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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Received: 20 May 2015 / Accepted: 13 August 2015 / Published online: 21 August 2015
Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015
Abbreviations
PGR
Plant growth regulator
TPC
Total phenolic content
TFC
Total flavonoid content
PAL
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase
FRSA Free radical scavenging activity
TOF
Time of flight
ESI
Electro spray ionization
PCA
Principal component analysis
Introduction
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (milk thistle) belongs to
Asteracea family is an important medicinal herb used in
treatment of liver diseases with a history of use spanning
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503
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Table 1 Effect of different auxins at different concentrations on induction of adventitious roots from nodal explants of S. marianum
S.no.
MS (0)
2
3
4
5
IBA (0.5)
IBA (1.0)
IBA (1.5)
IBA (2.0)
21.3 1.1
b,c
28.5 1.6
36.4 2.2
a,b
23.2 1.4
b,c
b
8.4 0.9
b,c
12.7 1.2
17.8 1.8
a,b
13.2 1.4
a,b
6.3 0.4
b,c
30.1 2.1
b,c
3.7 1.8b
48.3 3.8
a,b
4.8 0.6a,b
50.6 4.1
a,b
5.3 0.3a
36.2 2.3
3.1 0.7b,c
IAA (0.5)
26.2 1.5
7
8
IAA (1.0)
IAA (1.5)
38.2 2.4a,b
45.1 3.1a,b
13.2 1.4a,b
15.4 1.4b
19.3 1.1c
31.5 2.2b,c
1.4 0.8b
2.9 1.9b,c
IAA (2.0)
22.4 1.2b,c
6.5 0.7b,c
17.3 1.2c
1.2 0.9b,c
39.6 2.9
a,b
20.2 1.2
a,b
14.8 1.1
0.9 0.2c
34.3 2.2
61.2 5.4
5.9 1.4a
NAA (0.5)
11
NAA (1.0)
73.4 4.3
12
NAA (1.5)
47.2 2.3a,b
NAA (2.0)
b,c
13
23.6 1.6
123
21.4 1.4a,b
10.9 1.1
58.3 5.1a
38.1 2.8
0.8 0.3
cd
10
10.1 0.9
cd
4.6 0.4a,b
2.4 0.4c
505
Bin masses
123
Fig. 2 PCA Loading Scatter plots of biological samples evaluated by SIMCA-P ? (12.0). a Aqueous fractions and b Organic fractions
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507
100
80
Ctr
Lag
Log
Stn
90
ab
70
ab
b
60
50
bc
40
30
bc
20
bc
bc
bc
c
c
c
10
4
7.
1.
30
43
9
28
14
Bin Masses
Fig. 3 Percentage of total ion counts of the bins (putatively identified
metabolites) in CTR, LAG, LOG and STN. Bin masses were selected
from the loading plots sorted by PCA. a Aqueous fractions and
b Organic fractions. Data represents the values of the mean standard error from three replicates. Column bars sharing the same letter/s
are similar otherwise differ significantly at P \ 0.05
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509
References
-1
Fig. 6 Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity (Ug FW) and silymarin content (mg g-1 DW) in adventitious root culture with respect
to growth curve. Values are mean standard error of three
replicates. Column bars sharing the same letter/s are similar otherwise
differ significantly at P \ 0.05
TPC
DPPH
TPC
0.41
TFC
0.61
0.97
SILYMARIN
PAL
TFC
SILYM
PAL
0.96
0.16
0.40
-0.84
0.09
-0.11
1
-0.90
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