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Design
Examples
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Where appropriate, these examples have been simplified as much as possible in order to
facilitate ease of comparison between the different steels. Each example contains a brief
explanation of the structural element and the loading applied. Also provided are some typical
examples of applications in which the structural element may be utilised.
DESIGN CODES RELATING TO THE USE OF HIGH STRENGTH QUENCHED AND TEMPERED PLATE
MEMBERS IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS.
There is currently no Australian Standard covering the design of structural elements utilising
high strength quenched and tempered steels. The SAA Steel Structures Code, AS 4100-1990,
may be used for the design of structures in steel grades up to 450 MPa, beyond which the
general provisions of the code are not applicable.
AS4100 does not exclude the use of structural steels in excess of 450 MPa yield stress.
However, in order to adequately design and demonstrate the validity of a design in such
steels, it is necessary to engage an appropriate international standard which has been
specifically developed to cater for the use of high strength steels.
One such code, and the most commonly used in Australia for design in high strength steels is
the American Institute of Steel Constructions (AISC) Specification For Structural Steel
Buildings - Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design, June 1, 1989. This code has been
proven to provide relatively simple and efficient methods of structural design for all types of
structural elements, and has been used in the development of each of the design examples
contained within this publication.
A limit state version of the AISC specification is also available, and should be equally
effective in the design of High Strength Steel structures. It should also be noted that Bisplate
80 steel, at 690 MPa yield stress, is right on the upper limit of 100 ksi yield stress steel
covered by the AISC specification. Above this yield stress the AISC specification is not
applicable.
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In multi-storey construction
Heavy industrial structures
Storage silos/Hopper supports
SECTION
500WC383
tf = 20
d1 = 400
tw = 16
bf = 500
WEIGHT Kg/m
383
207
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Fig 3
Ag = 48,800 mm2
Ix = 1,890 x 106mm4
Iy = 751 x 106mm4
rx = 197mm
ry = 124mm
fy = 280 MPa
Ag = 26,400 mm2 = An = Ae
Iy = 416.8 x 106mm4
Ry = Iy
A = 125.7mm
fy = 690 MPa
= 100 Ksi
500WC383
AS4100
Reference
6.2.1
6.3.3
Section Capacity
NS = KfAnfy
An=Ag=Ae
Kf = 1.0
Ns = 13664 KN
Ns = 12,298 KN > N*
AISC Spec.
Reference
= 7,333 KN
Fa = 40.29 ksi
OK
Member Capacity
Nc = c Ns N
B5
Table B5.1
c = {[1-[1-(90/) ]} = 0.8945
Nc = 12,222 KN
Nc = 11,000 KN N* OK
Nominal Mass of Column = 383 kg/m
Slender Element
Table B5.1
Web:
Non-Compact Element
Slender elements involved
Design by Appendix B
App. B
B5a
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AISC Spec.
Reference
B5c
Allowable Stress, Fa
C1c = 79.44 > kl
r
kl 2
r
Q
12Cc,2
Fa =
Eq A-B5-11
5
3+
Fy
3
kl
r
kl
r
8Cc
8Cc3
OK
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In multi-storey construction
Heavy industrial structures
Roof support in underground mining
Structural beam design was carried out for Grade 300 MPa steel using AS4100-1990. Corresponding
design was carried out for Grade 690 MPa Bisplate 80 steel using the AISC specification.
The results of each design are summarised in Table 2. Representative calculations are provided on the
following pages.
STEEL GRADE
MPa
300
690
SECTION
WEIGHT Kg/m
1200WB392
tf = 25 d1 = 850
tw = 12 bf = 450
392
256
Note that a significant reduction in the depth of the beam was achieved through the use of Bisplate 80, in addition to the
weight waving, while still satisfying the permissible deflection requirements. This is of great importance in underground
mining and multi-storey construction applications, where head room is at a premium.
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A box section is effective in long spans where additional lateral restraint is required within the
beam section to compensate for a lack of external restraints.
A common application of a box section fabricated from high strength Q & T steel in
which the load configuration varies significantly from that described above, is in the
lifting booms of mobile cranes.
Structural beam design was carried out for both Grade 250 MPa steel and Grade 690 MPa
Bisplate 80 steel using the AISC specification.
The results of each design are summarised in Table 3. Representative calculations are
provided on the following pages.
Table 3:
STEEL GRADE
MPa
250
690
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SECTION
WEIGHT Kg/m
tf = 40 d1 = 1120
tw = 10 bf = 500
tf = 25 d1 = 850
tw = 8 bf = 450
490
284
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EXAMPLE 4
HEAVILY LOADED TRUSS
Consider a heavily loaded truss spanning 40m.
Some examples of practical applications where such a truss may be required include :
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SECTION
kg/m
Top Cord
Bottom Cord
Webs
310 UC 137
310 UC 96.8
250 UC89.5
137
96.8
89.5
(45)
TOTAL LENGTH
m
40
40
87.3
(87.3)
Total Weight =
TOTAL WEIGHT
TONNES
5.480
3.872
7.814
(3.929)
17.166
(13.281)
SECTION
tf = 10
tw = 8
tf = 10
tw = 10
tf = 8
tw = 6
d1 = 212
bf = 256
d1 = 212
bf = 260
d1 = 225
bf = 256
kg/m
55
TOTAL LENGTH
m
40
TOTAL WEIGHT
TONNES
2.200
58
40
2.320
43
87.3
3.754
Total Weight =
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8.274
EXAMPLE 5
REVISED DESIGN FOR A LARGE WATER STORAGE TANK
A water storage tank was originally designed in AS3678-1990 Grade 250 and 350 steel plate
to the following parameters:
Height = 14.25m
Diameter = 83.8m
Capacity = 70 MI
The stress calculations for the original design are as shown in Table 6.
Table 6::
DEPTH (m)
PRESSURE
(KPa)
2.85
5.70
8.55
11.40
14.25
28.5
57.0
85.5
114.0
142.5
HOOP
TENSION
(KN/m)
1194
2388
3582
4777
5971
PLATE YIELD
STRENGTH
(MPa)
250
250
250
350
350
PLATE
THICKNESS
(mm)
10
20
25
28
36
STRESS
(MPa)
119
119
143
171
166
A revised design incorporating 690 MPa yield strength Q & T steel plates in the lower two
sections produced the following set of values, shown in Table 7.
Table 7:
DEPTH (m)
PRESSURE
(KPa)
2.85
5.70
8.55
11.40
14.25
28.5
57.0
85.5
114.0
142.5
HOOP
TENSION
(KN/m)
1194
2388
3582
4777
5971
PLATE YIELD
STRENGTH
(MPa)
250
250
250
690
690
PLATE
THICKNESS
(mm)
10
20
20
20
20
STRESS
(MPa)
119
119
179
239
298
As shown in Fig. 15, this revised design resulting in a saving of 25% in the mass of steelwork
in the walls of the tank.
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Please Note:
Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the design examples, however, the information is provided
as a guide only. A structural engineer should be consulted with respect to use for specific projects. Bisalloy does
not warrant the suitability of the design examples for a particular purpose. The purchaser relies on its own skill
and judgement as to the suitability of Bisalloy 80 (Bisplate 80) for its purpose.
Bisalloy Steels shall not be liable for any loss or damage howsoever caused arising from the application of such
information.
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