BAU-RCIII-Lecture 1

Shear Friction

Dr. Zaher Abou SalehBAU-Dept. of Civil

Engineering-Debbieh Campus-RCIII-Lecture 1

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

Reinforcement details for precast

concrete structures, and other
situations where it is considered
appropriate to investigate shear
transfer across a plane in structural
concrete.

An interface
between concrete
and steel

Shear friction
concept
applications

Where concrete is
cast against concrete
not intentionally
roughened

Provisions of the shear-friction are to be applied where it is appropriate to consider

shear transfer across a given plane, such as: an existing or potential crack, an
interface between dissimilar materials, or an interface between two concretes cast
at different times.
2

The concept is simple to apply and allows the designer to visualize the structural
action within the member or joint. The approach is to assume that a crack has
formed at an expected location, as illustrated in Fig. 1-1. As slip begins to occur
along the crack, the roughness of the crack surface forces the opposing faces of the
crack to separate. This separation is resisted by reinforcement (Avf) across the
assumed crack.

Nu
Vu

Vu = RusinF + TucosF
Nu = TusinF - RucosF

Fig. 1-1, Idealization of the Shear-Friction Concept

Shear-friction design is to be used where direct shear is being transferred across a given
plane. Situations where shear-friction design is appropriate include the interface between
concretes cast at different times, an interface between concrete and steel, and connections
of precast constructions, etc. Example locations of direct shear transfer and potential
cracks for application of the shear-friction concept are shown in Fig. 16-2 for several types
of members.

Fig. 1-1, Applications of the Shear-Friction Concept and Potential Crack Locations
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Required shear-transfer strength = Design shear-transfer strength

The required area of shear-friction
reinforcement, can be computed directly from
= 0.75
1-2

For shear reinforcement inclined to the crack,

the required area of shear-friction
reinforcement can be computed directly from

Fig. 1-2

Ac=bwd=concrete section resisting shear transfer

The shear friction equations assume that there are no forces other than shear acting on
the shear plane. A certain amount of moment is almost always present in brackets,
corbels, and other connections due to eccentricity of loads or applied moments at
connections. Therefore, it is recommended, although not generally required, that
the member be designed for a minimum direct tensile force of at least 0.2Ru in addition to
the shear. Assuming the direct tension perpendicular to the assumed crack (shear plane)
then the ,
Sin(f)

Tu

0.2Ru

For the beam support shown, design for shear transfer across the potential crack plane.
Assume a crack at an angle of about 20 degrees to the vertical, as shown below. Beam
reactions are DL = 110 kN, LL= 130 kN. Use T = 90 kN as an estimate of shrinkage and
temperature change effects. Concrete was cast monolithically.
fc=25MPa (Normal weight) and fy=400Mpa
200mm

25mm

100mm

400mm

Required:
Design for shear transfer across the potential crack plane. i.e required reinforcement
and checking
SOLUTION
MATERIAL
Concrete cylinder strength = 25Mpa
Steel grade = Grade 400Mpa
DIMENSION
b = 400 mm
FACTORED LOADS
Ru=1.2DL+1.6LL=1.2(110)+1.6(130)=340kN

LIMITATION CHECK
Potential crack length=125/sin20=365.5mm
Ac=(l)(b)=(365.5)(400)=146000mm2
1) 0.2fc=5Mpa (Controls)
2) 3.3+0.08fc=5.3Mpa
3) 11Mpa
then Vn=(0.75)(0.2fc) (Ac)=547.5kN
Vn>Vu, Design can be proceeded in the
next slide

Tu due to temperature and shrinkage effects, Tu=1.6(90)=144kN (controls)

Tu should not be less than 0.2Ru=0.2(340)=68kN
EVALUATE FORCE CONDITION ALONG POTENTIAL CRACK PLAN
Direct shear transfer force along shear plan,
Vu=Ru sin+Tu cos =340 sin(70)+144 cos(70)=368.75kN, see next figure

Net tension or compression across shear plan,

Nu=Tu sin- Ru cos=144 sin (70)-340 cos(70)= 19kN,
SHEAR FRICTION REINFORCEMENT TO RESIST
DIRECT SHEAR TRANSFER
=1.4=1.4

f=

Therefore Avf=741.5mm2
REINFORCEMENT TO RESIST NET TENSION
Therefore An=63.3mm2
Sin(f)
67.4

TOTAL AREA OF REQUIRED REINFORCEMENT

809

As=Avf+An=804.8mm2
Distribute the above reinforcement uniformly along the potential crack plane
Required number of ties=804.8/[(2(71)]=5.66, say 6 ties
So use No. 10 closed ties (2 legs per tie) 5.7
Ties should be distributed along length of potential crack plane;
approximate length=125/tan20=343.5mm, see next figure

10

CHECK REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR

DEAD LOAD ONLY PLUS SHRINKAGE AND
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS TO MAXIMIZE NET
TENSION ACROSS SHEAR PLANE.

75mm

Use 0.9 load factor for DL

Vu=99 sin(70)+144 cos(70)=142.3kN
Nu=144 sin (70)-99 cos(70)= 101.5kN
360
Therefore,
Avf =310.3mm2 and An=338.2mm2

343.5mm

Ru=0.9DL=0.9(110)=99kN

6 No. 10 closed
ties spaced at
60 mm o.c

Then, As=Avf+An=648.5mm2<804.8mm2 OK
670

Dr. Zaher Abou SalehBAU-Dept. of Civil

Engineering-Debbieh Campus-RCIII-Lecture 1

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