
3. Devres, Y.O., Curve-fitting (regression analyses) VAX package computer
programme using least-square methods. TI[IBITAK Marmara Research Centre,
Food and Refrigeration Technology Publications No.121, Gebze-Kocaeli,
40 p.
4. ASHRAE, Fundamentals Handbook, Psychrometric Tables. American Society
of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, New York, 1981,
Chapter 6, pp.l-16.