Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1.Culture media
green)
Bile
Optochin S
Mice
BEA
Heat resistance
(56 oC, 30 min)
pathogenicity
S. pneumoniae
E. faecalis
Viridans group
Group
Bacitracin S
CAMP test
S. pyogenes
S. agalactiae
E. faecalis
1.1.4. S. aureus
microscopical
katalase
pigment
hemolysis
size of colonies
picture
test
production
staphylococci
grape-like
or -
1-2 mm diameter
streptococci
chain/pair
, , or -
1.1.6. B. cereus
X (hem) and V (NAD) factors are free. H. influenzae and N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae
may grow only on chocolate medium. On this agar only alfa-hemolysis may observed. (beta
never!)
Theoretical quisteion: satellite phenomenon (H. influenzae may grow on blood agar with S.
aureus) int he beta-hemolytic zone of S. aureus (the X and v factors will be free int he
hemolytic area)
alfa-hemolytic streptococci
1.2.2. H. influenzae
1.3.1. E. coli
Indol
Methyl Red
Voges-Proskauer
Citrate
Motility
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
lactose
motility
H2S
oxidase
phenylalanin- deaminase
urease
Salmonella
Proteus
1.4.1. S. aureus
2. Microscopical investigation
Ziehl-Neelsen
4 Gram-positive (blue or
purple)
methylen blue
2 Gram-negative (pink)
staphylococcus
(grape like)
streptococcus
(chain)
S. pneumoniae
(diplococcus)
2.
Helminths
1.: Ascaris lumbricoides (20-25 cm, roundworm, geohelminth, larva migration into the lung)
2. Taenia solium (3-5 m pork tape worm, hermaphroditic, number of the branches of the
uterus < 10)
3. Taenia saginata (7-10 m beef tape worm, hermaphroditic, numebr of the branches of the
uterus > 15)
4. Enterobius vermicularis (1 mm, roundworm pinworm, most frequent in Hungary among
children, perianal itching)
5. Fasciola hepatica (3-5 cm liver fluke, hermaphroditic)
6. Diphyllobotrium latum (13 m fish tape worm, hermaphroditic, 2 intermidiate hosts, loss of
B12 vitamin, megaloblastic anemia, rosette like uterus)
1.
4.
3.
5.
2.
4.
6.
Hemoculture bottles
It is important to obtain at least 3 specimens (with at least 30 min. between the specimens).
The specimens should be preferably taken before fever spikes (during chills). If possible,
both aerobic and anaerobic bottles should be used (3x 2 bottles, altogether). The site of
venipuncture and the plug of the bottle containing the medium must be properly disinfected.
The amount of blood injected to the bottle should be about 10 % of the liquid medium
(usually 10 ml/ bottle, for chlidren less, approximately 2-3 ml into specific Pedi bottle).
Pedi bottle
Keep the specimen under conditions recommended by the manufacturer of the medium (room
temperature or 37 oC).
Uricult:
A midstream specimen taken preferably in the morning, after thorough celaning of the
external genital area.
Keep and transport it at room temperature (native urine at + 4 oC)
Feces (stool:
Collect the CSF by sterile lumbar punction into sterile tube. The site of lumbar puncture must
be properly disinfected. Keep and transport it up to 1 h at room temperature or 37 oC (except
suspected Listeria monocytogenes, at 4 oC)
Sputum
The sputum taken preferably int he morning after the tooth washing. Keep and transport it up
to 1 h at room temperature.