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Representation Theory
Selected Solutions
Aban Husain
Chapter 1
Basic Concepts
1.1
1.2
0 0 0
0 2 0
1
0 0 so
0
0
1
and ad y =
sl(2, F) we have ad x =
0 2 0
0 0 0
1
0 0
1 2 1
1 0.
1 and exp(ad y) = 1
exp(ad x) = 0 1
1 2 1
0 0
1
(x) = exp(ad x) exp(ady) exp(ad x)(x)
= exp(ad x) exp(ady)(x)
= exp(ad x)(x + h y)
= x 2x + h + x h y
= y
(x) = exp(ad x) exp(ady) exp(ad x)(h)
= exp(ad x) exp(ady)(2x + h)
= exp(ad x)(2x h)
= 2x + 2x h
= h
(x) = exp(ad x) exp(ady) exp(ad x)(y)
= exp(ad x) exp(ady)(x + h + y)
= exp(ad x)(x)
= x
11. If L = sl(n, F), g GL(n, F), prove the map of L to itself defined by
x 7 gxt g 1 belongs to Aut L. When n = 2, g = identity matrix, prove
2
1.3
10. Let L be a Lie algebra, K an ideal of L such that L/K is nilpotent and
such that ad xK is nilpotent for all x L. Prove that L is nilpotent.
n
For each x L there
exists some n such that (ad x) (y) K as L/K is
nilpotent. As ad x K is nilpotent for each x L, there exists some m such
that (ad x)m (ad x)n (y) = (ad x)m+n (y) = 0 for each x L and y L.
Therefore each x L is ad-nilpotent and so, by Engels Theorem, L is
nilpotent.
Chapter 2
0 0 0
0
ad x = 0 0 1, ad y = 0
0 1 0
1
4
0 0
0
0 0, ad z = 1
0 0
0
0 0
0 0.
0 0
y)(ad
y)(ad
y)(ad
z)(ad
z)(ad
y)) = 0
z)) = 0
x)) = 0
x)) = 0
z)) = 0
Therefore L is solvable.
2.2
Killing Form
2.3
For x, y, z L
(x.)(y z) = (x.(y z))
= (x.y z + y x.z)
= ([x, y] z + y [x, z])
= ([y, x] z) (y [x, z])
If is associatve then clearly L. = 0 and if L. = 0 then ([y, x] z) =
(y [x, z]) and so is associative.
9. Let L0 be a semisimple subalgebra of a semisimple Lie algebra L. If x L0 ,
its Jordan decomposition in L0 is also its Jordan decomposition in L.
Let : L0 gl(L) with (x) = adL x. For x L0 , let x = xs + xn
be its Jordan decomposition in L0 . Then adL x = adL xs + adL xn and
by uniqueness of the Jordan decomposition, x = xs + xn is the Jordan
decomposition in L.
2.4
Representations of sl(2, F)
2.5
Chapter 3
Root Systems
3.1
Axiomatics
3.2
3.3
Classification
3.4
3.5
Chapter 4
Isomorphism and
Conjugacy Theorems
4.1
Isomorphism Theorem
4.2
Cartan Subalgebras
4.3
Conjugacy Theorems
Chapter 5
Existence Theorem
5.1
5.2
5.3
Chapter 6
Representation Theory
6.1
6.2
6.3
Multiplicity Formula
6.4
Characters
6.5
10