SUSTAINABLERURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SAANSAD

ADARSH GRAM YOJANA A STUDY ON SELECTED VILLAGES IN

KARANATAKA

Research Proposal Submitted to Tumkur University for the

registration of the Degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN SOCIAL WORK

BY
Mr. BHUSHAN KUMAR C A
Research Scholar

Under the Guidance of

DR. PARASHURAMA K G
Associate Professor & Chairman
Dept. of Studies And Research in Social Work,

Tumkur University, Tumkur

Department of P.G. Studies and Research in
Social Work
TUMKUR UNIVERSITY TUMKUR

2015-2016
SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SAANSAD
ADARSH GRAM YOJANA A STUDY ON SELECTED VILLAGES IN
KARANATAKA

INTRODUCTION:. India is a classical land of villages. Villages constitute the backbone of the
country. Villages continue to contribute 40% of our national income. Villages play a vital role in
the life of the nation. If villages grow and develop, the country shall automatically develop. Due
to globalization villages have lost their self-reliance and face of development. Globalization
impact will not only mismatch the villages but even destroyed the cottage and home industries
that existed in the villages. The economic structure of the villages was shattered, their social
fabric was disturbed.
Mahatma Gandhiji, VinobhaBhave, Jaya Prakash Narayana and all other frontline leaders of the
nation and development oriented people reiterated that the development of the country and its
prosperity depend on its villages. They also had warned that the negligence of the village would
ruin the future of India.
Development is a perpetual process enabling human to expand and/or realize their potentialities
to achieve a greater, better fuller state of living. Rural development as an integral part of
countrys socio-economic development has been recognizes as a sine qua non. The goal of rural
development is the enrichment of the quality of human life in rural areas accompanied by
bridging the rural-urban gap through provision of all amenities.
Efficient rural infrastructure is essential for accelerating the pace of rural development. No
doubt, imbalances in rural infrastructural availability have been a major reason behind lopsided

development in rural India. Creation of effectual rural infrastructural base in the rural areas so as
to accomplish the ambition of sustainable rural development in India.

Sustainable Rural Development can be defined as:

Improving the quality of life for the rural poor by developing capacities that promote community
participation, health and education, food security, environmental protection and sustainable
economic growth, thereby enabling community members to leave the cycle of poverty and
achieve their full potential.
The sustainable rural development is basically the development which meets the need of present
generation of rural people without compromising the capacity of future generations to fulfill their
own needs. This entails sustained efforts to raise the quality of life of rural people. Huge efforts
are being made in India and so also other developing countries to develop their rural areas in
order to reduce Urban-Rural divide by creating conducive environment for resource development
and utilization through upgrading knowledge and skills of the people to make the best use of
available resources.
Sustainable rural development is generally recognized as the product of those human activities
that use the resources of rural territories to increase welfare. Development can be considered as
sustainable if it meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet theirs.
To be socially sustainable, development must deliver material well-being, including good health,
education, and access to the goods and services necessary for decent living; and social, cultural
and political achievements, such as a sense of security, dignity, and the ability to be part of a
community through recognition and representation. All of these are inseparable from the
environmental resources necessary to sustain life, health and well-being.
SaansadAdarsh Gram Yojana is a rural development programmebroadly focusing upon the
development in the villages which includes socialdevelopment, cultural development and spread
motivation among the people on socialmobilization of the village community. The Yojana was

launched on the occasion of birth anniversary of LokNayak Jaya Prakash Narayana aims to keep
the soul of rural India alive while providing its people with quality access to basic amenities and
opportunities to enable them to sharp their own destiny. Inspire by the principles and values of
Mahatma Gandhi, the scheme places equal stress on nurturing values of national pride,
patriotism, community spirit, self-confidence and developing infrastructure.
The yojana is unique and transformative as holistic approach towards development. It envisages
integrated development of the selected village across multiple areas such as agriculture, health,
education, sanitation, environment, livelihoods etc. Far beyond

mere infrastructure

development, SaansadAdarsh Gram Yojana aims at instilling certain values such as peoples
participation, anthyodaya, gender equity, dignity of women, social justice, spirit of community
service, cleanliness, eco-friendliness, maintaining ecological balance,

peace and harmony,

mutual cooperation, self-reliance, local self- government, transparency and accountability in

public life, etc., in the villages and their people so that they get transformed into models for
others.
The Members of Parliament (MPs) are the pivots this scheme will run on. Gram Panchayat
would be the basic unit for development. It will have a population of 3000-5000 in plain areas
and 1000-3000 in hilly, tribal and difficult areas. Indistricts where this unit size is not available,
Gram Panchayats approximatingthe desirable population size may be chosen.
The MP would be free to identify a suitable Gram Panchayat forbeing developed as Adarsh
Gram, other than his/her own village or that ofhis/her spouse.The MP will identify one Gram
Panchayat to be taken upimmediately, and two others to be taken up a little later. Lok Sabha MP
has tochoose a Gram Panchayat from within his/her constituency and Rajya SabhaMP a Gram
Panchayat from the rural area of a district of his/her choice in theState from which he/she is
elected. Nominated MPs may choose a GramPanchayat from the rural area of any district in the
country. In the case ofurban constituencies, (where there are no Gram Panchayats), the MP
willidentify a Gram Panchayat from a nearby rural constituency.Primarily, the goal is to develop
three Adarsh Grams by March2019, of which one would be achieved by 2016. Thereafter, five
such AdarshGrams (one per year) will be selected and developed by 2024.Converging resources
from Central Sector and Centrally SponsoredSchemes and also other state schemes to the extent
possible.

SaansadAdarsh Gram Yojana gives focus to community participation. Social mobilization of

village community can contribute for strengthening local democracy and good governance.
SaansadAdarsh Gran Yojana intends to translate the Mahatma Gandhis concept of Gram Swaraj
wherein Adarsh Grams will be the nucleus of health, cleanliness, greenery and cordiality within
the residential area. For the sustainable social development of any strategy depends upon the
participation of people, decent from the representative and to the common man. A dedicated
participation in our own development certainly accomplishes the dream of Gandhiji.

Review of literature:
A literature review is an evaluative report of information found in the literature related to the
selected area of study. The review should describe, summarize, evaluate and clarifies the
literature. It will give a sound conceptual and theoretical base for the research and help to
determine the nature of the research. The purpose of such a review is to develop a clear
understanding of the phenomena under investigation. This chapter aims at reviewing the existing
literature on the sustainable rural development in Karnataka.
The 2011census estimates: about 67% of the countrys total population continues to live in rural
India that neither haveadequate land holdings nor alternate service opportunities to produce or
procure essential commodities. In the absence of adequate employment opportunities, the rural
people are unable to generate enough wages to sustain their livelihood.Elimination of poverty,
ignorance, diseases and inequality of opportunitiesand providing a better and higher quality of
life were the basic premises uponwhich all the plans and blue-prints of development were built.
Sustainable Development,In 1987, the Bruntland Commission published its report, Our
Common Future, is development that meets the needs of the present without usurping those of
thefuture generations. Sustainable Developmentrequires the elimination of fragmentation; that is,
environmental, social, and economic concerns must be integrated throughout decision making
processes in order to move towards development that is truly sustainable. Sustainable
development stresses the importance of permanent growth and development.
According to the UN Food and Agricultural Organization in Rome:"Sustainable development is
the management and conservation of the natural resources base, and the orientation of
technological and institutional change in such a manner as to ensure the attainment and

continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations. Such sustainable
development in the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors conserves land, water, plant and
animal genetic resources, is environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate,
economically viable and socially acceptable." (FAO, 1988)
Sustainable development is necessarily people-centred and planet-sensitive (Bali Communiqu
of the High-Level Panel, 28 March 2013), guided by values of equal rights and social justice,
enabled by proactive states and well-functioning institutions, and shaped through the
participation of empowered populations.
Daly wrote that sustainable development is a term that everyone likes, but nobody is sure of
what it means (at least it sounds better than unsustainable development) (1996: 2).
Rural Development implies both the economic betterment of people as well as greater social
transformation. Rural development implies desired positive change in the rural areas both in
qualitativeand quantitative sense. The reduction of hunger, poverty, unemployment and
inequalityconstitutes rural development, which in improves the quality of life and standard of
living of therural masses.
It is a choice influenced by time, space and culture. The term rural development connotes overall
development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural people. In this sense, it is a
comprehensive and multidimensional concept, and encompasses the development of agriculture
and allied activities, village and cottage industries and crafts, socio-economic infrastructure,
community services and facilities and, above all, human resources in rural areas. As a
phenomenon, rural development is the end-result of interactions between various physical,
technological, economic, social, cultural and institutional factors. As a strategy, it is designed to
improve the economic and social well-being of a specific group of people the rural poor. As a
discipline, it is multi disciplinary in nature, representing an intersection of agriculture, social,
behavioural, engineering and management sciences. (Katar Singh 1999).
The Genesis of rural development in India goes to the timeof Sri Rabindranath Tagore, who first
made an attempt atShanthiniketan and gave a call to people to come back to villagesin the natural
surroundings where nature bestows the peoplewith its pristine beauty. Mahatma Gandhi was
more practical inhis approach. He attempted a purely indigenous solution of theeconomic
problems of rural India, servants of RuralReconstruction, Marthandam, Etawath Pilot projects,

FirkaDevelopment scheme etc., were some of thepioneering ventures in this direction, during the
British ruleIndians were exploited to a great extent. Hence, to regain theeconomy, many attempts
were made since the commencementof planning.
Rural Development (RD) is a process, which aims at improving the well being and self
realization of people living outside the urbanized areas through collective process.
According to Agarwal (1989), rural development is a strategy designed to improve the economic
and social life of rural poor.
The United Nations defines Rural Development as: Rural Development is a process of
change, by which the efforts of the people themselves are united, those of government authorities
to improve their economic, social and cultural conditions of communities in to the life of the
nation and to enable them to contribute fully to national programme. Rural Development is a
process of bringing change among rural community from the traditional way of living to
progressive way of living. It is also expressed as a movement for progress.
According to Goodland and Lcdec,

sustainable development is a pattern of social and

structural economic transformations which optimizes the economic and societal benefits
available atpresent. Without jeopardizing the likely potentials of similar benefits in the future.
They put that aprimary goal of sustainable development is to achieve a reasonable and equitably
distributed level of economic well being that can be perpetuated for many human generations.
According to McKeon Sustainable development is often thought to have three components:
environment, society, and economy. The well-being of these three areas is intertwined, not
separate.
Research methodology:
The Research line refers to the different methods that are used in research studies. Social
Research is Theoretical, meaning that much of it is concerned with developing, exploring or
testing the theories or ideas that Social researchers have about how the world operates. But it is
also empirical meaning that it is based on observations and measurements of reality on what we
perceive of the world around us (Baker 1994). Hence an attempt has been made in this study to
do justice to the theoretical as well as empirical aspects of the research topic. There is a growing
consensus among the scholars in the field of Social work research that both the approachespositive/quantitative approach and interpretive/qualitative approach-could be very usefully

combined as this would offer better potential to build knowledge in Social work. (Rubin and
Babbie2004).
The methodology adopted in this study has been discussed briefly in this chapter. The profile of
the area, where the study was conducted and focuses on the aims and objectives. It also offers
information on study design, sampling methods, criteria for the tools. It explains the pilot study
and elaborates on the methodology of data collection and data analysis. The last part attempts to
reflect on the limitations of the study. Young, Pauline, emann, V, (1971).
Formulation of the problem: In the Indian context villages constitute the backbone of the
country.India is a land of villages. There are no fewer than six lakh villages in India. More than
65 per cent people of India live in villages. So, it is rightly said that real India lives in villages. A
typical Indian village lacks several facilities, particularly in backward states and For instance,
many of the villages significantly suffering from the basic facilities of livelihood and also lack in
sustainability. These are things have been reviewed and researcher identified the gaps in the
sustainable development. Since no study has been taken place sustainable rural development
through saansad adarsh gram yojana the present study taking place.
Significance of the study: The overall aim of the researcher is to study the sustainable rural
development through saansad adarsh gram yojana in Karnataka. As many researches says rural
areas are the backbone of the development. Sustainablerural developments will additionally
contribute to the countrys growth and development.
The researcher wants to diagnose the problem from the social work point of view and this study
main aim is to study the sustainable rural development through contribution of Saansad adarsh
gram yojana, will also try to identify, assess, and develop some effective strategies through the
developmental functions of social work.
Scope of the study: The researcher has planned to carry the research in Karnataka State adopted
villages. Which contains number villages adopted by Member of Parliament under saansad gram
adarshyojana.

Operational definitions:
Development: It refers to growth, evolution, stage of progress.
Rural Development (RD): Itis a process, which aims at improving the well being and self
reliance of people living outside the urbanized areas through collective process.
Sustainable development: It is development which meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Objectives of Study:
In this study, the researcher is intended to examine the following specific objectives
In this study, the researcher is intended to examine the following specific objectives
1. To collect the demographic profile of the respondents.
2. To study the gaps of sustainable rural development.
3. To evaluate the impact of saansadadarsh gram yojana on human development of rural
populous
4. To study the impact of saansadadarsh gram yojana on Socio-Economic development of
rural villagers.
5. To analyze the impact of saansadadarsh gram yojana in environmental development.
6. To study the basic amenities and services created through saansadadarsh gram yojana.
7. To know the impact of saansadadarsh gram yojana on social security.
8. To study the governance of saansadadarsh gram yojana.
9. To study the impact of saansadadarsh gram yojana on sustainable rural development.
10. To find out the scope for social work intervention to enhance the sustainable development
through active peoples participation.
Research hypotheses:
H1
H2
H3
Research Design:
The study adopts Randomized block design to achieve the objectives.

 A Research design is not a highly specific plan to be followed without deviations, but rather a
series of guideposts to keep one headed in the right direction.Stouffer ( 1962: 131 ). In other
words, a research design is a tentative strategy of research process, which is most likely to be
modified by new aspects, new conditions and new interrelations between variables, as it
progresses.
. The study made use of research design as it deals with an area in which only a few attempts
have been made by social work researchers.

Universe of the study: Villages adopted by Member of Parliamentss under SaansadAdarsh

Gram Yojana (SAGY) in Karnataka statewill be the universe.

Sampling Size of the Study:

Proportionate stratified random sampling has been adopted in the present study.
SL.No
1
2
3
4

Division
Bangalore
Mysore
Belgaum
Gulbarga
Total

Number of villages
5
5
5
5
20

The Researcher has planned to select 20 adopted villages among 30 villages, each divisions carry
minimum 6 districts.
Tools of the Study: Data collection tools are instrument used by the researcher to observe or to
measure the key variable in the research problem. Primary sources for data collection: - To
collect the primary data, the following tools will be used in the study.

Interview Schedule consisting queries about the Socio demographic profile and other
information related Sustainable Rural development and Saansadadarsh gram yojana,and

its associated issues which fulfills the framed objectives of this study.
Casual Observation for collecting data supporting the study/ research

Criteria for Sample Selection:

Inclusion criteria:
1.

Study includes only adopted villages by saansadadarsh gram yojana

2. Study is conducted only in state of Karnataka.

Exclusion criteria:
1.
2.

Urban and Tribal Areasare excluded from the study.

Study does not consider all the villages adopted in SansadAdarsh Gram
YojanaKarnataka State

Sampling Procedure:
The study will be conducted at two levels, namely:

Pilot study: It can refer to so-called feasibility studies which are "small scale version, or trial
run, done in preparation for the major study" (Polit., 2001). However, a pilot study can also
be the pre-testing or 'trying out' of a particular research instrument (Baker. 1994)the pilot
study will be conducted to test the feasibility, standardization, reliability and validity of tools.

Main study: The main study follows the same principles of pilot study, the same procedure,
methods and tools, but it will be conducted in a larger population. It will be used to find out
the proposed tools will be suitable and easy to administer and collect data from the study
population.

Collection of Data:
In the present study, which posses both primary data and secondary data, the researcher has
adopted the interview schedule and observation methods which is original in character, collected
for the purpose of conducting the present study and constituted as primary data for the present
study.

The data will be collected through Interview Schedule. This method of data collection is very
much like the collection of data through questionnaire, with little difference which lies in the fact
that schedules (proforma containing a set of questions) are being filled in by the Researcher.
The researcher would administer the tools mentioned above on the subjects. While interview
Schedulewill be administered on the respondents during their free time.
Relevant quantitative and qualitative data also have been gathered from secondary sources.
Secondary sources such as, census Report of India, Census Report of Karnataka,

Report of

International Organizations, books, news Papers, journals, magazines, periodicals books etc.
Collecting Secondary Data remained a continuous process till the completion of research
work.The tools mentioned above will be pre-tested to find out the effectiveness of the tools in
gathering the data required and suitable modifications will be made in the tools, if necessary, on
the basis of pre-testing. Thus, the tools will be finalized.
Analysis of data:
Statistical methods will be employed for the present investigation depending on the objectives
and hypotheses of the study. After the data collection the researcher coded the data and put it into
master sheet. After the tabulation plan was over, the responses were transferred on to a master
table and tabulated. Then the data were analyzed with required statistical techniques with the
help of computerapplications.
Discussion of results and implications of the study
The results thus obtained will be discussed in the light of the presumptions/hypothesis. Each
outcomes will be discussed separately and development between adopted villages and will be
established using various statistical measures. The present study will attempt to throw light in
regard to issues of Social work importance like Equality, Social development, Sustainable
development.
Ethical Issues Considered:

Informed consent of the respondents will be sort

Confidentiality will be maintained with regard to the personal information shared and each

respondent will be assured of the confidentiality that will be maintained

Full details regarding the purpose of the study will be explained to the respondents before
collecting the data.

CHAPTERISATION

Introduction
Review of Literature
Research Methodology
Results and Discussion
Suggestion and Conclusion

BIBLIOGRAPHY
K.Venu Gopal Rao, Anti-Poverty and Rural Development (Delhi: Mangalam Publications, 2010)
Katar Singh, Rural Development: Principles, Policies and Management (Delhi: Sage
Publications, 1986)
John. M. Riley, Stakeholders in Rural Development- Critical Collaboration in State- NGO
Partnership (Delhi: Sage Publications, 2002)
E.D Setty, Effective Strategies for Rural Development (New Delhi: Akansha Publishing House,
2008)
Laxmi Devi, Strategic Planning for Rural Development (Lucknow, New Delhi: Institute for
Sustainable Development and Anmol Publications, 1997)