IBM AIX

AIX redirects here. For other uses, see AIX (disambiguation).

AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive, pronounced
/eaks/[1] ) is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM for several of its computer platforms. Originally released for the IBM 6150
RISC workstation, AIX now supports or has supported a
wide variety of hardware platforms, including the IBM
RS/6000 series and later POWER and PowerPC-based
systems, IBM System i, System/370 mainframes, PS/2
personal computers, and the Apple Network Server.
AIX is based on UNIX System V with 4.3BSDcompatible extensions. It is one of ve commercial op- AIX Version 4 console login prompt
erating systems that have versions certied to The Open
Group's UNIX 03 standard (the others being Mac OS X,
Solaris, Inspur K-UX and HP-UX).[2]
Unix started life at AT&T's Bell Labs research center in
The AIX family of operating systems debuted in 1986, the early 1970s, running on DEC minicomputers. By
became the standard operating system for the RS/6000 1976, the operating system was in use at various academic
series on its launch in 1990, and is still actively developed institutions, including Princeton, where Tom Lyon and
by IBM. It is currently supported on IBM Power Systems others ported it to the S/370, to run as a guest OS unalongside IBM i and Linux.
der VM/370.[4] This port would later grow out to become
[5]
Unix oering by IBMs competitor
AIX was the rst operating system to utilize journaling UTS, a mainframe [6]
Amdahl
Corporation.
IBMs own involvement in Unix
le systems, and IBM has continuously enhanced the
can
be
dated
to
1979,
when
it assisted Bell Labs in doing
software with features like processor, disk and network
its
own
Unix
port
to
the
370
(to be used as a build host
virtualization, dynamic hardware resource allocation (infor
the
5ESS
switch's
software),
making modications to
cluding fractional processor units), and reliability engi[7]
the
TSS/370
hypervisor.
neering ported from its mainframe designs.[3]

It took until 1985 for IBM to oer its own Unix on the
platform: IX/370, developed by Interactive Systems Corporation and designed to compete with Amdahl UTS.[8]
The operating system oered special facilities for interoperating with PC/IX, Interactive/IBMs version of Unix
for IBM PC compatible hardware, with licenses costing
$10,000 per sixteen concurrent users.[9]

History

AIX Version 1, introduced in 1986 for the IBM 6150 RT

workstation, was based on UNIX System V Releases 1
and 2. In developing AIX, IBM and Interactive Systems
Corporation (whom IBM contracted) also incorporated
source code from 4.2 and 4.3 BSD UNIX.
Among other variants, IBM later produced AIX Version
3 (also known as AIX/6000), based on System V Release
3, for their POWER-based RS/6000 platform. Since
1990, AIX has served as the primary operating system for
the RS/6000 series (later renamed IBM eServer pSeries,
then IBM System p, and now IBM Power Systems). AIX
Version 4, introduced in 1994, added symmetric multiprocessing with the introduction of the rst RS/6000

IBM RS/6000 AIX le servers used for ibm.com in the 1990s

2
SMP servers and continued to evolve through the 1990s,
culminating with AIX 4.3.3 in 1999. Version 4.1, in a
slightly modied form, was also the standard operating
system for the Apple Network Server systems sold by
Apple Computer to complement the Macintosh line.
In the late 1990s, under Project Monterey, IBM and
the Santa Cruz Operation planned to integrate AIX
and UnixWare into a single 32-bit/64-bit multiplatform
UNIX with particular emphasis on running on Intel IA64 (Itanium) architecture CPUs. A beta test version of
AIX 5L for IA-64 systems was released, but according
to documents released in the SCO v. IBM lawsuit, less
than forty licenses for the nished Monterey Unix were
ever sold before the project was terminated in 2002.[10]
In 2003, the SCO Group alleged that (among other infractions) IBM had misappropriated licensed source code
from UNIX System V Release 4 for incorporation into
AIX; SCO subsequently withdrew IBMs license to develop and distribute AIX. IBM maintains that their license was irrevocable, and continued to sell and support
the product until the litigation was adjudicated.
AIX was a component of the 2003 SCO v. IBM lawsuit,
in which the SCO Group led a lawsuit against IBM, alleging IBM contributed SCOs intellectual property to the
Linux codebase. The SCO Group, who argued they were
the rightful owners of the copyrights covering the Unix
operating system, attempted to revoke IBMs license to
sell or distribute the AIX operating system. In March
2010, a jury returned a verdict nding that Novell, not
the SCO Group, owns the rights to Unix.[11]

SUPPORTED HARDWARE PLATFORMS

ning kernel memory and the kernel stack for applications

with real-time requirements can provide performance improvements by ensuring that the kernel memory and kernel stack for an application is not paged out. [12]
AIX 7.2 [13] was announced in October 2015, with general availability of AIX 7.2 planned for December 2015.
AIX 7.2 principal feature is the Live Kernel Update capability which allows OS xes to replace the entire AIX
kernel with no impact to applications. AIX 7.2 was also
restructured to remove obsolete components. The networking component, bos.net.tcp.client was repackaged to
allow additional installation exibility. Unlike AIX 7.1,
AIX 7.2 is only supported on systems based on POWER7
or later processors.

2 Supported hardware platforms

2.1 IBM 6150 RT
The original AIX (sometimes called AIX/RT) was developed for the IBM 6150 RT workstation by IBM in
conjunction with Interactive Systems Corporation, who
had previously ported UNIX System III to the IBM PC
for IBM as PC/IX.[14] According to its developers, the
AIX source (for this initial version) consisted of one million lines of code.[15] Installation media consisted of eight
1.2M oppy disks. The RT was based on the ROMP
microprocessor, the rst commercial RISC chip. This
was based on a design pioneered at IBM Research (the
IBM 801) .

AIX 6 was announced in May 2007, and it ran as an open

beta from June 2007 until the general availability (GA)
of AIX 6.1 on November 9, 2007. Major new features in
AIX 6.1 included full role-based access control, workload
partitions (which enable application mobility), enhanced
security (Addition of AES encryption type for NFS v3 One of the novel aspects of the RT design was the use of
and v4), and Live Partition Mobility on the POWER6 a microkernel, called Virtual Resource Manager (VRM).
The keyboard, mouse, display, disk drives and network
hardware.
were all controlled by a microkernel. One could hotkey
AIX 7.1 was announced in April 2010, and an open beta
from one operating system to the next using the Alt-Tab
ran until general availability of AIX 7.1 in September
key combination. Each OS in turn would get possession
2010. Several new features, including better scalability,
of the keyboard, mouse and display. Besides AIX v2, the
enhanced clustering and management capabilities were
PICK OS also utilized this microkernel.
added. AIX 7.1 includes a new built-in clustering capability called Cluster Aware AIX. AIX is able to orga- Much of the AIX v2 kernel was written in the PL/8
nize multiple LPARs through the multipath communica- programming language, which proved troublesome durtions channel to neighboring CPUs, enabling very high- ing the migration to AIX v3. AIX v2 included full
speed communication between processors. This enables TCP/IP networking, as well as SNA and two networkmulti-terabyte memory address range and page table ac- ing le systems: NFS, licensed from Sun Microsystems,
cess to support global petabyte shared memory space for and Distributed Services (DS). DS had the distinction of
AIX POWER7 clusters so that software developers can being built on top of SNA, and thereby being fully comprogram a cluster as if it were a single system, without patible with DS on the IBM midrange AS/400 and mainusing message passing (i.e. semaphore-controlled Inter- frame systems. For the graphical user interfaces, AIX v2
process Communication). AIX administrators can use came with the X10R3 and later the X10R4 and X11 verthis new capability to cluster a pool of AIX nodes. By sions of the X Window System from MIT, together with
default, AIX V7.1 pins kernel memory and includes sup- the Athena widget set. Compilers for Fortran and C were
port to allow applications to pin their kernel stack. Pin- available. One of the more popular desktop applications
was the PageMaker desktop publishing software.

2.4

IA-64 systems

3
eort was made partly to allow IBM to compete with
Amdahl UTS. Unlike AIX/370, AIX/ESA ran both natively as the host operating system, and as a guest under VM. AIX/ESA, while technically advanced, had little
commercial success, partially because UNIX functionality was added as an option to the existing mainframe operating system, MVS, which became MVS/ESA OpenEdition in 1999.

2.4 IA-64 systems

AIX PS/2 running on Virtual PC

2.2

IBM PS/2 series

As part of Project Monterey, IBM released a beta test

version of AIX 5L for the IA-64 (Itanium) architecture
in 2001, but this never became an ocial product due to
lack of interest.[10]

AIX PS/2 (also known as AIX/386) was developed by

Locus Computing Corporation under contract to IBM.[14] 2.5 Apple Network Servers
AIX PS/2, rst released in 1987,[16] ran on IBM PS/2
personal computers with Intel 386 and compatible pro- The Apple Network Server systems were PowerPC-based
systems designed by Apple Computer to have numerous
cessors.
high-end features that standard Apple hardware did not
The product was announced in September 1988 with have, including swappable hard drives, redundant power
a baseline tag price of $595, although some utilities supplies, and external monitoring capability. These syslike uucp were included in a separate Extension package tems were more or less based on the Power Macintosh
priced at $250. nro and tro for AIX were also sold hardware available at the time but were designed to use
separately in a Text Formatting System package priced at AIX (versions 4.1.4 or 4.1.5) as their native operating sys$200. The TCP/IP stack for AIX PS/2 retailed for an- tem in a specialized version specic to the ANS.
other $300. The X Window package was priced at $195,
while the C and FORTRAN compilers each had a price AIX was only compatible with the Network Servers and
tag of $275. Locus also made available their DOS Merge was not ported to standard Power Macintosh hardware.
virtual machine environment for AIX, which could run Not to be confused is A/UX, Apples earlier version of
MS DOS 3.3 applications inside AIX; DOS Merge was Unix for 68k-based Macintoshes.
sold separately for another $250.[17] IBM also oered a
$150 AIX PS/2 DOS Server Program, which provided 2.6 POWER/PowerPC-based systems
le server and print server services for client computers
running PC DOS 3.3.[18]
The last version of PS/2 AIX is 1.3. It was released in
1992 and announced to add support for non-IBM (nonmicrochannel) computers as well.[19] Support for PS/2
AIX ended in March 1995.[20]

2.3

IBM mainframes

In 1988, IBM announced AIX/370, also developed by

Locus Computing. AIX/370 was IBMs third attempt
to oer Unix-like functionality for their mainframe line,
specically the System/370 (the prior versions were
a TSS/370 based Unix system developed jointly with
AT&T c.1980,[7] and VM/IX, a VM/370 based system developed jointly with Interactive Systems Corporation c.1984). AIX/370 was released in 1990 with functional equivalence to System V Release 2 and 4.3BSD
as well as IBM enhancements. With the introduction
of the ESA/390 architecture, AIX/370 was replaced by
AIX/ESA in 1991, which was based on OSF/1, and
also ran on the System/390 platform. This development

AIX RS/6000 servers running ibm.com in early 1998

The release of AIX version 3 (sometimes called

AIX/6000) coincided with the announcement of the rst
POWER1-based IBM RS/6000 models in 1990.
AIX v3 innovated in several ways on the software side.
It was the rst operating system to introduce the idea

3 VERSIONS
System, together with Motif as the recommended
widget collection and window manager.
Network le systems: NFS from Sun; AFS, the
Andrew File System; and DFS, the Distributed File
System.
NCS, the Network Computing System, licensed
from Apollo Computer (later acquired by HP).
DPS on-screen display system. This was notable as a
plan B in case the X11+Motif combination failed
in the marketplace. However, it was highly proprietary, supported only by Sun, NeXT, and IBM. This
cemented its failure in the marketplace in the face
of the open systems challenge of X11+Motif and its
lack of 3D capability.
As of 2015, AIX runs on IBM Power, System p, System
i, System p5, System i5, eServer p5, eServer pSeries
and eServer i5 server product lines, as well as IBM
BladeCenter blades[21] and IBM PureFlex compute nodes
based on Power Architecture technology.

AIX RS/6000 servers running ibm.com in early 1998

2.6.1 POWER7 AIX features

AIX 7.1 fully exploits systems based on POWER7 processors include the Active Memory Expansion feature,
which increases system exibility where system administrators can congure logical partitions (LPARs) to use
less physical memory. For example, an LPAR running
AIX appears to the OS applications to be congured with
80 GB of physical memory but the hardware actually
only consumes 60 GB of physical memory. Active Memory Expansion is a virtual memory compression system
which employs memory compression technology to transparently compress in-memory data, allowing more data to
be placed into memory and thus expanding the memory
capacity of POWER7 systems. Utilizing Active Memory
Expansion can improve system utilization and increase a
systems throughput. AIX 7 automatically manages the
size of memory pages used to automatically use 4 KB,
Other notable subsystems included:
64 KB or a combination of those page sizes. This self IRIS GL, a 3D rendering library, the progenitor of tuning feature results in optimized performance without
OpenGL. IRIS GL was licensed by IBM from SGI in administrative eort.
1987, then still a small company which had sold only
one thousand machines to date. SGI also provided
2.6.2 POWER8 AIX features
the low-end graphics card for the RS/6000, capable of drawing 20,000 gouraud-shaded triangles per
AIX 7.2 exploits POWER8 hardware features including
second. The high-end graphics card was designed
accelerators and eight-way hardware multithreading.
by IBM, a follow-on to the mainframe-based IBM
5080, capable of rendering 990,000 vectors per second.
of a journaling le system, JFS, which allowed for fast
boot times by avoiding the need to ensure the consistency
of the le systems on disks (see fsck) on every reboot.
Another innovation was shared libraries which avoid the
need for static linking from an application to the libraries
it used. The resulting smaller binaries used less of the
hardware RAM to run, and used less disk space to install. Besides improving performance, it was a boon to
developers: executable binaries could be in the tens of
kilobytes instead of a megabyte for an executable statically linked to the C library. AIX v3 also scrapped the
microkernel of AIX v2, a contentious move that resulted
in v3 containing no PL/I code and being somewhat more
pure than v2.

3 Versions

PHIGS, another 3D rendering API, popular in automotive CAD/CAM circles, and at the core of
3.1
CATIA.
Full implementation of version 11 of the X Window

POWER/PowerPC releases

AIX V7.2, October 5, 2015 [22]

3.1

POWER/PowerPC releases

5
AIX Security Expert A system and network security hardening tool
Encrypting JFS2 lesystem
Trusted AIX
Trusted Execution
Integrated Electronic Service Agent for auto
error reporting
Concurrent Kernel Maintenance
Kernel exploitation of POWER6 storage keys
ProbeVue dynamic tracing
Systems Director Console for AIX
Integrated lesystem snapshot

The default login banner for AIX 5.3 on PowerPC

Live update for Interim Fixes - replace the entire AIX kernel without impacting applications
Flash based lesystem caching
Cluster Aware AIX automation with repository replacement mechanism

Requires POWER4 or newer CPUs

AIX 6 withdrawn from Marketing eective
April 2016 and from Support eective April,
2017[25]
AIX 5L 5.3, August 13, 2004,[26] end of support
April 30, 2012
NFS Version 4

SRIOV-backed VNIC, or dedicated VNIC

virtualized network adapter support

Advanced Accounting

RDSv3 over RoCE adds support of the Oracle RDSv3 protocol over the Mellanox Connect RoCE adapters

Virtual Ethernet

Requires POWER7 or newer CPUs

AIX V7.1, September 10, 2010[23]

Virtual SCSI
Exploitation of Simultaneous multithreading
(SMT)
Micro-Partitioning enablement
POWER5 exploitation

Support for 256 cores / 1024 threads in a single

LPAR

JFS2 quotas

The ability to run AIX V5.2 or V5.3 inside of

a Workload Partition

kernel scheduler has been enhanced to dynamically increase and decrease the use of virtual
processors.

An XML prole based system conguration

management utility
Support for export of Fibre Channel adapters
to WPARs
VIOS disk support in a WPAR
Cluster Aware AIX
AIX Event infrastructure
Role-based access control (RBAC) with domain support for multi-tenant environments
AIX V6.1, November 9, 2007[24]
Workload Partitions (WPARs) operating
system-level virtualization
Live Application Mobility
Live Partition Mobility
Security
Role Based Access Control RBAC

Ability to shrink a JFS2 lesystem

AIX 5L 5.2, October 18, 2002,[26] end of support

April 30, 2009[27]
Ability to run on the IBM BladeCenter JS20
with the PowerPC 970
Minimum level required for POWER5 hardware
MPIO for Fibre Channel disks
iSCSI Initiator software
Participation in Dynamic LPAR
Concurrent I/O (CIO) feature introduced for
JFS2 released in Maintenance Level 01 in May
2003[28]
AIX 5L 5.1, May 4, 2001 (Support discontinued
April 1, 2006)[29]
Ability to run on an IA-64 architecture processor, although this never went beyond beta[30]

4 USER INTERFACES
Minimum level required for POWER4 hard- 3.2 IBM PS/2 releases
ware and the last release that worked on the
AIX PS/2 v1.1, 1989
Micro Channel architecture
64-bit kernel, installed but not activated by de last version was 1.3, 1992.
fault
JFS2
Ability to run in a Logical Partition on 3.3 IBM 6150 RT releases
POWER4
AIX v2.0
The L stands for Linux anity
Trusted Computing Base (TCB)
last version was 2.2.1.
Support for mirroring with striping
AIX v1.0, 1986
AIX 4.3.3, September 17, 1999
Online backup function
Workload Manager (WLM)
Introduction of topas utility

4 User interfaces

AIX 4.3.2, October 23, 1998

AIX 4.3.1, April 24, 1998
First TCSEC security evaluation, completed
December 18, 1998[31]
AIX 4.3, October 31, 1997
Ability to run on 64-bit architecture CPUs
IPv6
Web-based System Manager
AIX 4.2.1, April 25, 1997
NFS Version 3
AIX 4.2, May 17, 1996
AIX 4.1.5, November 8, 1996
AIX 4.1.4, October 20, 1995
AIX 4.1.3, July 7, 1995
CDE 1.0 became the default GUI environment, replacing Motif Window Manager.
AIX 4.1.1, October 28, 1994

The Common Desktop Environment, AIXs default graphical user

interface

The default shell was Bourne shell up to AIX version 3,

but was changed to Korn shell (ksh88) in version 4 in view
of XPG4 and POSIX compliance.[34]

4.1 Graphical

AIX 4.1, August 12, 1994

The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is AIXs default graphical user interface. As part of Linux An AIX 4.0, 1994
ity and the free AIX Toolboxes for Linux Applica Run on RS/6000 systems with PowerPC pro- tions (ATLA), open-source KDE Plasma Workspaces
and GNOME desktop are also available.
cessors and PCI busses.
AIX 3.2 1992
AIX 3.1, February 1990
Journaled File System (JFS) lesystem type

4.2 System Management Interface Tool

SMIT is the System Management Interface Tool for AIX.

It allows a user to navigate a menu hierarchy of com AIX 3.0 1989
mands, rather than using the command line. Invocation
LVM (Logical Volume Manager) was incorpo- is typically achieved with the command smit. Experirated into OSF/1, and in 1995 for HP-UX,[32] enced system administrators make use of the F6 funcand the Linux LVM implementation is similar tion key which generates the command line that SMIT
to the HP-UX LVM implementation.[33]
will invoke to complete it. SMIT also generates a log of
SMIT was introduced.
commands that are performed in the smit.script le. The

[6] Amdahl launches UTS mainframe unix. 1993.

[7] Felton, W. A.; Miller, G. L.; Milner, J. M. (1984). A
UNIX System Implementation for System/370 (PDF).
AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal 63 (8).
[8] Gallant, John (February 18, 1985). Users: new life for
VM. Computerworld. p. 11.
[9] Gallant, John (February 18, 1985). Software steals
3090s thunder: VM gets XA version; Unix fully supported. Computerworld. pp. 1, 8.
The initial menu, when running in text mode.

[10] Jones, Pamela (August 25, 2005). 2002 IBM Internal Email on Project Monterey - No One Wants It"".
Groklaw. Retrieved 2007-05-20.

smit.script le automatically records the commands with [11] Novell Wins Again Jury Rules Copyrights Didn't Go
the command ags and parameters used. The smit.script
to SCO. 2010-03-30. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
le can be used as an executable shell script to rerun system conguration tasks. SMIT also creates the smit.log [12] IBM AIX 7 preview. IBM Corporation. 2010-04-16.
Retrieved 2010-04-16.
le, which contains additional detailed information that
can be used by programmers in extending the SMIT sys[13] IBM AIX 7.2 Announcement Letter. IBM.com. Retem.
trieved 2015-10-05.

smit and smitty refer to the same program, though smitty

invokes the text-based version, while smit will invoke an [14] Patricia Keefe (July 6, 1986). IBM, Locus to co-develop
PS/2 AIX system. Computerworld. p. 8. ISSN 0010X Window System based interface if possible; however,
4841.
if smit determines that X Window System capabilities are
not present, it will present the text-based version instead [15] IBM joins 32-bit fray with RT line. Computerworld. Janof failing. Determination of X Window System capabiluary 27, 1986. p. 8. ISSN 0010-4841.
ities is typically performed by checking for the existence
[16] {{cite
web|url=http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/
of the DISPLAY variable.

See also
AOS, IBMs educational-market port of 4.3BSD
List of Unix systems
nmon
Operating systems timeline
Service Update Management Assistant

References

ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/2/877/
ENUSZP87-0422/index.html&lang=en&request_
locale=en |title=IBM AIX PS2 1987 Announcement Letter |publisher=IBM.com |date|accessdate=1987-11-03}}

[17] IBM Announces Broad Range of Unix-Related Tools, Products. InfoWorld. November 16, 1987. p. 8. ISSN 01996649.
[18] AIX for PS/2. Computerworld. February 22, 1988. p. 55.
ISSN 0010-4841.
[19] Cate Corcoran (September 28, 1992). IBM announces increased support for Unix on PCs. InfoWorld. p. 16. ISSN
0199-6649.
[20] http://web.archive.org/web/20030428132638/os2ports.
com/docs/aix/withdraw.html
[21] AIX Version 7.1. Retrieved 2011-05-03.

[1] Unix Pronunciation Around Teh Table

[2] The Open Brand Register of Certied Products. The
Open Group. 2014-05-29. Retrieved 2014-05-29.
[3] UNIX turns 40. IBM Corporation. 2011-02-09. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
[4] Johnson, Stephen C.; Ritchie, Dennis M. (1978).
Portability of C Programs and the UNIX System
(PDF). Bell System Technical Journal 57 (6): 20212048.
doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1978.tb02141.x.
[5] Poulsen, Lars (2001), IBM 360/370/3090/390

[22] IBM AIX 7.2 Announcement Letter. IBM.com. Retrieved 2015-10-05.

[23] IBM AP Announcement Letter. IBM.com. Retrieved
2010-12-27.
[24] IBM AIX Version 6.1 operating system: Overview.
IBM.com. Retrieved 2010-12-27.
[25] Software withdrawal and support discontinuance: IBM
AIX 6, IBM System Director for Power Systems and associated licensed programs. IBM.com. Retrieved 201509-29.

[26] System p product lifecycle dates. IBM Software Support. Retrieved 2010-12-27.
[27] System p product lifecycle dates. IBM Software Support. Retrieved 2010-12-27.
[28] Improving Database Performance With AIX Concurrent
I/O - White Paper
[29] IBM Software Support Lifecycle (XML)
[30] Unigroup Next Meeting Announcement
[31] IBM Press Release
[32] Sontag, John. How HP improved the performance, reliability, and ease of use of its agship PA-RISC operating
system. Byte. Archived from the original on October 20,
1996.
[33] http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix01/freenix01/full_
papers/teigland/teigland_html/index.html
[34] Casey Cannon; Scott Trent; Carolyn Jones (1999). Simply AIX 4.3. Prentice Hall PTR. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-13021344-0.

External links
AIX Strength to Strength: Summary of features for
AIX and related products
AIX Linkedin group
AIX Fix Central
AIX User Groups
Submit AIX Request for Enhancements
AIX Toolbox for Linux Applications
AIX version 7.1 knowledge center
AIX version 6.1 information center
AIX version 6.1 overview
AIX version 5.3 Documentation
AIX Virtual User Group
AIX/ESA V2R2 General Information
IBM AIX page
IBM Systems AIX Magazine
IBM Electronic Service Agent
AIX Health Check
Rootvg.net - Independent Portal for AIX &
POWER
AIX shell accounts
AIX Commands, Tools, Scripts and Explanations
80-page marketing booklet from 1989 explaining
IBMs AIX vision at the time

EXTERNAL LINKS

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1

Text

IBM AIX Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_AIX?oldid=689090846 Contributors: Damian Yerrick, The Anome, Aldie, Ghakko,
Roadrunner, SimonP, Mrwojo, Edward, Nixdorf, Liftarn, Eurleif, Ahoerstemeier, KAMiKAZOW, Haakon, Popsracer, Bemoeial, Dmsar,
Dysprosia, Maximus Rex, Wernher, 1984, Vespristiano, Stewartadcock, Merovingian, Tobias Bergemann, David Gerard, Peterklevy, Lupin,
Sjh~enwiki, Spencer195, Ssd, Proslaes, AlistairMcMillan, Eequor, Bobblewik, Leonard Vertighel, Quadell, Maximaximax, Szajd, Thparkth, Boojum, ChrisRuvolo, Twenex, Rich Farmbrough, Guanabot, Bender235, CanisRufus, Joanjoc~enwiki, Kwamikagami, Tverbeek,
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Jim carson, SolarisBigot, SHOlafsson, Inzy, Cydebot, Nicolette7, Thijs!bot, Kubanczyk, Headbomb, JustAGal, Escarbot, Gioto, Widefox, Franciosi, Prolog, Mdotley, AIXMAN, JAnDbot, Tigga, NapoliRoma, Arch dude, Esc2006, Jtk6204, Gwern, CommonsDelinker,
Numbo3, Gareth.randall, Phastyer, Tanmay dh, BlanchardJ, MenasimBot, Rei-bot, Vanished user ikijeirw34iuaeolaseric, Amol pharate,
Thunderbird2, Michael Frind, SieBot, Eagleal, Jdaloner, Shooke, ImageRemovalBot, Niceguyedc, Trivialist, R.traverso, Rbakels, John
Nevard, Chengwei01, John at Lancelotlinc, MichaelFelt, DumZiBoT, Ptfbending, The cyberdude, Ghettoblaster, Legobot, Luckas-bot,
Yobot, Ptbotgourou, Nicolettem, Tvlooy, AnomieBOT, LGee LGee, Jim1138, Galoubet, Nhussaina, LilHelpa, Andrewmc123, Xqbot,
Misi91, Louieo, XZeroBot, Whtang11, Metalindustrien, Reltech001, Krisgillespie, Skyerise, Jandalhandler, FoxBot, Trappist the monk,
RjwilmsiBot, DASHBot, EmausBot, WikitanvirBot, Madhav.vishnubhatta, Jyundt, Alisha.4m, Kkm010, Thargor Orlando, StasMalyga,
Mr. Igra, ClueBot NG, Matthiaspaul, ChrisLS120, Theopolisme, Helpful Pixie Bot, FuFoFuEd, Abinashjan84, Acidplasm, ScholarWarrior, ChrisGualtieri, Ccbowman, Comp.arch, Huihermit, One Of Seven Billion, Someone not using his real name, -1, Monkbot,
GinAndChronically, Sameertilloo, Macofe, Chromeaix and Anonymous: 215

8.2

Images

File:Aixps2.gif Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3e/Aixps2.gif License: Fair use Contributors:

Own work
Original artist: ?
File:CDE_2012_on_Linux.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/CDE_2012_on_Linux.png License:
LGPL Contributors: http://sourceforge.net/p/cdesktopenv/wiki/LinuxBuild/ Original artist: ?
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: Cc-bysa-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:IBM-AIX_logo20080906.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6f/IBM-AIX_logo20080906.png License: Fair
use Contributors:
The logo may be obtained from IBM AIX.
Original artist: ?
File:IBM_AIX_4_Login_Prompt.jpeg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/IBM_AIX_4_Login_Prompt.
jpeg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mightyohm/5693961665 Original artist: Je Keyzer
File:IBM_AIX_53.PNG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/10/IBM_AIX_53.PNG License: Fair use Contributors:
Self-created, obtained by logging into an AIX system
Original artist: ?
File:IBM_RS6000_AIX_File_Servers_IBM.COM_1998.jpeg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/IBM_
RS6000_AIX_File_Servers_IBM.COM_1998.jpeg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/epc/
456554280/ Original artist: https://www.flickr.com/photos/epc
File:IBM_RS6000_AIX_Servers_IBM.COM_1998_(1).jpeg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/IBM_
RS6000_AIX_Servers_IBM.COM_1998_%281%29.jpeg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/epc/
456569763/in/photostream/ Original artist: Ed Costello
File:IBM_RS6000_AIX_Servers_IBM.COM_1998_(2).jpeg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/IBM_
RS6000_AIX_Servers_IBM.COM_1998_%282%29.jpeg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/epc/
456554364/in/photostream/ Original artist: Ed Costello
File:Question_book-new.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0
Contributors:
Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original artist:
Tkgd2007
File:Screenshot_of_IBM_AIX_SMIT_Initial_Menu.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/32/Screenshot_of_
IBM_AIX_SMIT_Initial_Menu.png License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Symbol_book_class2.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg License: CC
BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Mad by Lokal_Prol by combining: Original artist: Lokal_Prol

10

8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

8.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0