HYPOSPADIA

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Definisi
Berasal dari kata hypos yang berarti bawah dan spadon atau celah/keratin yang panjang sehingga
hipospadia dapat didefinisikan sebagai anomali (hipo/dysplasia) dimana uretra tidak terletak
pada ujung melainkan pada ventral penis. Letak meatus uretra bervariasi yaitu dari glandular
sampai perineal
Hypospadias is thought to result from failure of the urinary channel to completely
tubularize to the end of the penis. The most common associated defect is an
undescended testicle, which has been reported in approximately 3% of infants with
distal hypospadias and 10% of those having proximal hypospadias. [9] he
combination of hypospadias and an undescended testicle sometimes indicates a
disorder of sexual differentiation, and so additional testing may be recommended. [10]
[11]
Otherwise no blood tests or X-rays are routinely needed in newborns with
hypospadias.[3]WIKI

Salah satu kelainan kongenital yang paling sering ditemukan pada neonates laki-laki dengan
rasio angkakejadian 1;300
Merupakan kelainan bawaan

3 kelainan yg ditemukan pd hipospadia chordee ventral hood

Kelainan bawaan pemnyerta: hernia xx, undescended testis, intersex, micropenis

Diagnosis
However, not all newborns with partial foreskin development have hypospadias, as
some have a normal urinary opening with a hooded foreskin, which is called
chordee without hypospadias
Megameatus with intact prepuce (MIP) variant of hypospadias occurs when the
foreskin is normal and there is a concealed hypospadias. The condition is discovered
during newborn circumcision or later in childhood when the foreskin begins to
retract. A newborn with normal-appearing foreskin and a straight penis who is
discovered to have hypospadias after a circumcision was started can have
circumcision completed without worry for jeopardizing future hypospadias repair. [12]
[13]
Hypospadias discovered after a circumcision is almost never a result of injury
during the circumcision.

If the penis is small, testosterone or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injections

may be given to enlarge it before surgery. [3]

Ivp, sistokospi, ureteroskopi evaluasi perkembangan organ reproduksi internal

Urografi deteksi kelainan kongenital pada ginjal dan ureter
Karyotyping dan apusan buccal menentukan jenis kelamin
Usg ginjal
Prosedur operasi

Embryologi
Urethra ginjal dll system urinaria

Teknik operasi uuntuk jenis apa pilihannya apa

Etiologi hormone dll
Patof
2 proses patologi
Sirkumsisi
Follow up
Chordectomy
One stage and two stage urethroplasty
Tes ereksi
Komplikasi hipospadia
Komplikasi pasca operasi awal dan jangka panjang